Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
107 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2017-03-03
2018-04-17
Brief Summary
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It is hypothesised that motor control will be different between the 3 groups in both conditions, i.e. delayed trunk muscle onset in LBP groups compared with controls. With regards to the brain activity, it is expected that preparation for movement will also be delayed in the LBP groups. Furthermore, it is expected that the fear condition will entail differences in both EMG and EEG within each group.
Detailed Description
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1 block of 240 rapid arm movements (RAM) with the dominant arm was performed per condition, while electroencephalography (EEG) of the brain and surface electromyography (sEMG) of the Internal Oblique/Transversus Abdominis, External Oblique, Multifidus and Iliocostalis Lumborum pars Thoracis muscles were measured bilaterally. sEMG of the Anterior Deltoid muscle of the dominant arm was also measured. This RAM was used to induce an internal perturbation to the postural balance of subjects and is an often used task in the study of trunk motor control. Midway the RAM block, the participants got a short intermission of 90 seconds seated rest. Both conditions consisted of a warning cue (colored dot on a screen) followed by a go cue (arrow indicating either an upwards or downwards rapid arm movement) or a no-go cue ('STOP') and 12 seconds rest before the next trial. Harmless vibrotactile stimuli were always administered to the low back region during the appearance of the warning cue. During the C, a white warning cue was presented (safe cue), meaning that the RAM would never be accompanied by a painful electrocutaneous stimulus in that condition. During the F a safe (no threat) or a threatening warning cue could be presented (50-50%); in 25% of the trials after the threatening cue an electrocutaneous stimulus was given to the lower back region; the trials after the no threat cue were never accompanied with painful stimuli.
The intensity of the electrocutaneous stimulus was self-determined by participants through a staircase paradigm and was administered by a digitimer system.
At the beginning of each test day several questionnaires were also administered to control for psychological factors and physical activity, i.e. Central Sensitization Index (CSI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and a general questionnaire regarding socio-demographic information and history of complaints. Furthermore, complaint specific questionnaires were also administered, but only for the clinical populations (RLBP and CLBP)
Statistical analysis will be performed to assess whether and to what extent both threat and LBP might influence motor control as measured with EMG during RAM. Furthermore, the effect of both on cortical movement preparation and somatosensory processing will also be assessed based on the EEG measurements.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
CROSSOVER
BASIC_SCIENCE
SINGLE
The researcher that will perform the EMG-analysis, i.e. onset determination of the various muscles that were measured, will be blinded for participant, condition and muscle during that process. EEG-data does not have to be blinded as data processing is computer based and not subjectable to subjective bias of a researcher.
Study Groups
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Healthy controls - control condition
Assesses EMG and EEG activity of healthy controls during a rapid arm task after a warning and go cue. No painful stimuli are administered, only non-painful vibrotactile stimuli.
Rapid Arm Movements
240 trials of RAM in either a forward (50%) or backward (50%) shoulder flexion direction and back to neutral as fast as possible, with maintaining extension in the elbow. Visual cues (arrows) indicated the movement direction.
Vibrotactile stimulus
In all trials, during the presentation of the warning cue, a vibrotactile stimulus is administered to the low back region. This stimulus is used to evoke somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) measured with EEG during the movement-preparation phase.
Healthy controls - fear condition
Assesses EMG and EEG activity of healthy controls during a rapid arm task after a warning and go cue. Half of the trials are no threat trials, the other half are threat trials. A painful stimulus is administered during arm movement in 25% of the threat trials in order to evoke anticipation of pain during the 75% other threat trials.
Rapid Arm Movements
240 trials of RAM in either a forward (50%) or backward (50%) shoulder flexion direction and back to neutral as fast as possible, with maintaining extension in the elbow. Visual cues (arrows) indicated the movement direction.
Unpleasant stimulus
An unpleasant, but harmless, electrocutaneous stimulus is administered to the low back region in 25% of the threat trials during the fear condition. Due to a conditioning phase before testing, participants know to expect this stimulus after the presentation of a warning cue related to the fear trials (either pink or blue dot dependent on randomization).
Vibrotactile stimulus
In all trials, during the presentation of the warning cue, a vibrotactile stimulus is administered to the low back region. This stimulus is used to evoke somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) measured with EEG during the movement-preparation phase.
RLBP - control condition
Assesses EMG and EEG activity of RLBP subjects during a rapid arm task after a warning and go cue. No painful stimuli are administered, only non-painful vibrotactile stimuli.
Rapid Arm Movements
240 trials of RAM in either a forward (50%) or backward (50%) shoulder flexion direction and back to neutral as fast as possible, with maintaining extension in the elbow. Visual cues (arrows) indicated the movement direction.
Vibrotactile stimulus
In all trials, during the presentation of the warning cue, a vibrotactile stimulus is administered to the low back region. This stimulus is used to evoke somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) measured with EEG during the movement-preparation phase.
RLBP - fear condition
Assesses EMG and EEG activity of RLBP subjects during a rapid arm task after a warning and go cue. Half of the trials are no threat trials, the other half are threat trials. A painful stimulus is administered during arm movement in 25% of the threat trials in order to evoke anticipation of pain during the 75% other threat trials.
Rapid Arm Movements
240 trials of RAM in either a forward (50%) or backward (50%) shoulder flexion direction and back to neutral as fast as possible, with maintaining extension in the elbow. Visual cues (arrows) indicated the movement direction.
Unpleasant stimulus
An unpleasant, but harmless, electrocutaneous stimulus is administered to the low back region in 25% of the threat trials during the fear condition. Due to a conditioning phase before testing, participants know to expect this stimulus after the presentation of a warning cue related to the fear trials (either pink or blue dot dependent on randomization).
Vibrotactile stimulus
In all trials, during the presentation of the warning cue, a vibrotactile stimulus is administered to the low back region. This stimulus is used to evoke somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) measured with EEG during the movement-preparation phase.
CLBP - control condition
Assesses EMG and EEG activity of CLBP subjects during a rapid arm task after a warning and go cue. No painful stimuli are administered, only non-painful vibrotactile stimuli.
Rapid Arm Movements
240 trials of RAM in either a forward (50%) or backward (50%) shoulder flexion direction and back to neutral as fast as possible, with maintaining extension in the elbow. Visual cues (arrows) indicated the movement direction.
Vibrotactile stimulus
In all trials, during the presentation of the warning cue, a vibrotactile stimulus is administered to the low back region. This stimulus is used to evoke somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) measured with EEG during the movement-preparation phase.
CLBP - fear condition
Assesses EMG and EEG activity of CLBP subjects during a rapid arm task after a warning and go cue. Half of the trials are no threat trials, the other half are threat trials. A painful stimulus is administered during arm movement in 25% of the threat trials in order to evoke anticipation of pain during the 75% other threat trials.
Rapid Arm Movements
240 trials of RAM in either a forward (50%) or backward (50%) shoulder flexion direction and back to neutral as fast as possible, with maintaining extension in the elbow. Visual cues (arrows) indicated the movement direction.
Unpleasant stimulus
An unpleasant, but harmless, electrocutaneous stimulus is administered to the low back region in 25% of the threat trials during the fear condition. Due to a conditioning phase before testing, participants know to expect this stimulus after the presentation of a warning cue related to the fear trials (either pink or blue dot dependent on randomization).
Vibrotactile stimulus
In all trials, during the presentation of the warning cue, a vibrotactile stimulus is administered to the low back region. This stimulus is used to evoke somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) measured with EEG during the movement-preparation phase.
Interventions
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Rapid Arm Movements
240 trials of RAM in either a forward (50%) or backward (50%) shoulder flexion direction and back to neutral as fast as possible, with maintaining extension in the elbow. Visual cues (arrows) indicated the movement direction.
Unpleasant stimulus
An unpleasant, but harmless, electrocutaneous stimulus is administered to the low back region in 25% of the threat trials during the fear condition. Due to a conditioning phase before testing, participants know to expect this stimulus after the presentation of a warning cue related to the fear trials (either pink or blue dot dependent on randomization).
Vibrotactile stimulus
In all trials, during the presentation of the warning cue, a vibrotactile stimulus is administered to the low back region. This stimulus is used to evoke somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) measured with EEG during the movement-preparation phase.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* People with non-specific recurrent LBP for at least 2 episodes last year. (1 episode = \>24h complaints; 2 episodes are separated by a painfree period of at least 1 month)
* People with non-specific chronic LBP for at least 3 days a week and this for at least 3 months on a row.
Exclusion Criteria
* severe pathologies
* traumata
* cardiorespiratory disorders
* neurological disorders
* vestibular disorders
* endocrinologic disorders
* psychiatric and cognitive disorders
* colour blindness
* sleeping disorders
* psychological disorders or major depressions
* major surgery to the spine or upper limbs
* clinically relevant malalignments and deformities
* malignancies
* substance abuse of alcohol or drugs
* consumption of analgesics without prescription 24 hours or with prescription two weeks before testing
* use of psychotropic medication
* extreme physical activities two days before testing
* professional athletes
* pregnant women or women \< 1 year postnatally
RLBP
* specific reason for LBP (e.g. herniation \<2y, fracture, rheumatic disease,...)
* severe pathologies
* traumata
* cardiorespiratory disorders
* neurological disorders
* vestibular disorders
* endocrinologic disorders
* psychiatric and cognitive disorders
* colour blindness
* sleeping disorders
* psychological disorders or major depressions
* major surgery to the spine or upper limbs
* clinically relevant malalignments and deformities
* malignancies
* substance abuse of alcohol or drugs
* consumption of analgesics without prescription 24 hours or with prescription two weeks before testing
* use of psychotropic medication
* extreme physical activities two days before testing
* professional athletes
* pregnant women or women \< 1 year postnatally
CLBP
* specific reason for LBP (e.g. herniation \<2y, fracture, rheumatic disease,...)
* severe pathologies
* traumata
* cardiorespiratory disorders
* neurological disorders
* vestibular disorders
* endocrinologic disorders
* psychiatric and cognitive disorders
* colour blindness
* sleeping disorders
* psychological disorders or major depressions
* major surgery to the spine or upper limbs
* clinically relevant malalignments and deformities
* malignancies
* substance abuse of alcohol or drugs
* consumption of analgesics without prescription 24 hours or with prescription two weeks before testing
* use of psychotropic medication
* extreme physical activities two days before testing
* professional athletes
* pregnant women or women \< 1 year postnatally
18 Years
45 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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University Ghent
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Lieven Danneels, PT, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University Ghent
Locations
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Vakgroep REVAKI (Ghent University - Ghent University Hospital)
Ghent, , Belgium
Countries
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Other Identifiers
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2016/0186
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id