Enhancement of Emotion Regulation Skills in Adolescents
NCT ID: NCT04001140
Last Updated: 2020-04-09
Study Results
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Basic Information
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UNKNOWN
NA
100 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2018-11-01
2020-05-15
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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According to some classic theories of emotion, each emotion triggers a discrete pattern of behaviour, physiology, thoughts and feelings (Mauss \& Robinson, 2009; Russell, 2003). This research will assess adolescents' emotion regulation through three dimensions: a) self-reported emotion reactivity (e.g. sensitivity, arousal/intensity and persistence), b) self-reported emotion regulation (e.g. self-blame, other-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, putting into perspective, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, acceptance, planning, impulsivity, awareness and emotional clarity) and c) physiological (heart rate and skin conductance). These three dimensions will be assessed before and after the prevention program using relevant questionnaires and an experiment. The prevention program will focus on the enhancement of emotion regulation. However, it is expected that differences in the other two dimensions will also be found parallel to enhancement of emotion regulation skills.
Regarding the randomized control trial study, half of participants will take part in the intervention group and the other half in the waiting-list group. Participants will be divided into groups; each group of 5-10 adolescents (mixed male and female). Participants in the waiting-list group will receive the intervention when the intervention group finish the intervention. The questionnaires will be answered by all participants before and after the intervention and by those in the waiting list group. All participants will answer the questionnaires before and after a five week time interval during which the intervention will take place for the intervention group.
Physiological assessment of emotion processing will be of a 5 minutes duration, during an emotional imagery task, and participants participate twice -before and after the intervention for the intervention group, and two times with 5 weeks in between for the waiting-list group. The experiment will begin after a rest period which includes relaxation in the absence of any stimuli for 2 minutes (baseline) during which heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC) will be measured. Afterwards, participants will be asked to imagine six pre-standardized emotional scenarios, which three of them focusing on anger and three on fear situations, appropriate for their age. Participants will be given specific instructions on how to regulate their emotional responses to each scenario. Participants are given written instructions as to how they are to regulate elicited emotions during the different scenarios. Three different sets of emotion regulation instructions will be given to all participants: no guidance, acceptance and cognitive reappraisal. Participants will memorize each scenario prior to engaging in imagery and have to recall the scene as vividly as possible when each trial begins as prompted by the researcher. The duration of each imagery trial for each scenario is 30 seconds. Physiological measurements will be recorded during each scenario. More specifically, heart rate and skin conductance will be measured. Once this pre-intervention assessment is completed, the 7 sessions of group intervention will follow. In addition, at the end of each session participants will set a goal relevant to the skills which they have just learnt to practice at home as homework. For example, if the content of the session is the anger management, participants goal will be to start recognize their emotions and try to calm using different ways, and then when they are ready to express their emotions and try to find a functional solution.
Conditions
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Study Design
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NON_RANDOMIZED
CROSSOVER
PREVENTION
NONE
Study Groups
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Intervention group
The intervention group will take part in the sessions of the intervention, in which they learn different skills for the purpose of emotion regulation. All participants will complete the questionnaires and take part in the experiment again. This group prevention program, which is short-term, entailing 7 sessions, synthesizes techniques from three therapeutic models: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical-Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
Enhancement of emotion regulation skills
Regarding the intervention, 7 sessions will be carried out. The main purpose is to help adolescents to enhance their emotion regulation, with the ultimate goal to decrease their risk of developing addictions and other psychopathology.
Waiting-list group
The waiting-list group will receive the intervention 7 weeks after the intervention group finishes. The intervention group will finish the research in week 7, while the waiting-list group will start to attend the intervention. They will complete the questionnaires and the experiment.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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Enhancement of emotion regulation skills
Regarding the intervention, 7 sessions will be carried out. The main purpose is to help adolescents to enhance their emotion regulation, with the ultimate goal to decrease their risk of developing addictions and other psychopathology.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Adolescents who have a family member with psychological problems (e.g. depression, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, etc.)
* Adolescents from stressful family environments (domestic violence, maltreatment, divorce, mourning, etc.)
* Participants are literate in Greek.
Exclusion Criteria
* Adolescents with severe psychopathology (e.g. bipolar disorder, schizophrenia)
* Participants who are not literate in Greek.
12 Years
18 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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University of Cyprus
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Christiana Theodorou
Principal Investigator
Principal Investigators
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Christiana Theodorou, MSc.
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Cyprus
Georgia Panayiotou, Ph.D.
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
University of Cyprus
Locations
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University of Cyprus
Nicosia, , Cyprus
Countries
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References
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Goldin PR, Moodie CA, Gross JJ. Acceptance versus reappraisal: Behavioral, autonomic, and neural effects. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2019 Aug;19(4):927-944. doi: 10.3758/s13415-019-00690-7.
Milyavsky M, Webber D, Fernandez JR, Kruglanski AW, Goldenberg A, Suri G, Gross JJ. To reappraise or not to reappraise? Emotion regulation choice and cognitive energetics. Emotion. 2019 Sep;19(6):964-981. doi: 10.1037/emo0000498. Epub 2018 Sep 20.
Smith EN, Romero C, Donovan B, Herter R, Paunesku D, Cohen GL, Dweck CS, Gross JJ. Emotion theories and adolescent well-being: Results of an online intervention. Emotion. 2018 Sep;18(6):781-788. doi: 10.1037/emo0000379. Epub 2017 Dec 21.
Gross JJ. Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology. 2002 May;39(3):281-91. doi: 10.1017/s0048577201393198.
Hayes SC, Luoma JB, Bond FW, Masuda A, Lillis J. Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes. Behav Res Ther. 2006 Jan;44(1):1-25. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006.
Sloan DM, Kring AM. Measuring changes in emotion during psychotherapy: conceptual and methodological issues. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 14: 307-322, 2007.
Southam-Gerow MA. Emotion regulation in children and adolescents. New York: the Guilford Press, 2013.
Gratz KL, Roemer L. Multidimensional Assessment of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: Development, Factor Structure, and Initial Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 26: 41-54, 2004.
Thompson RJ, Dizen M, Berenbaum H. The Unique Relations between Emotional Awareness and Facets of Affective Instability. J Res Pers. 2009 Oct 1;43(5):875-879. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2009.07.006.
Feldman-Barrett L, Gross JJ, Christensen TC, Benvenuto M. Knowing what you're feeling and knowing what to do about it: mapping the relation between emotion differentiation and emotion regulation. Cognition and Emotion 15: 713-724, 2001.
Marchesi C, Fonto S, Balista C, Cimmino C, Maggini C. Relationship between alexithymia and panic disorder: a longitudinal study to answer an open question. Psychother Psychosom. 2005;74(1):56-60. doi: 10.1159/000082028.
Leahy RL. A model of emotional schemas. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 9: 177-190, 2002.
Salovey P, Mayer JD, Goldman SL, Turvey C, Palfai TP. Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: exploring emotional intelligence using the trait meta-mood scale. In JW Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotion, disclosure, and health (pp. 125-154). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1995.
Other Identifiers
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UCyprus
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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