Pediatric Crohn's Disease AdalImumab Level-based Optimization Treatment (PAILOT) Trial

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

82 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2015-05-01

Study Completion Date

2019-01-31

Brief Summary

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Objectives: To examine the effect of drug level-based personalized treatment of adalimumab in children with Crohn's disease. Design: A prospective, randomized, open label study. Setting: Pediatric gastroenterology centers. Participants: Children 6 year to 17 years who are diagnosed with CD and are planned to receive adalimumab treatment. Main outcome measures: Pediatric Crohn's Activity Index (PCDAI) at 48 and 72 weeks. Secondary outcome measures: Corticosteroids free remission rates and on adalimumab at 48 and 72 weeks. The effect of routine adalimumab drug monitoring-based treatment on trough levels and anti-adalimumab antibodies during therapy.

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Detailed Description

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The efficacy of adalimumab in inducing and maintaining remission in both adults and children with moderate-to-severe Crohn's Disease has been demonstrated in multiple clinical trials. Despite efforts to optimize treatment, approximately 40% of patients who initially respond to anti-TNF ultimately lose response. Measurement of adalimumab (ADA) drug levels and antibodies to adalimumab (ATAs) in patients has been shown to assist decision making in patients who have lost response during the course of treatment. This approach is based on the observations showing that higher ADA concentrations are associated with higher treatment efficacy and that loss of response is primarily attributed to either undetectable drug levels or to the presence of high titers of ATAs. Existing data is mostly based on retrospective cohort studies, nevertheless, the concept of routine therapeutic drug monitoring in-order to improve efficacy is still evolving. Recently, preliminary results of the Trough level Adapted infliXImab Treatment (TAXIT) study, performed in adult IBD patients, have failed to demonstrate superiority of level-based treatment over clinically-based treatment regarding rates of response over time. Nevertheless, it is premature to conclude that patients do not benefit from a tailored approach as the reported abstract did not stratify patients according to type of disease (CD vs. ulcerative colitis) and as some significant advantages such as reduced rate of antibodies and reduction of CRP were described in the level-based arm. Anti-TNF treatment in pediatric patients may differ from adults due to a higher risk for developing the rare hepatosplenic T cell lymphomas (HSCTL) in young males treated with combination therapy including thiopurines and anti-TNF agents. Concomitant therapy (using immunomodulators, mainly azathioprine) which has demonstrated superiority over mono-therapy has become a standard of care in moderate to severe CD in adults. In-view of the concerns of pediatric gastroenterologist from concomitant therapy-induced adverse events the option to improve efficacy of mono-therapy by guiding it according to drug monitoring is further appealing. Therefore, our aim is to assess the efficacy of routine therapeutic drug monitoring based treatment in pediatric CD patients in a prospective randomized control trial. We hope that this study will further contribute to the understanding of the potential benefits of therapeutic drug monitoring based management in pediatric patients treated with anti-TNF agents.Hypothesis:

We hypothesize that by routine measuring of ADA trough levels and ATAs titers we will achieve higher and stable trough levels resulting in greater corticosteroid free remission rates and decreased LOR rates. We assume that this will be associated with lower frequencies of ATAs. We further assume that the intervention will reduce the need for alteration of treatment schemes by adding immunomodulators or by switching treatment within class or out of class.

Objectives:

This is ADA therapy optimization study in patients starting or receiving ADA due to active disease.

1. Primary Efficacy Objective: To evaluate the effect of routine ADA drug monitoring-based treatment, in comparison to clinically-based monitoring on disease activity.
2. Secondary Objective: To evaluate the effect of routine ADA drug monitoring-based treatment on trough levels and ATAs during therapy.

Conditions

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Crohn's Disease

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Interventional

Adalimumab levels and antibodies will be obtained with every laboratory examination (every 2 months, except for the first 2 visits). Dose or interval adjustment will be performed as followed:when trough levels results taken prior to ADA injection are above 5 µg/ml no change in dosing is required. Detectable levels below 5 µg/ml will result in interval decrease to every week. If levels are still below 5 µg/ml dose will be increased to 40 mg (in patients receiving less than 40 mg). Undetectable levels below 0.3µg/ml will be followed by antibodies (ATAs) measurement. If ATAs are persistently above 8 µg/ml the patient will discontinue the study. If ATAs are below 8 µg/ml ADA intervals will be decreased to every week.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Adalimumab

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligible patients are those who are planned to start Adalimumab (ADA). Patients will be randomized at the first screening visits to either group 1 (interventional) or group 2 (clinical). Eligible patients, will start induction treatment (weeks 0,2) with ADA (\> 40kg 160/80/40 mg every 2 weeks or \< 40 kg 100/50/25 mg for m2 body surface area every 2 weeks). Interventions will start from the 4th injection for responding patients only (based on levels taken prior to the third injection). Responding patients will continue to the maintenance phase in which they will receive ADA every 2 weeks, either 40 mg or 25 mg/m2. At screening, and every 2 months all patients will be examined and have height, weight, PCDAI performed as well as comprehensive laboratory examinations.

Clinical

Adalimumab levels and antibodies will be requested based on physician judgment when there are signs of loss of response (LOR). Dose and interval adjustment will be performed according to clinical measures: Following physician decision trough levels and ATAs will be collected and further adjustment may be considered according to results. Interval adjustment will be performed as described for the interventional arm.

LOR is defined as PCDAI equal or higher than 10 or CRP higher than 0.5 mg/dl (5mg/l) and/or Fecal calprotectin higher than 150 mcg/gr (If lower than 150 at randomization).

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Adalimumab

Eligible patients are those who are planned to start Adalimumab (ADA). Patients will be randomized at the first screening visits to either group 1 (interventional) or group 2 (clinical). Eligible patients, will start induction treatment (weeks 0,2) with ADA (\> 40kg 160/80/40 mg every 2 weeks or \< 40 kg 100/50/25 mg for m2 body surface area every 2 weeks). Interventions will start from the 4th injection for responding patients only (based on levels taken prior to the third injection). Responding patients will continue to the maintenance phase in which they will receive ADA every 2 weeks, either 40 mg or 25 mg/m2. At screening, and every 2 months all patients will be examined and have height, weight, PCDAI performed as well as comprehensive laboratory examinations.

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Humira

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Crohn's disease
2. Age 6-17 (inclusive)
3. Naïve to biologics
4. Informed consent
5. Neg. TB-Test, negative HBV- S Ag
6. Negative stool culture, parasites and clostridium toxin

1. Patients receiving corticosteroids may be included if on taper-down scheduled to be completed by week 10.
2. Partial enteral nutrition, accounting for less than 50% of daily required calories, may be supplied as needed.
3. Patients receiving antibiotics must cease use of antibiotics within the 14 days of receiving the first injection. Excluding immunomodulators (azathioprine/6MP and methotrexate), any other targeted therapy for crohn's disease (i.e 5-ASA) must be stopped prior to ADA first injection. Immunomodulators will be required to be stopped either prior to first ADA injection or at 6 months following ADA initiation.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Pregnancy.
2. Renal Failure.
3. Current abscess or perforation of the bowel.
4. Small bowel obstruction within the last 6 months.
5. Fixed non inflammatory stricture with related symptoms.
7. Prior treatment with infliximab or adalimumab.
8. Previous malignancy.
9. Sepsis or active bacterial infection.
10. Surgery related to Crohn's disease in the previous 8 weeks.
11. Positive Hepatitis B surface antigen or evidence for TB.
12. IBD unclassified.

Minimum Eligible Age

6 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

17 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No