Pivotal Phase 2b/3 ALVAC/Bivalent gp120/MF59 HIV Vaccine Prevention Safety and Efficacy Study in South Africa

NCT ID: NCT02968849

Last Updated: 2024-07-22

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: PHASE2/PHASE3
• Total Enrollment: 5404 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2016-10-26
• Study Completion Date: 2021-11-16

Brief Summary

This study will evaluate the preventive vaccine efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 in HIV-seronegative South African adults over 24 months and potentially up to 36 months from enrollment.

Detailed Description

This study will evaluate the preventive vaccine efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the ALVAC-HIV vaccine + Bivalent Subtype C gp120 protein adjuvanted with MF59 in HIV-seronegative South African adults over 24 months from enrollment.

Participants will be randomized to receive ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438), or placebo, by intramuscular injection at weeks 0 and 4; they will receive ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59, or placebo, by IM injection at weeks 12, 24, and 52.

In addition to the vaccination visits, participants will attend study visits at weeks 26, 39, 54, 65, 78, 91, 104, 117, 130, 142, and 156. All study visits, including vaccination visits, will include HIV risk reduction counseling, a physical exam, and an interview/questionnaire. and pregnancy testing for participants capable of becoming pregnant. Select study visits will include a medical history review, physical exam, blood collection, urine collection, HIV testing, and pregnancy testing for participants capable of becoming pregnant.

As of February 3, 2020, vaccinations for this study were suspended. Participants have been asked to continue attending follow-up visits for 12 months after the last vaccination they received. Participants who become HIV infected will be followed for 6 months after diagnosis.

Conditions

HIV Infections

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: PREVENTION
• Blinding Strategy: QUADRUPLE

Study Groups

ALVAC-HIV + subtype C gp120/MF59

2700 participants will receive an IM injection of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) at months 0 and 1, and an IM injection of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 at months 3, 6, and 12.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438)

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

Expresses the gene products ZM96 gp120 (clade C strain) linked to the sequences encoding the HIV-1 transmembrane anchor (TM) sequence of gp41 (28 amino acids clade B LAI strain) and gag and pro (clade B LAI strain). It is formulated as a lyophilized vaccine for injection at a dose \> 10\^6 cell culture infectious dose 50% (CCIDv50) and \< 1 × 10\^8 CCIDv50 (nominal dose of 10\^7 CCIDv50) and is reconstituted with 1 mL of sterile sodium chloride solution (NaCl 0.4%) delivered IM

Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

Subtype C TV1.C gp120 Env and 1086.C gp120 Env proteins, each at a dose of 100 mcg, mixed with MF59 adjuvant (an oil-in-water emulsion) and delivered IM

Placebo

2700 participants will receive Sodium Chloride for injection, 0.9% at months 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12.

Group Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

Sodium Chloride for injection, 0.9% delivered IM

Interventions

ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438)

Expresses the gene products ZM96 gp120 (clade C strain) linked to the sequences encoding the HIV-1 transmembrane anchor (TM) sequence of gp41 (28 amino acids clade B LAI strain) and gag and pro (clade B LAI strain). It is formulated as a lyophilized vaccine for injection at a dose \> 10\^6 cell culture infectious dose 50% (CCIDv50) and \< 1 × 10\^8 CCIDv50 (nominal dose of 10\^7 CCIDv50) and is reconstituted with 1 mL of sterile sodium chloride solution (NaCl 0.4%) delivered IM

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59

Subtype C TV1.C gp120 Env and 1086.C gp120 Env proteins, each at a dose of 100 mcg, mixed with MF59 adjuvant (an oil-in-water emulsion) and delivered IM

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

Placebo

Sodium Chloride for injection, 0.9% delivered IM

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Age of 18 to 35 years
• Sexually active, defined as having had sexual intercourse at least twice in the past 30 days prior to screening, and is considered by the site staff to be at risk for HIV infection.
• Access to a participating HVTN CRS and willingness to be followed for the planned duration of the study
• Ability and willingness to provide informed consent
• Assessment of understanding: volunteer demonstrates understanding of this study prior to first vaccination with verbal demonstration of understanding of all questions.
• Agrees not to enroll in another study of an investigational research agent until the participant is unblinded or their study participation ends, whichever occurs last
• Good general health as shown by medical history, physical exam, and screening laboratory tests
• Willingness to receive HIV test results
• Willingness to discuss HIV infection risks and willing to receive HIV risk reduction counseling.
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 2.5 times the institutional upper limit of normal
• Negative HIV-1 and -2 blood test within 30 days prior to enrollment: Sites may use locally available assays that have been approved by HVTN Laboratory Operations.
• Volunteers who were born female: negative serum or urine beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) pregnancy test performed prior to vaccination on the day of initial vaccination. Persons who are NOT of reproductive potential due to having undergone total hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy (verified by medical records), are not required to undergo pregnancy testing.
• Reproductive status: A volunteer who was born female must:

• Agree to consistently use effective contraception (Appendix B and Appendix C) for sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy from at least 21 days prior to enrollment through 3 months after the last vaccination. Effective contraception is defined as using 2 methods of birth control. These include 1 of the following methods:

• Condoms (male or female)
• Diaphragm or cervical cap

PLUS 1 of the following methods:

• Intrauterine device (IUD),
• Hormonal contraception (in accordance with applicable national contraception guidelines), or
• Successful vasectomy in the male partner (considered successful if a volunteer reports that a male partner has [1] documentation of azoospermia by microscopy, or [2] a vasectomy more than 2 years ago with no resultant pregnancy despite sexual activity postvasectomy), or
• Any other contraceptive method approved by the protocol safety review team;

• Or not be of reproductive potential, such as having been diagnosed with premature menopause (with no menses for 1 year) or having undergone hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or tubal ligation.

• Volunteers who were born female must also agree not to seek pregnancy through alternative methods, such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization until 3 months after the last vaccination

Exclusion Criteria

• Blood products received within 90 days before first vaccination
• Investigational research agents received within 30 days before first vaccination
• Intent to participate in another study of an investigational research agent or any other study that requires non-HVTN HIV antibody testing during the planned duration of the study
• Pregnant or breastfeeding
• HIV vaccine(s) received in a prior HIV vaccine trial. For volunteers who have received control/placebo in an HIV vaccine trial, the HVTN 702 PSRT will determine eligibility on a case-by-case basis.
• Non-HIV experimental vaccine(s) received within the last 5 years in a prior vaccine trial. Exceptions may be made for vaccines that have subsequently undergone licensure. For volunteers who have received control/placebo in an experimental vaccine trial, the protocol safety review team will determine eligibility on a case-by-case basis. For volunteers who have received an experimental vaccine(s) greater than 5 years ago, eligibility for enrollment will be determined by the protocol safety review team on a case-by-case basis.
• Live attenuated vaccines other than influenza vaccine received within 30 days before first vaccination or scheduled within 14 days after injection (eg, measles, mumps, and rubella [MMR]; oral polio vaccine [OPV]; varicella; yellow fever)
• Influenza vaccine or any vaccines that are not live attenuated vaccines and were received within 14 days prior to first vaccination (eg, tetanus, pneumococcal, Hepatitis A or B)
• Immunosuppressive medications received within 168 days before first vaccination. (Not exclusionary: [1] corticosteroid nasal spray; [2] inhaled corticosteroids; [3] topical corticosteroids for mild, uncomplicated dermatitis; or [4] a single course of oral/parenteral corticosteroids at doses < 2 mg/kg/day and length of therapy < 11 days with completion at least 30 days prior to enrollment.)
• Serious adverse reactions to vaccines or to vaccine components such as eggs, egg products, or neomycin including history of anaphylaxis and related symptoms such as hives, respiratory difficulty, angioedema, and/or abdominal pain. (Not excluded from participation: a volunteer who had a non-anaphylactic adverse reaction to pertussis vaccine as a child.)
• Immunoglobulin received within 60 days before first vaccination
• Immunodeficiency
• Clinically significant medical condition, physical examination findings, clinically significant abnormal laboratory results, or past medical history with clinically significant implications for current health. A clinically significant condition or process includes but is not limited to:

• A process that would affect the immune response,
• A process that would require medication that affects the immune response,
• Any contraindication to repeated injections or blood draws,
• A condition that requires active medical intervention or monitoring to avert grave danger to the volunteer's health or well-being during the study period,
• A condition or process for which signs or symptoms could be confused with reactions to vaccine, or
• Any medical, psychiatric, occupational, or other condition that, in the judgment of the investigator, would interfere with, or serve as a contraindication to, protocol adherence, assessment of safety or reactogenicity, or a volunteer's ability to give informed consent
• Psychiatric condition that precludes compliance with the protocol. Specifically excluded are persons with psychoses within the past 3 years, ongoing risk for suicide, or history of suicide attempt or gesture within the past 3 years.
• Active tuberculosis (TB) disease
• Uncontrolled hypertension: systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 100 mm Hg
• Bleeding disorder (diagnosed by a doctor) contraindicating IM injection and/or blood draws, based on investigator's judgment
• Malignancy (Not excluded from participation: Volunteer who has had malignancy excised surgically and who, in the investigator's estimation, has a reasonable assurance of sustained cure or who is unlikely to experience recurrence of malignancy during the period of the study)
• History of hereditary angioedema, acquired angioedema, or idiopathic angioedema

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 35 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Sanofi

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role: collaborator

GlaxoSmithKline

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

NIH

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Glenda Gray, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital

Locations

Walter Sisulu University HIV Vaccine Research Unit CRS

Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Kliptown Soweto CRS

Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

Aurum Tembisa CRS

Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

Soweto HVTN CRS

Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

MeCRU CRS

Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa

Setshaba Research Centre CRS

Soshanguve, Gauteng, South Africa

eThekwini CRS

Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Isipingo CRS

Isipingo, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic CRS

Ladysmith, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Verulam CRS

Verulam, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Aurum Institute Klerksdorp CRS

Klerksdorp, North West, South Africa

Rustenburg CRS

Rustenburg, North West, South Africa

Emavundleni CRS

Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

Khayelitsha CRS

Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

Countries

South Africa

References

Gray GE, Bekker LG, Laher F, Malahleha M, Allen M, Moodie Z, Grunenberg N, Huang Y, Grove D, Prigmore B, Kee JJ, Benkeser D, Hural J, Innes C, Lazarus E, Meintjes G, Naicker N, Kalonji D, Nchabeleng M, Sebe M, Singh N, Kotze P, Kassim S, Dubula T, Naicker V, Brumskine W, Ncayiya CN, Ward AM, Garrett N, Kistnasami G, Gaffoor Z, Selepe P, Makhoba PB, Mathebula MP, Mda P, Adonis T, Mapetla KS, Modibedi B, Philip T, Kobane G, Bentley C, Ramirez S, Takuva S, Jones M, Sikhosana M, Atujuna M, Andrasik M, Hejazi NS, Puren A, Wiesner L, Phogat S, Diaz Granados C, Koutsoukos M, Van Der Meeren O, Barnett SW, Kanesa-Thasan N, Kublin JG, McElrath MJ, Gilbert PB, Janes H, Corey L; HVTN 702 Study Team. Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent Subtype C gp120-MF59 in Adults. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 25;384(12):1089-1100. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031499.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 33761206 (View on PubMed)

Moodie Z, Dintwe O, Sawant S, Grove D, Huang Y, Janes H, Heptinstall J, Omar FL, Cohen K, De Rosa SC, Zhang L, Yates NL, Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, Seaton KE, Laher F, Bekker LG, Malahleha M, Innes C, Kassim S, Naicker N, Govender V, Sebe M, Singh N, Kotze P, Lazarus E, Nchabeleng M, Ward AM, Brumskine W, Dubula T, Randhawa AK, Grunenberg N, Hural J, Kee JJ, Benkeser D, Jin Y, Carpp LN, Allen M, D'Souza P, Tartaglia J, DiazGranados CA, Koutsoukos M, Gilbert PB, Kublin JG, Corey L, Andersen-Nissen E, Gray GE, Tomaras GD, McElrath MJ. Analysis of the HIV Vaccine Trials Network 702 Phase 2b-3 HIV-1 Vaccine Trial in South Africa Assessing RV144 Antibody and T-Cell Correlates of HIV-1 Acquisition Risk. J Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 24;226(2):246-257. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac260.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 35758878 (View on PubMed)

Moodie Z, Li SS, Giorgi EE, Williams LD, Dintwe O, Carpp LN, Chen S, Seaton KE, Sawant SS, Zhang L, Heptinstall J, Liu S, Grunenberg N, Tomaka F, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Ake JA, Vasan S, Pantaleo G, Frank I, Baden LR, Goepfert PA, Keefer M, Chirenje M, Hosseinipour MC, Mngadi K, Laher F, Garrett N, Bekker LG, De Rosa S, Andersen-Nissen E, Kublin JG, Lu S, Gilbert PB, Gray GE, Corey L, McElrath MJ, Tomaras GD. A polyvalent DNA prime with matched polyvalent protein/GLA-SE boost regimen elicited the most robust and broad IgG and IgG3 V1V2 binding antibody and CD4+ T cell responses among 13 HIV vaccine trials. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2025 Dec;14(1):2485317. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2025.2485317. Epub 2025 Apr 7.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 40190112 (View on PubMed)

Chihana R, Jin Kee J, Moodie Z, Huang Y, Janes H, Dadabhai S, Roxby AC, Allen M, Kassim S, Naicker V, Innes C, Naicker N, Dubula T, Grunenberg N, Malahleha M, Kublin JG, Bekker LG, Gray G, Kumwenda J, Laher F. Factors associated with reactogenicity to an investigational HIV vaccine regimen in HIV vaccine trials network 702. Vaccine. 2024 Aug 13;42(20):125991. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.039. Epub 2024 May 21.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 38772835 (View on PubMed)

Laher F, Malahleha M, Ramirez S, Brumskine W, Otwombe K, Moodie Z, Allen M. Data quality in an HIV vaccine efficacy clinical trial in South Africa: through natural disasters and with discipline. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2023 Jun 24;23(1):147. doi: 10.1186/s12874-023-01967-9.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 37355583 (View on PubMed)

Hanass-Hancock J, Carpenter B, Reddy T, Nzuza A, Gaffoor Z, Goga A, Andrasik M. Participants' characteristics and motivations to screen for HIV vaccine and monoclonal antibody trials in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Trials. 2021 Dec 11;22(1):897. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05792-7.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 34895272 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

Document Type: Study Protocol and Informed Consent Form

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

HVTN 702

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id