Evaluating Pain Outcomes of Caudal vs Ilioinguinal Nerve Block in Children Undergoing Hernia Repair
NCT ID: NCT03041948
Last Updated: 2017-11-14
Study Results
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Basic Information
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UNKNOWN
NA
88 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2015-09-01
2018-09-01
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Regional anesthetic techniques such as CE and ultrasound (US) guided IIG/IHG are well-established methods shown to reduce the use of intraoperative anesthetics and the need post operative rescue analgesia. Traditionally, IIG/IHG nerve blocks were completed using a landmark-based approach but due to unpredictable block results with failure rates over 30% and potentially serious complications such as unintentional intraperitoneal injection, many anesthesiologists preferred the more reliable CE technique. However, while the CE provides excellent intraoperative anesthesia it provides short duration of post-operative analgesia (4-6 hours) and can be associated with lower limb motor block and urinary retention. Recent literature has demonstrated that an US guided IIG/IHG can be completed with smaller volume of local anesthetic with a success rate of up to 100% with low risk of complications. Furthermore there is evidence to suggest that it provides an increased duration of postoperative analgesia for pediatric patients undergoing groin surgery. Finally, two publications retrospectively reviewing complications in over 45000 regional anesthetic blocks suggest that US guided peripheral nerve blocks (e.g., IIG/IHG) should be favoured over neuraxial techniques such as epidural and caudal anesthetics due to the risk-benefit profile. A recent meta-analysis comparing IIG/IIH block to the CE block in children notes that additional comparative studies are required as previous studies comparing these two techniques have many methodological limitations including small sample sizes, using blind (non-US guided) regional anesthetic techniques and grouping patients undergoing various surgical procedures (e.g., orchiopexy and hernia repair) despite significant differences in recovery pain profiles.
The investigators are proposing to complete a prospective randomized single-blinded non-inferiority study to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of an US guided CE block to an US guided IIG/IHG nerve block in achieving post operative analgesia following a hernia repair. Currently, a number of Pediatric Anesthesiologists at the Alberta Children's Hospital do not routinely complete IIG/IIH or CE blocks under ultrasound guidance. As part of this study investigators hope to provide necessary knowledge (sonoanatomy, technique) and offer supervised clinical training to anesthesiologists who are interested in participating in the study. While a hernia repair remains a common procedure, no studies have compared the use of US guided CE to US guided IIG/IHG. The aim of this study is to establish non-inferiority in post-operative pain while in hospital as assessed through the Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale for the US guided IIG/IHG as compared to US guided CE following hernia repair surgery. Secondary objectives will assess for group differences in need for rescue analgesia in hospital, analgesia administered at home, and postoperative pain measures within 24 hours post hospital discharge.
Investigators hypothesize that a US guided IIG/IHG nerve block leads to non-inferior objectively measured FLACC pain scores (≤ 1 point on FLACC scale) post-operatively while in hospital relative to an US guided CE block for inguinal hernia surgery.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Caudal-epidural nerve block
All patients will receive acetaminophen (15mg/kg) within one hour of induction of anesthesia. Inhalation induction of anesthesia will be performed with sevoflurane in 100% O2. A single dose of up to 2-4 mg/kg of propofol and Remifentanil 0.5-1mcg/kg will be given prior insertion of a laryngeal mask airway or endotracheal tube. Anesthesia will be maintained with Propofol and Remifentanil (2.5mcg/ml) which will be started at 300 mcg/kg/min and titrated to effect. If necessary additional boluses of Propofol (1mg/kg) and/or Remifentanil (0.5-1mcg/kg) and/or Morphine 0.05mg/kg boluses IV will be administered. Ondansetron (0.1mg/kg) and Dexamethasone (0.15mg/kg) will be given as antiemetic prophylaxis for all patients. Ketorolac 0.3mg/kg will be given to each patient. The CE group will receive an US-confirmed CE nerve block with 0.8 mL/kg of 0.2% ropivacaine (maximum 15 mL).
Caudal-epidural nerve block
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Acetaminophen
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Sevoflurane
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Remifentanil
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Propofol
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Morphine
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Ondansetron
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Dexamethasone
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Ketorolac
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ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block
All patients will receive acetaminophen (15mg/kg) within one hour of induction of anesthesia. Inhalation induction of anesthesia will be performed with sevoflurane in 100% O2. A single dose of up to 2-4 mg/kg of propofol and Remifentanil 0.5-1mcg/kg will be given prior insertion of a laryngeal mask airway or endotracheal tube. Anesthesia will be maintained with Propofol and Remifentanil (2.5mcg/ml) which will be started at 300 mcg/kg/min and titrated to effect. If necessary additional boluses of Propofol (1mg/kg) and/or Remifentanil (0.5-1mcg/kg) and/or Morphine 0.05mg/kg boluses IV will be administered. Ondansetron (0.1mg/kg) and Dexamethasone (0.15mg/kg) will be given as antiemetic prophylaxis for all patients. Ketorolac 0.3mg/kg will be given to each patient. The IIG/IHG group will receive a unilateral US guided IIG/IHG with 0.4mL/kg of ropivacaine 0.2% (max 12 mL).
Ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block
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Acetaminophen
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Sevoflurane
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Remifentanil
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Propofol
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Morphine
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Ondansetron
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Dexamethasone
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Ketorolac
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Interventions
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Ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block
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Caudal-epidural nerve block
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Acetaminophen
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Sevoflurane
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Remifentanil
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Propofol
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Morphine
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Ondansetron
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Dexamethasone
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Ketorolac
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
6 Months
4 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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University of Saskatchewan
OTHER
Alberta Children's Hospital
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Bryce Weber
Pediatric Urologist
Locations
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Alberta Children's Hospital
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Royal University Hospital/University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Countries
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Facility Contacts
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Bryce Weber, MD FRCSC
Role: primary
Jennifer O'Brien, PhD
Role: primary
References
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Verghese ST, Hannallah RS. Acute pain management in children. J Pain Res. 2010 Jul 15;3:105-23. doi: 10.2147/jpr.s4554.
Koo BN, Hong JY, Song HT, Kim JM, Kil HK. Ultrasonography reveals a high prevalence of lower spinal dysraphism in children with urogenital anomalies. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012 May;56(5):624-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02612.x. Epub 2012 Feb 16.
Weintraud M, Marhofer P, Bosenberg A, Kapral S, Willschke H, Felfernig M, Kettner S. Ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric blocks in children: where do we administer the local anesthetic without direct visualization? Anesth Analg. 2008 Jan;106(1):89-93, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000287679.48530.5f.
Jagannathan N, Sohn L, Sawardekar A, Ambrosy A, Hagerty J, Chin A, Barsness K, Suresh S. Unilateral groin surgery in children: will the addition of an ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal nerve block enhance the duration of analgesia of a single-shot caudal block? Paediatr Anaesth. 2009 Sep;19(9):892-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2009.03092.x. Epub 2009 Jul 13.
Abdellatif AA. Ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks versus caudal block for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing unilateral groin surgery. Saudi J Anaesth. 2012 Oct-Dec;6(4):367-72. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.105868.
Ecoffey C, Lacroix F, Giaufre E, Orliaguet G, Courreges P; Association des Anesthesistes Reanimateurs Pediatriques d'Expression Francaise (ADARPEF). Epidemiology and morbidity of regional anesthesia in children: a follow-up one-year prospective survey of the French-Language Society of Paediatric Anaesthesiologists (ADARPEF). Paediatr Anaesth. 2010 Dec;20(12):1061-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2010.03448.x.
Polaner DM, Taenzer AH, Walker BJ, Bosenberg A, Krane EJ, Suresh S, Wolf C, Martin LD. Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network (PRAN): a multi-institutional study of the use and incidence of complications of pediatric regional anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2012 Dec;115(6):1353-64. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31825d9f4b. Epub 2012 Jun 13.
Shanthanna H, Singh B, Guyatt G. A systematic review and meta-analysis of caudal block as compared to noncaudal regional techniques for inguinal surgeries in children. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:890626. doi: 10.1155/2014/890626. Epub 2014 Aug 5.
von Baeyer CL, Spagrud LJ. Systematic review of observational (behavioral) measures of pain for children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years. Pain. 2007 Jan;127(1-2):140-50. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.014. Epub 2006 Sep 25.
Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, Malviya S. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs. 1997 May-Jun;23(3):293-7.
Chambers CT, Finley AG, McGrath PJ, Walsh TM. The parents' postoperative pain measure: replication and extension to 2-6-year-old children. Pain. 2003 Oct;105(3):437-443. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00256-2.
Cole J, Shepherd M, Young P. Intranasal fentanyl in 1-3-year-olds: a prospective study of the effectiveness of intranasal fentanyl as acute analgesia. Emerg Med Australas. 2009 Oct;21(5):395-400. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2009.01216.x.
Other Identifiers
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REB15-0434
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id