Effects of Core Stabilization Exercises on Pulmonary Functions, Respiratory Muscle Strength and Functional Capacity
NCT ID: NCT03461614
Last Updated: 2018-04-06
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
49 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2017-02-01
2018-04-05
Brief Summary
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There is a limited number of studies in the literature that investigate the relationship between substance use disorder and respiratory functions. In Taylor et al., study reported that the proportion of cannabis-dependent study members with an FEV1/FVC ratio of, 80% was 36% compared to 20% for non-smokers. Another research of Taylor et al., in longitudinal observations over 8 years in young adults (cannabis smoking on lung function in young adults between the ages of 18 and 26) revealed a dose-dependent relationship between cumulative cannabis consumption and decline in FEV1/VC. In a monograph, stated that follow-up studies of regular cannabis-only smokers also found impaired respiratory function and pathological changes in lung tissue like those preceding the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
The core anatomically described as a box, with the abdominals at the front, spinal and gluteal muscles at the back, the diaphragm on the top, and the pelvic floor and hip muscles on the bottom. Correct breathing is vital to abdominal training because respiratory muscles are directly involved during common core stability exercises. Moreover, the diaphragm, a component of core stability, plays a role in respiration and trunk stability by controlling intra-abdominal pressure . Oh et al.reported that, 30-min, 3 days a week for 8 weeks lumbar stabilization exercise had a more positive effect on pulmonary function than general physical therapy on stroke patients.
Our hypothesis was that core exercises may positive effect on respiratory functions and functional capacity of substance use disorder individuals. The aim of our study is to investigate the effects of core exercises on respiratory functions and functional capacity in adolescents with substance use disorder.
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Detailed Description
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Sample Size Determination: The sample size and power calculations were performed using the Instat sample size calculator. The calculations were based on the average value of the 6-Minute Walk Test in the 15-20 age group was 725.8 meters and the standard deviation (SD) was 61.2 meters (28), in the 95% confidence interval, an alpha level of 0.05, a β level of 5% and a power of 95%.These parameters generated a sample size of at least 18 participants for each group.
Randomization Study Protocol: The participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 parallel groups to receive either Exercise or Control. To allocate the participants to the groups, using the method of randomly permuted blocks using Research Randomizer, a program published on a publicly accessible official website (www.randomizer.org). Computerized random numbers were conducted, and sequentially numbered index cards with the random assignment were prepared. The index cards were folded and placed in sealed, opaque envelopes. Then, the investigator opened each envelope and allocated the participants to the Exercise or control group according to the selected index card.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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Control Group
In addition to the service routine rehabilitation program, participants in the Control group participated in leisure activities such as table tennis/basketball under service staff supervision for 45-60 minutes, 2 times a week, 6 weeks similar time period of Exercise group.
Control group
In addition to the service routine rehabilitation program mentioned above, participants in the Control group participated in leisure activities such as table tennis/basketball under service staff supervision for 45-60 minutes, 2 times a week, 6 weeks similar time period of Exercise group.
Exercise Group
In addition to the service routine rehabilitation program, in this group all participant receive as group training with instructor supervising 5-6 participants. The specific days of the week and time of day in which the participants trained remained constant throughout each training protocol. Training programs lasted 6 weeks and comprised 2 training sessions per week with a total of 12 training sessions. A 45-60 min training sessions per week with a 2 day gap between each session.
Exercise group
Exercise group mainly conducted the 5 core stabilization exercises as described by McGill. These include the curl-up, side bridge, trunk extension, double leg lifts and bird-dog exercises that support respiratory functions. In other words, every single training session consisted of frontal, dorsal, and lateral core exercise. In general, participants always exercised in group so that for integration and motivation. During training weeks 1-2, participants exercises with 3 sets per exercise and 10 s contraction time and 10 repetitions. During training weeks 3-4, contraction times and repetitions were increased to 15 s and 15 repetitions. Additionally, increasing the complexity of exercises, adding opposite limb movements and increasing the lever arm of the exercises were done.
Interventions
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Exercise group
Exercise group mainly conducted the 5 core stabilization exercises as described by McGill. These include the curl-up, side bridge, trunk extension, double leg lifts and bird-dog exercises that support respiratory functions. In other words, every single training session consisted of frontal, dorsal, and lateral core exercise. In general, participants always exercised in group so that for integration and motivation. During training weeks 1-2, participants exercises with 3 sets per exercise and 10 s contraction time and 10 repetitions. During training weeks 3-4, contraction times and repetitions were increased to 15 s and 15 repetitions. Additionally, increasing the complexity of exercises, adding opposite limb movements and increasing the lever arm of the exercises were done.
Control group
In addition to the service routine rehabilitation program mentioned above, participants in the Control group participated in leisure activities such as table tennis/basketball under service staff supervision for 45-60 minutes, 2 times a week, 6 weeks similar time period of Exercise group.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* met current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for substance use disorder,
* be using substances over a year,
* have not participated regularly in any exercise training program for the past six months,
* were currently engaged in inpatient substance abuse treatment.
Exclusion Criteria
* physical disabilities or medical problems,
* inability to adapt to the evaluation and treatment program,
* have a respiratory system problems such as bronchiectasis, asthma and tuberculosis, infectious health problem (HIV, hepatitis B etc.).
15 Years
18 Years
MALE
No
Sponsors
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Istanbul University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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RUSTEM MUSTAFAOGLU
Principal Investigator
Principal Investigators
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Rustem Mustafaoğlu, PT
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi
Locations
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Rustem Mustafaoğlu
Istanbul, , Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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References
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Carney T, Myers BJ, Louw J, Okwundu CI. Brief school-based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance-using adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Feb 4;(2):CD008969. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008969.pub2.
Chakravarthy B, Shah S, Lotfipour S. Adolescent drug abuse - awareness & prevention. Indian J Med Res. 2013 Jun;137(6):1021-3. No abstract available.
Taylor DR, Poulton R, Moffitt TE, Ramankutty P, Sears MR. The respiratory effects of cannabis dependence in young adults. Addiction. 2000 Nov;95(11):1669-77. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.951116697.x.
Taylor DR, Fergusson DM, Milne BJ, Horwood LJ, Moffitt TE, Sears MR, Poulton R. A longitudinal study of the effects of tobacco and cannabis exposure on lung function in young adults. Addiction. 2002 Aug;97(8):1055-61. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00169.x.
Key J. 'The core': understanding it, and retraining its dysfunction. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2013 Oct;17(4):541-59. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.03.012. Epub 2013 Jun 28.
Park SJ, Lee JH, Min KO. Comparison of the effects of core stabilization and chest mobilization exercises on lung function and chest wall expansion in stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017 Jul;29(7):1144-1147. doi: 10.1589/jpts.29.1144. Epub 2017 Jul 15.
Oh DS, Park SE. The effect of lumbar stabilization exercise on the pulmonary function of stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Jun;28(6):1896-900. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1896. Epub 2016 Jun 28.
Macleod J, Robertson R, Copeland L, McKenzie J, Elton R, Reid P. Cannabis, tobacco smoking, and lung function: a cross-sectional observational study in a general practice population. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Feb;65(631):e89-95. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X683521.
Fletcher C. Standardised questionnaire on respiratory symptoms: a statement prepared and approved by the MRC Committee on the Aetiology of Chronic Bronchitis (MRC breathlessness score). Bmj. 1960;2(2):1665.
Bestall JC, Paul EA, Garrod R, Garnham R, Jones PW, Wedzicha JA. Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 1999 Jul;54(7):581-6. doi: 10.1136/thx.54.7.581.
Stavem K, Rogeberg OJ, Olsen JA, Boe J. Properties of the Cigarette Dependence Scale and the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence in a representative sample of smokers in Norway. Addiction. 2008 Sep;103(9):1441-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02278.x.
Fagerstrom KO. Measuring degree of physical dependence to tobacco smoking with reference to individualization of treatment. Addict Behav. 1978;3(3-4):235-41. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(78)90024-2. No abstract available.
Uysal MA, Kadakal F, Karsidag C, Bayram NG, Uysal O, Yilmaz V. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: reliability in a Turkish sample and factor analysis. Tuberk Toraks. 2004;52(2):115-21.
Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Hankinson J, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Miller MR, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Wanger J. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J. 2005 Nov;26(5):948-68. doi: 10.1183/09031936.05.00035205. No abstract available.
Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Crapo R, Enright P, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Wanger J; ATS/ERS Task Force. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005 Aug;26(2):319-38. doi: 10.1183/09031936.05.00034805. No abstract available.
American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. ATS/ERS Statement on respiratory muscle testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Aug 15;166(4):518-624. doi: 10.1164/rccm.166.4.518. No abstract available.
Domenech-Clar R, Lopez-Andreu JA, Compte-Torrero L, De Diego-Damia A, Macian-Gisbert V, Perpina-Tordera M, Roques-Serradilla JM. Maximal static respiratory pressures in children and adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003 Feb;35(2):126-32. doi: 10.1002/ppul.10217.
Puente-Maestu L, Palange P, Casaburi R, Laveneziana P, Maltais F, Neder JA, O'Donnell DE, Onorati P, Porszasz J, Rabinovich R, Rossiter HB, Singh S, Troosters T, Ward S. Use of exercise testing in the evaluation of interventional efficacy: an official ERS statement. Eur Respir J. 2016 Feb;47(2):429-60. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00745-2015. Epub 2016 Jan 21.
Flemmen G, Unhjem R, Wang E. High-intensity interval training in patients with substance use disorder. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:616935. doi: 10.1155/2014/616935. Epub 2014 Mar 2.
Buchowski MS, Meade NN, Charboneau E, Park S, Dietrich MS, Cowan RL, Martin PR. Aerobic exercise training reduces cannabis craving and use in non-treatment seeking cannabis-dependent adults. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 8;6(3):e17465. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017465.
Other Identifiers
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122
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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