Pectoralis Minor Shorthening and Swimming Performance

NCT ID: NCT06344520

Last Updated: 2024-04-03

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 91 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2022-12-29
• Study Completion Date: 2023-10-30

Brief Summary

Swimming is one of the sports branches that includes many factors such as aerobic and anaerobic endurance, strength, flexibility, speed, quickness, rhythm, coordination as well as sportive performance and technical skills.

Athletes must have a high level of fitness, strength, coordination, agility, speed and motor control to perform at an elite level with minimal injury risk.

Repetitive upper extremity movements imposed by freestyle swimming may lead to changes in muscle length and tension by paving the way for postural misalignment in adolescent swimmers.

As can be seen in the studies, young swimmers who are preparing for the competition have postural disorders and injuries related to use, such as decreased posture, shoulder joint range of motion and subacromial distance.

Pectoralis minor stretching exercise to be performed in swimmers is aimed to improve swimming performance and prevent possible postural disorders by contributing to the increase of maximal shoulder muscle strength as well as correcting the incorrectly developed posture in children.

Detailed Description

Sport has become a necessity for a healthy and balanced life today. Children who play sports regularly at a young age become adults who do sports later in their lives. Swimming is one of the sports branches that includes many factors such as aerobic and anaerobic endurance, strength, flexibility, speed, quickness, rhythm, coordination as well as sportive performance and technical skills. Swimming is not only a sport, but also provides a symmetrical and balanced development of some muscles as well as making use of free time, gaining strength and rehabilitation.

The primary function of the nervous system in all living things is movement. Parallel to the phylogenetic development, there is also an improvement in the movement function. The realization of a movement is not possible only with the operation of the pyramidal system, which is the primary movement system. In addition, the extrapyramidal system that will provide the most appropriate postural tone for the organ that will perform the voluntary movement towards the goal, the cerebellar system that will provide the coordination of the agonist antagonist muscles, and the awake state must be normal and the level of consciousness must be open for this movement. The sum of the systems that provide all this movement is called the motor system. The factor that ensures the harmonious operation of the movement emerging from this system is motor control.

Athletes must have a high level of fitness, strength, coordination, agility, speed and motor control to perform at an elite level with minimal injury risk. Dysfunctional movement patterns are directly related to the mechanism of injury. In addition, the improvement of motor control is directly related to the prevention of injury. It is very important to prevent injury in order to ensure continuity in sports in athletes.

Repetitive upper extremity movements imposed by freestyle swimming may lead to changes in muscle length and tension by paving the way for postural misalignment in adolescent swimmers . Study, revealed that there were great differences in sagittal stance angles of freestyle swimming female adolescent athletes compared to their non-swimming peers, and adolescent athletes engaged in swimming sports had far from the desired angles in sagial stance.

One of the parameters affecting swimming sport is muscle strength. While four techniques are used as freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly, swimming speed is considered to be the most important performance indicator in all. Swimming speed is defined as completing the 25m or 50m swimming distance in the pool in the shortest time and is considered the most important feature of the swimmer that needs to be developed in terms of trainers. Lower extremity strength is also accepted as an important criterion in terms of starting swimming and especially completing the first 15 meters .

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors are effective in the prevention of acute, subacute and chronic injuries in sports . The most important system affecting these intrinsic and extrinsic factors is the Sensorymotor system. The sensorymotor system, on the other hand, is defined as the system that provides sensory, motor and central integration to ensure functional joint stability. Swimming; It is a sport branch that includes many factors such as high level aerobic and anaerobic endurance, strength, flexibility, speed, quickness, rhythm, coordination, sportive performance and technical skills .

As can be seen in the studies, young swimmers who are preparing for the competition have postural disorders and injuries related to use, such as decreased posture, shoulder joint range of motion and subracromial distance. In this context, it is important to see the effects of the studies applied on land and motor control on the performance in water and to ensure that the deficiencies are eliminated. As with any sport, swimming is a sport with a risk of injury. The presence of asymmetry between general leg strength, which is also observed among elite athletes, will negatively affect performance. An effective factor in acceleration during swimming is the force of the arm while pulling the water. The lower trapezius, latismus dorsi, pectoralis minor, and the supclavius muscle work as the scapula-thoracic depressor. The lower trapezius and pectoralis minor muscles directly affect the scapula, while the latismus dorsi muscle helps by pushing the humerus inferiorly. While the pectoralis minor muscle pulls the crocoid process forward, it lowers its posterolateral corner, which helps the latismus dorsi to extend and the lower trapezius to depress the scapula. In the shortness of the pectoralis minor muscle, the full function cannot be revealed, thus preventing the maximum extension of the arm. The shortness of the pectoralis minor muscle causes a postural disorder called the round shoulder. It is important to increase the mobility of the shoulder by stretching this muscle in terms of the smoothness of the posture. Since the depressed scapula increases the backward thrust of the arm, it is thought that it will directly affect the acceleration in swimming sports. They observed the effects of shoulder stabilization exercises and pectoralis minor stretching exercises on balance and maximal shoulder strength in a study conducted on healthy young people with a rounded shoulder posture. Based on these, pectoralis minor stretching exercise to be performed in swimmers is aimed to improve swimming performance and prevent possible postural disorders by contributing to the increase of maximal shoulder muscle strength as well as correcting the incorrectly developed posture in children.

Conditions

The Study Will Not be Based on Any Disease; Ability to Swim 100m Independent Freestyle; Be Between the Ages of 9-16; Continuing Running as Part of a Sports Club

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Pectoralis minor stretching exercise group

They observed the effects of shoulder stabilization exercises and pectoralis minor stretching exercises on balance and maximal shoulder strength in their study on healthy young people with rounded shoulder posture. Based on this, the pectoralis minor stretching exercise to be performed in swimmers not only corrects the maldeveloped posture in children, but also increases maximal shoulder muscle strength. It is aimed to increase swimming performance by contributing to the increase in swimming performance.Volunteer athletes who agreed to participate in the thesis were initially administered tests measuring balance, posture, motor control and swimming speed. After the tests, in addition to their own training, 3 pectoralis minor stretching exercises with a total duration of 15 minutes, as specified by Mi-Kyoung et al. (2018), were applied for 8 weeks, at least 2 times a week.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

pektoralis minor shortnes

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

One factor that is effective in acceleration during swimming is the force of the arm pulling the water. While the pectoralis minor muscle pulls the crocoid process forward, it pulls its posterolateral corner down, which helps the latismus dorsi to make an extension movement and the lower trapezius to depress the scapula. When the pectoralis minor muscle is short, it prevents maximum reach in the arm because its full function cannot be revealed. It is thought that depression of the scapula will directly affect acceleration in swimming, as it increases the backward thrust of the arm.

Group in which the sham Pectoralis Minor stretching exercise

Volunteer athletes who agreed to participate in the thesis were initially administered tests measuring balance, posture, motor control and swimming speed. After the tests, in addition to their own training, 3 sham pectoralis minor stretching exercises with a total duration of 15 minutes, were applied for 8 weeks, at least 2 times a week.

Group Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR

Group in which the Pectoralis Minor stretching exercise was performed in a sham manner

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

In most cases, exercise practices also affect the person psychologically. In order to ignore the psychological effects of the exercises, they were made to perform exercises that were similar to pectoralis minor stretching exercises but did not activate the muscle

The group in which Pectoralis Minor stretching exercise was not applied

Volunteer athletes who agreed to participate in the thesis were initially administered tests measuring balance, posture, motor control and swimming speed. After the tests,They continued to do their own training

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

The group in which Pectoralis Minor stretching exercise was not applied

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

The Control Group was not given any exercise and they continued to do their own training.

Interventions

The group in which Pectoralis Minor stretching exercise was not applied

The Control Group was not given any exercise and they continued to do their own training.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

pektoralis minor shortnes

One factor that is effective in acceleration during swimming is the force of the arm pulling the water. While the pectoralis minor muscle pulls the crocoid process forward, it pulls its posterolateral corner down, which helps the latismus dorsi to make an extension movement and the lower trapezius to depress the scapula. When the pectoralis minor muscle is short, it prevents maximum reach in the arm because its full function cannot be revealed. It is thought that depression of the scapula will directly affect acceleration in swimming, as it increases the backward thrust of the arm.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Group in which the Pectoralis Minor stretching exercise was performed in a sham manner

In most cases, exercise practices also affect the person psychologically. In order to ignore the psychological effects of the exercises, they were made to perform exercises that were similar to pectoralis minor stretching exercises but did not activate the muscle

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Ability to swim 100m independent freestyle
• Be between the ages of 9-16
• Continuing running as part of a sports club

Exclusion Criteria

• Not accepting to work
• Injury history in the last 3 months
• Having received physiotherapy in the last 6 months
• Having a systemic disorder

• Minimum Eligible Age: 9 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 16 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Istinye University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Dilan Siriş

physiotheraepist

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Habibe Serap İnal, PhD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

İstinye Univercity

Locations

Galatasaray Ergün Gürsoy Olympic Swimming Pool

Üsküdar, Nuhkuyusu, Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

Study Documents

Document Type: Clinical Study Report

Athletes must have a high level of fitness, strength, coordination, agility, speed and motor control to perform at an elite level with minimal injury risk

View Document

Document Type: Clinical Study Report

Dysfunctional movement patterns are directly related to the mechanism of injury

View Document

Document Type: Clinical Study Report

In addition, the improvement of motor control is directly related to the prevention of injury

View Document

Document Type: Clinical Study Report

Sport has become a necessity for a healthy and balanced life today. Children who play sports regularly at a young age become adults who do sports later in their lives. Swimming is one of the sports branches that includes many factors such as aerobic and anaerobic endurance, strength, flexibility, speed, quickness, rhythm, coordination as well as sportive performance and technical skills. Swimming is not only a sport, but also provides a symmetrical and balanced development of some muscles as well as making use of free time, gaining strength and rehabilitation.

View Document

Document Type: Clinical Study Report

One of the parameters affecting swimming sport is muscle strength. While four techniques are used as freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly, swimming speed is considered to be the most important performance indicator in all

View Document

Document Type: Clinical Study Report

Lower extremity strength is also accepted as an important criterion in terms of starting swimming and especially completing the first 15 meters

View Document

Document Type: Clinical Study Report

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors are effective in the prevention of acute, subacute and chronic injuries in sports

View Document

Document Type: Clinical Study Report

The sensorymotor system, on the other hand, is defined as the system that provides sensory, motor and central integration to ensure functional joint stability

View Document

Document Type: Clinical Study Report

Swimming; It is a sport branch that includes many factors such as high level aerobic and anaerobic endurance, strength, flexibility, speed, quickness, rhythm, coordination, sportive performance and technical skills

View Document

Document Type: Clinical Study Report

As can be seen in the studies, young swimmers who are preparing for the competition have postural disorders and injuries related to use, such as decreased posture, shoulder joint range of motion and subacromial distance

View Document

Document Type: Clinical Study Report

Mi-Kyoung et al. (2018) observed the effects of shoulder stabilization exercises and pectoralis minor stretching exercises on balance and maximal shoulder strength in a study conducted on healthy young people with a rounded shoulder posture.

View Document

Document Type: Book

An effective factor in acceleration during swimming is the force of the arm while pulling the water. The lower trapezius, latismus dorsi pectoralis minor, and the supclavius muscle work as the scapula-thoracic depressor. The lower trapezius and pectoralis minor muscles directly affect the scapula, while the latismus dorsi muscle helps by pushing the humerus inferiorly. While the pectoralis minor muscle pulls the crocoid process forward, it lowers its posterolateral corner, which helps the latismus dorsi to extend and the lower trapezius to depress the scapula

View Document

Document Type: Clinical Study Report

In the shortness of the pectoralis minor muscle, the full function cannot be revealed, thus preventing the maximum extension of the arm. The shortness of the pectoralis minor muscle causes a postural disorder called the round shoulder. It is important to increase the mobility of the shoulder by stretching this muscle in terms of the smoothness of the posture. Since the depressed scapula increases the backward thrust of the arm, it is thought that it will directly affect the acceleration in swimming sports

View Document

Related Links

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29581654/

The effects of shoulder stabilization exercises and pectoralis minor stretching on balance and maximal shoulder muscle strength of healthy young adults with round shoulder posture

Other Identifiers

IsiU

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id