The Effect of Stretching of Swimming-related Muscles on 800-meter Swimming Performance in Master Swimmers.

NCT ID: NCT05991999

Last Updated: 2023-10-23

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-08-05

Study Completion Date

2023-11-20

Brief Summary

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The study aimed to investigate the effect of stretching the sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major and iliopsoas muscles on 800 meters freestyle swimming performance in master swimmers.

Detailed Description

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The benefits of swimming are almost endless. Swimming is important not only as a sport but also for evaluating leisure time, building strength, and recuperating. It even allows some muscles to grow symmetrically and consistently. There is no malfunctioning muscle group in swimming. Even when swimming with minimal effort, one can move with relatively little force and easily. Besides this, it establishes a sense of trust.

Sportive swimming is described as the athlete's ability to complete specific distances in water in the quickest amount of time using freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, or butterfly strokes. The backstroke technique is performed in supine posture, while the other techniques are swum in facedown, horizontal, and near-horizontal positions. Variable approaches have varied characteristics in terms of body position, leg kick, arm pulling, head position, respiration, and condition.

Biomechanically, our myofascial connections also helps swimmers while they swim. Tightening Superficial Front Line (SFL) causes flexion of the hips and trunk in motion also produces hyperextension at the top of the neck. The large muscles of the pectoralis and latissimus provide the motive force for the large movements of adduction and extension, such as a swimming stroke. Vertical fibers in the fascia on the profound side of the epimysium of the pectoralis major, which does indeed connect from the rectus attachment to the lower part of the fascia colli superficialis (and sternocleidomastoid (SCM)). Lower extremity also coordinates stability while upper part of the body initiates movements between phases İliopsoas starts the hip flexion and is followed up by the rectus femoris initiates knee extension to continue horizontal movement in the water.

Because of the demands of the sport, swimmers have a more rounded forward posture. When the head is forward, the cervical spine is hyperextended, the thoracic spine is in slight flexion, and the lumbar spine is in slight extension, this is known as forward posture. Muscle imbalances in the shoulders are to blame for this forward posture. In the recovery phase of swimming, the scapula must retract and protract along the thoracic wall. The subacromial space reduces with protraction because of the swimmer's adaptation due to sport. Stretching the scapular protractors such as the pectoralis major muscle has been shown to have a considerable impact on the degree of forwarding shoulder posture (FSP) in healthy people. Besides this adaptation also, swimmers with shoulder pain because of more active trigger points can lead to the development of mechanical hypersensitivity compared to ones that do not have any shoulder pain.

As summarized above, swimming athletes generally have a forward posture due to their adaptation to water. In our opinion, this posture may be due to the tension of the anterior group myofascial structures, and releasing the fascia by stretching might affect swimmers' performance. Master swimmers have that adaptation far more compared to young swimmers. Therefore, we can better observe the effects of Sternocleidomastoid, Pectoralis major, and İliopsoas muscle stretching on swimming performance by testing swimmers at distances such as 800 meters.

H0: There is no significant difference between the 800-meter performance measurements of the people in the group that added stretching of specific muscles to their normal training and those in the group that did not add stretching.

H1: There is a significant difference in the 800-meter performance measurements of the group with specific muscle stretching added to their normal training and the people in the group without stretching.

Conditions

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Stretch

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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The Study Group

800-meter swimming performance tests were administered to all swimmers prior to the measurement. The study group started to do stretch exercises every day for 6 weeks. At the end of six weeks, performance tests and myoton measurements were administered and analyzed for both groups.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Stretching

Intervention Type OTHER

Master swimmers will be taught iliopsoas, sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis major stretching exercises as stretching exercises. Participants will stretch daily for 3 repetitions, each stretching for 20 seconds.

Participants will continue their swimming training 2 days a week.

Training

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants continued their swimming training 2 days a week.

The Control Group

800-meter swimming performance tests were administered to all swimmers prior to the measurement. The control group just continued their regular training for 6 weeks. At the end of six weeks, performance tests and myoton measurements were administered and analyzed for both groups.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Training

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants continued their swimming training 2 days a week.

Interventions

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Stretching

Master swimmers will be taught iliopsoas, sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis major stretching exercises as stretching exercises. Participants will stretch daily for 3 repetitions, each stretching for 20 seconds.

Participants will continue their swimming training 2 days a week.

Intervention Type OTHER

Training

Participants continued their swimming training 2 days a week.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Participants in the study voluntarily,
* Participants in ages over 25 years of age,
* Participants must swim at least two days a week.

Exclusion Criteria

* Presence of chronic disease,
* Participants have undergone surgery in relevant regions in the last 2 years,
* Participants have had injuries in the relevant regions in the last 2 years.
Minimum Eligible Age

25 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Yeditepe University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Şafak Özsönmez

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Yeditepe University

Locations

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Yeditepe University

Istanbul, Ataşehir/İstanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Countries

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Turkey (Türkiye)

References

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Rittweger J, Kwiet A, Felsenberg D. Physical performance in aging elite athletes--challenging the limits of physiology. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2004 Jun;4(2):159-60. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15615117 (View on PubMed)

Tanaka H, Seals DR. Endurance exercise performance in Masters athletes: age-associated changes and underlying physiological mechanisms. J Physiol. 2008 Jan 1;586(1):55-63. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.141879. Epub 2007 Aug 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17717011 (View on PubMed)

Rubin RT, Rahe RH. Effects of aging in Masters swimmers: 40-year review and suggestions for optimal health benefits. Open Access J Sports Med. 2010 Apr 7;1:39-44. doi: 10.2147/oajsm.s9315.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24198541 (View on PubMed)

Batalha NM, Raimundo AM, Tomas-Carus P, Barbosa TM, Silva AJ. Shoulder rotator cuff balance, strength, and endurance in young swimmers during a competitive season. J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Sep;27(9):2562-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827fd849.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23249824 (View on PubMed)

Solem-Bertoft E, Thuomas KA, Westerberg CE. The influence of scapular retraction and protraction on the width of the subacromial space. An MRI study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993 Nov;(296):99-103.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8222458 (View on PubMed)

Klingler W, Velders M, Hoppe K, Pedro M, Schleip R. Clinical relevance of fascial tissue and dysfunctions. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2014;18(8):439. doi: 10.1007/s11916-014-0439-y.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24962403 (View on PubMed)

Findley T, Chaudhry H, Stecco A, Roman M. Fascia research--a narrative review. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2012 Jan;16(1):67-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2011.09.004.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22196430 (View on PubMed)

Hidalgo-Lozano A, Fernandez-de-las-Penas C, Calderon-Soto C, Domingo-Camara A, Madeleine P, Arroyo-Morales M. Elite swimmers with and without unilateral shoulder pain: mechanical hyperalgesia and active/latent muscle trigger points in neck-shoulder muscles. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013 Feb;23(1):66-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01331.x. Epub 2011 May 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21564310 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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https://www.myoton.com/applications

Applications - Myoton. Accessed June 28, 2023

Other Identifiers

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SYeditepe

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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