Community Salt Testing and Relation of Iodine Intake to Visual Information Processing of Ethiopian Infants

NCT ID: NCT03889431

Last Updated: 2019-03-26

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

106 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2013-01-02

Study Completion Date

2013-08-10

Brief Summary

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This study evaluated efficacy of iodized salt for mothers and their six-month-old infants' thyroid hormones and visual information processing. Half of the participants received 450 g iodized salt for the household each week, while the other half received 225 ug iodine daily as a potassium iodide capsule.

Detailed Description

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Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, and thyroid hormones regulate the metabolic processes of most cells and play important roles in human growth and development. Iodine deficiency disorders can have serious consequences on brain and physical development. In neonates iodine deficiency and hence insufficient supply of thyroid hormones could cause neonatal goiter, neonatal hypothyroidism, and endemic mental retardation.

Iodine deficiency disorders can be prevented and controlled by providing iodine and iodine can be provided in different ways. However, the United Nations Children's Fund and the World Health Organization jointly recommended salt iodization where iodized salt is accessible. Iodized salt is a safe, cost effective and sustainable strategy to ensure sufficient intake of iodine by all individuals and to improve maternal and infant health. However, although the effect of iodine on human health is well established efficacy of iodized salt has not been studied.

Conditions

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Iodine Deficiency Goiter Infant Development

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

The mother-child dyads were randomly assigned either to receive iodine capsule (n = 53) or iodized salt (n = 53). The iodine capsule group received 225 µg of iodine daily as potassium iodide for 6 months.The iodized salt group was provided with iodized salt (30 to 40 mg iodine/kg as KIO3). One packet of salt (450 g) per household was provided starting within one week of delivery for 6 months.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Capsule group

Group one received iodine capsule

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Iodine capsule

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

225 µg of iodine daily as a capsule of potassium iodide

Iodized salt group

Group two received iodized salt

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Iodized Salt

Intervention Type OTHER

450 g iodized salt provided for the household weekly. Salt iodine content was 30 to 40 mg iodine /kg salt as KIO3

Interventions

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Iodine capsule

225 µg of iodine daily as a capsule of potassium iodide

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Iodized Salt

450 g iodized salt provided for the household weekly. Salt iodine content was 30 to 40 mg iodine /kg salt as KIO3

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* The women must be lactating and must have an infant less than or equal to one week old.
* Mothers had to volunteer to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria

* Any hyperthyroidism symptoms manifested by nervousness, anxiety, heart palpitations, or rapid pulse.
* If infants had fever, cough or severe (\>3/day) diarrhea
* Any allergic reaction such as acne, weakness, or foul breath
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

45 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Oklahoma State University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Barbara Stoecker

Regents Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Tafere Gebreegziabher, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Central Washington University & Hawassa University

Locations

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Hawassa University

Awasa, , Ethiopia

Site Status

Countries

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Ethiopia

References

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Zimmermann MB. The Importance of Adequate Iodine during Pregnancy and Infancy. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2016;115:118-24. doi: 10.1159/000442078. Epub 2016 May 19.

Reference Type RESULT
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Dold S, Zimmermann MB, Jukic T, Kusic Z, Jia Q, Sang Z, Quirino A, San Luis TOL, Fingerhut R, Kupka R, Timmer A, Garrett GS, Andersson M. Universal Salt Iodization Provides Sufficient Dietary Iodine to Achieve Adequate Iodine Nutrition during the First 1000 Days: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study. J Nutr. 2018 Apr 1;148(4):587-598. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy015.

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Vongchana M, Ounjaijean S, Tongsong T, Traisrisilp K. The effectiveness of iodine supplementation during pregnancies in geographical areas of high prevalence of iodine insufficiency. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018 Aug;38(6):756-761. doi: 10.1080/01443615.2017.1410534. Epub 2018 Mar 12.

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WHO Secretariat; Andersson M, de Benoist B, Delange F, Zupan J. Prevention and control of iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women and in children less than 2-years-old: conclusions and recommendations of the Technical Consultation. Public Health Nutr. 2007 Dec;10(12A):1606-11. doi: 10.1017/S1368980007361004. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT
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Zimmermann MB. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy and the effects of maternal iodine supplementation on the offspring: a review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb;89(2):668S-72S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26811C. Epub 2008 Dec 16.

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Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17264188 (View on PubMed)

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Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28748081 (View on PubMed)

Kennedy T, Thomas DG, Woltamo T, Abebe Y, Hubbs-Tait L, Sykova V, Stoecker BJ, Hambidge KM. Growth and Visual Information Processing in Infants in Southern Ethiopia. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2008 Mar 1;29(2):129-140. doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2007.12.003.

Reference Type RESULT
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Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25596333 (View on PubMed)

Santiago P, Velasco I, Muela JA, Sanchez B, Martinez J, Rodriguez A, Berrio M, Gutierrez-Repiso C, Carreira M, Moreno A, Garcia-Fuentes E, Soriguer F. Infant neurocognitive development is independent of the use of iodised salt or iodine supplements given during pregnancy. Br J Nutr. 2013 Sep 14;110(5):831-9. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512005880. Epub 2013 Feb 4.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23375074 (View on PubMed)

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Reference Type RESULT
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Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 18053281 (View on PubMed)

Bouhouch RR, Bouhouch S, Cherkaoui M, Aboussad A, Stinca S, Haldimann M, Andersson M, Zimmermann MB. Direct iodine supplementation of infants versus supplementation of their breastfeeding mothers: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014 Mar;2(3):197-209. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70155-4. Epub 2013 Nov 22.

Reference Type RESULT
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Antonangeli L, Maccherini D, Cavaliere R, Di Giulio C, Reinhardt B, Pinchera A, Aghini-Lombardi F. Comparison of two different doses of iodide in the prevention of gestational goiter in marginal iodine deficiency: a longitudinal study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002 Jul;147(1):29-34. doi: 10.1530/eje.0.1470029.

Reference Type RESULT
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Rohner F, Zimmermann M, Jooste P, Pandav C, Caldwell K, Raghavan R, Raiten DJ. Biomarkers of nutrition for development--iodine review. J Nutr. 2014 Aug;144(8):1322S-1342S. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.181974. Epub 2014 Jun 25.

Reference Type RESULT
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Reference Type RESULT
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Taylor RM, Fealy SM, Bisquera A, Smith R, Collins CE, Evans TJ, Hure AJ. Effects of Nutritional Interventions during Pregnancy on Infant and Child Cognitive Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2017 Nov 20;9(11):1265. doi: 10.3390/nu9111265.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29156647 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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HE1156

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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