Early Interventions in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

NCT ID: NCT02807870

Last Updated: 2020-08-18

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: PHASE4
• Total Enrollment: 153 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2016-06-30
• Study Completion Date: 2020-06-30

Brief Summary

Introduction: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent mental disorders in children and is associated with important negative functional outcomes throughout development. The first signs and symptoms become apparent in preschool age. Therefore, early interventions in this population have the potential of limiting the disorder's negative impact and preventing future impairments in affected individuals. The first-choice medication for treating ADHD is methylphenidate, which has evidence of efficacy and safety in preschool children. However, non-evidence based worries and pressure from the media placed parent training as the first-line treatment for ADHD in clinical guidelines. Parent training is a behavioral intervention implemented with the parents, with weekly sessions for 8 weeks, adequate for treating ADHD dysfunctional symptoms and behaviors. However, the level of evidence for this intervention is reduced. Furthermore, the need of trained therapists in the public health system, added to the difficulties on adherence and comprehension from parents, limit its generalization and raise questions regarding its indications. Until now, no study has compared pharmacological treatment with methylphenidate to parent training in preschool children with ADHD regarding their clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, no study has evaluated the impact of pharmacological intervention and psychotherapy on neurobiological mechanisms of ADHD, which is crucial for determining their impact on neurodevelopment.

Objectives: This is a double-blind randomized clinical trial that aims to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of treatment with methylphenidate compared to parental training and placebo in preschool children with ADHD.

Methods: This study will be a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, evaluating two active interventions and placebo control group. One hundred and fifty children aged 3 years and 11 months and 5 years and 11 months, diagnosed with ADHD, will be randomized to receive treatment with methylphenidate and information (50 children), parental training and treatment with placebo medication (50 children) or belong to active control group with educational information for parents and placebo treatment with no treatment (active control, 50 children). The treatment will last eight weeks, the neurobiological outcomes will be assessed before and after treatment and clinical outcomes will be assessed at weeks 0, 5 and 9. After the end of treatment, all participants will be invited to participate in a 3 years' annual follow-up. 50 children with typical development will also be evaluated in relation to neurobiological measures.

Implications: This study proposes an innovative and relevant analysis, which will enable the field to advance the knowledge of biological mechanisms related to ADHD and to treatment response. Also, the study will expand the evidence to guide early prevention strategies and early intervention.

Detailed Description

The recruitment of participants will be performed through social media divulgation, on our official website and through contact with preschools in the city of Sao Paulo. The participants that have been selected on the telephonic pre-screening are called for a diagnostic evaluation and an eligibility criteria verification performed by a child and adolescence psychiatrist and neuropsychologists. The psychiatric care and the outcomes evaluation sessions will be conducted by trained professionals, under the principal investigator's supervision.

The children will be randomized using the website randomization.com to one of the three groups: drug treatment with methylphenidate and educational information, parental training and placebo medication, or active control group with educational information and placebo medication. After the eight-week intervention, the participants can receive treatments not previously offered according to a clinical decision.

All selected participants for the clinical trial will be evaluated and accompanied by a child and adolescent psychiatrist before the study and bi-weekly until its completion. Furthermore, a blind evaluator will be responsible for the outcomes measures evaluation.

The clinical evaluator (child and adolescent psychiatrist) and the research assistant responsible for the questionnaires application will be blind towards the modality of treatment that the participant undergoes.

All of the study's evaluation protocol and monitoring is done on the platform Research Electronic Data Capture - REDCap, a software developed by Vanderbilt University - Tennessee, which is hosted in The Clinics Hospital of the University of São Paulo Medical School server. REDCap presents three main functions: a) electronic data collection; b) data management; c) study flow management. This data bank complies with the international policies of data's privacy and security on health area. In addition to the collection and storage structure, validation, auditing and data exporting tools of the system itself are also used.

The efficacy analysis will be made from treatment intention (data from all randomized patients will be included in the analysis). The outcomes (clinical measures of efficacy and tolerability) will be analyzed through mixed effects analyses, with individual models for each outcome. This model assumes that missing data occurs at random and avoids potential biases associated with the analysis only of the individuals who completed the observations or using the strategy to carry the last observation made. The model will include fixed effects for treatment (three levels), time (0, 5 and 9 weeks), time-treatment interaction and randomization effect for the participants. Effect sizes will be calculated by subtracting of the modification of each of the outcomes between the patients in the active groups versus active group control, and between both active treatments, divided by the standard deviation of the entire sample.

Conditions

Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity; Preschool Child

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: QUADRUPLE

Study Groups

Methylphenidate-psychoeducational group

Methylphenidate treatment with a initial dosage of 0,3 mg/kg per day (weekly dosage adjustments) and weekly psychoeducational groups for parents during 8 weeks.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Methylphenidate

Intervention Type: DRUG

Methylphenidate treatment with a initial dosage of 0,3 mg/kg per day (weekly dosage adjustments).

Psychoeducational groups for parents

Intervention Type: OTHER

Weekly psychoeducational groups conducted by educators.

Parental training-placebo pill

Weekly parental training conducted by behavioral psychologists and placebo pill during 8 weeks.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Parental training

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Weekly parental training conducted by behavioral psychologists.

Placebo pill

Intervention Type: DRUG

Placebo pill during 8 weeks.

Psychoeducational group-placebo pill

Weekly psychoeducational groups for parents and placebo pill during 8 weeks.

Group Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Psychoeducational groups for parents

Intervention Type: OTHER

Weekly psychoeducational groups conducted by educators.

Placebo pill

Intervention Type: DRUG

Placebo pill during 8 weeks.

Interventions

Methylphenidate

Methylphenidate treatment with a initial dosage of 0,3 mg/kg per day (weekly dosage adjustments).

Intervention Type: DRUG

Parental training

Weekly parental training conducted by behavioral psychologists.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Psychoeducational groups for parents

Weekly psychoeducational groups conducted by educators.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Placebo pill

Placebo pill during 8 weeks.

Intervention Type: DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) diagnosis
• Score above 32 on the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV scale
• Child is registered in a school or day care center
• Children without the use of stimulants or any psychotropic in the last 30 days

Exclusion Criteria

• Intelligence quotient <70
• The presence of clinical condition or history of neurological disorder or head trauma with conscience loss
• The presence of affective and psychotic disorders, as well as autism spectrum disorders.
• The absence of a legal representative with the capacity to understand the study objectives and the instructions related to its participation.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 47 Months
• Maximum Eligible Age: 71 Months
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role: collaborator

University of Sao Paulo

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Guilherme Vanoni Polanczyk, MD PhD

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Guilherme V Polanczyk

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Sao Paulo Medical School

Locations

Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo

São Paulo, , Brazil

Countries

Brazil

References

Sugaya LS, Salum GA, de Sousa Gurgel W, de Morais EM, Del Prette G, Pilatti CD, Dalmaso BB, Leibenluft E, Rohde LA, Polanczyk GV. Efficacy and safety of methylphenidate and behavioural parent training for children aged 3-5 years with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and sham behavioural parent training-controlled trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022 Dec;6(12):845-856. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00279-6. Epub 2022 Oct 26.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 36306807 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

466859/2014-7

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id