Neuroeconomics of Social Behavior Following Trauma Exposure

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Total Enrollment

168 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2017-11-14

Study Completion Date

2022-08-31

Brief Summary

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This study will use a neuroeconomic paradigm with state-of-the-art imaging protocols to probe abnormal social reward processing underlying social withdrawal in symptomatic trauma-exposed women. By also gathering self-report measures of social anhedonia, performance on non-social and social reward valuation tasks, and measures of real-world social functioning including social network size, we aim to specify how alterations in social reward processing result in social withdrawal and functional impairment.

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Detailed Description

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Impaired social functioning is a frequent and disabling sequela of trauma-related disorders. PTSD is associated with a high rate of severe impairment in quality of life relative to other anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, social phobia, and OCD, with particularly marked impairment in social quality of life. Mounting evidence indicates that impairment in quality of life in PTSD is strongly related to its effect on social functioning. Such difficulties are widespread and affect multiple social networks, including marital relationships, and friendships and family relationships. Social withdrawal, defined here in terms of reduced social network size, is of particular interest because of its strong relationship with health outcomes, including increased risk of disability, reduced immune response, and increased mortality risk; most critically, poor social integration is associated with a threefold increase in suicide risk. Because women are at a 2.3-to-3-fold increased risk compared to men of developing PTSD following trauma, understanding the differential neurobiological pathways that may contribute to the development of stress-related disorders in women is particularly critical. Women are more likely than men to endorse social detachment following trauma, especially when the trauma involves exposure to violence.

In this project, we propose abnormal reward processing (anhedonia) as a specific mechanism underlying social withdrawal in trauma-exposed women, and we present a paradigm that capitalizes on advances in neuroeconomics to elucidate the neural underpinnings of social withdrawal. Additionally, we propose to identify the possible influences of a stress peptide (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide: PACAP) implicated in sex-specific changes in social behavior following stress exposure.

Conditions

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

CASE_CONTROL

Study Time Perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

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Phase 1

Healthy control participants will provide neuroeconomic game responses to form a pool of potential responses for participants to interact with during Phase 2.

No interventions assigned to this group

Phase 2: PTS-SA

posttraumatic spectrum-socially anhedonic

No interventions assigned to this group

Phase 2: PTS-nonSA

posttraumatic spectrum-non-socially anhedonic

No interventions assigned to this group

Phase 2: HC

healthy controls

No interventions assigned to this group

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age 18-45
* Self-reported healthy volunteer status

* Female
* Trauma exposure appropriate to group
* For trauma-exposed groups the index trauma is actual or threatened physical assault or sexual violence
* PCL-5 score 33 and above (for PS-SA and PS-nonSA groups)
* Right handedness
* Age 18-45
* English as a first language

Exclusion Criteria

* Inability to provide written informed consent in English
* Inability to see task due to visual impairment
* Participants who produce T-scores of 65 or higher on any Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) subscales will not be eligible to remain in the Trust Task participant pool.

Phase 2:

* History of neurological illness (including head injury with loss of consciousness \> 5 minutes)
* Medical conditions that may influence neuroimaging (e.g. HIV)
* Current or past DSM-5 Axis I disorder (for HC group)
* History of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia spectrum disorder
* Contraindications for MRI
* Alcohol dependence in the past 5 years
* Substance dependence in the past 3 years
* Daily substance use in the past year
* Prescribed psychotropic medication use in the past month
* Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence- Second Edition (WASI-II) FSIQ \< 70.

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

45 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes