An Observational Study of the Causes, Management, and Outcomes of Community-acquired Sepsis and Severe Sepsis in Southeast Asia
NCT ID: NCT02157259
Last Updated: 2016-02-18
Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Total Enrollment
2250 participants
Study Classification
OBSERVATIONAL
Study Start Date
2013-12-31
Study Completion Date
2016-02-29
Brief Summary
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This is an observational study to identify the etiology, management, and outcome of community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis in children and adults in Southeast Asia. The study will take place in Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia, the partner countries of SEAICRN. Potential study patients will be any patients (both children and adults) who are presented at the hospital with community-acquired sepsis or severe sepsis and require hospitalization.
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Detailed Description
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The study will enroll 2,250 total patients with sepsis or severe sepsis patients up to 2 years of study. 750 patients will be enrolled in each of Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia. There will be 3 sites in each country and some sites will function as cluster/unit sites linking up to 3 hospitals as one 'site' to enable adequate enrollment of both adult and pediatric cases.
Primary objective of the study is to determine the causes of community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis in adult and pediatric subjects across Southeast Asia.
The secondary objectives are as follow:
* To define the current acute management (within the first 48 hours after admission) of subjects presenting with community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis and gaps of current practice as defined by the surviving sepsis campaign 2012. This will provide the basis for designing practical interventions to reduce the mortality of subjects with sepsis and severe sepsis in the future.
* To define the clinical outcomes of community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis in Southeast Asia.
* To identify risk factors associated with sepsis or severe sepsis.
* To determine the extent of antimicrobial resistance in organisms that cause community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis in Southeast Asia and to determine the association between antimicrobial resistance and mortality.
* To evaluate the accuracy of selected rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in determining the causes of community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis compared to well-defined gold standard tests.
As this is an observational study and not a clinical trial, researchers will not be involved in the management, care and treatment of study subjects. This will remain the responsibility of the attending medical staff according to standard of care (SOC) in the participating hospitals. Therefore the research study will not influence patient management. SOC for sepsis and severe sepsis in each subject will be recorded, and will be reported as summary statistics at the end of the study. This will not be used to influence the management and care of sepsis and severe sepsis cases at the participating hospitals during the study period, but will be used to guide the improvement of the SOC after the study is complete.
NOTE: EACH INSTITUTION IN THIS STUDY IS ITS OWN SPONSOR AS LISTED BELOW:
1. Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
2. Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand.
3. Children's Hospital 1 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
4. Children's Hospital 2 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
5. Hospital for Tropical Diseases Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
6. National Hospital for Pediatrics Hanoi, Vietnam.
7. National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam.
8. Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Vietnam.
9. Dr. Wahidin Soedirohusodo Hospital Makassar, Indonesia.
10. Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
11. Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
12. Sappasithiprasong Hospital Ubonratchathani, Thailand
13. Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiangrai Thailand
14. University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Primary objective of the study is to determine the causes of community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis in adult and pediatric subjects across Southeast Asia.
The secondary objectives are as follow:
* To define the current acute management (within the first 48 hours after admission) of subjects presenting with community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis and gaps of current practice as defined by the surviving sepsis campaign 2012. This will provide the basis for designing practical interventions to reduce the mortality of subjects with sepsis and severe sepsis in the future.
* To define the clinical outcomes of community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis in Southeast Asia.
* To identify risk factors associated with sepsis or severe sepsis.
* To determine the extent of antimicrobial resistance in organisms that cause community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis in Southeast Asia and to determine the association between antimicrobial resistance and mortality.
* To evaluate the accuracy of selected rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in determining the causes of community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis compared to well-defined gold standard tests.
As this is an observational study and not a clinical trial, researchers will not be involved in the management, care and treatment of study subjects. This will remain the responsibility of the attending medical staff according to standard of care (SOC) in the participating hospitals. Therefore the research study will not influence patient management. SOC for sepsis and severe sepsis in each subject will be recorded, and will be reported as summary statistics at the end of the study. This will not be used to influence the management and care of sepsis and severe sepsis cases at the participating hospitals during the study period, but will be used to guide the improvement of the SOC after the study is complete.
NOTE: EACH INSTITUTION IN THIS STUDY IS ITS OWN SPONSOR AS LISTED BELOW:
1. Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
2. Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand.
3. Children's Hospital 1 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
4. Children's Hospital 2 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
5. Hospital for Tropical Diseases Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
6. National Hospital for Pediatrics Hanoi, Vietnam.
7. National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam.
8. Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Vietnam.
9. Dr. Wahidin Soedirohusodo Hospital Makassar, Indonesia.
10. Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
11. Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
12. Sappasithiprasong Hospital Ubonratchathani, Thailand
13. Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiangrai Thailand
14. University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Conditions
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Sepsis
Severe Sepsis
Study Design
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Observational Model Type
CASE_ONLY
Study Time Perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
1. Age ≥30 days old and weighing at least 3 kg or more on the day of enrollment into the study
2. Required hospitalization as decided by the attending physician
3. Documented by attending physician that an infection is the primary cause of illness leading to the hospitalization. These can be infections due to any pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites).
4. Presence of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS):
4.1 For adults (≥ 18 years old), any combination of a minimum of any 3 of the following 20 parameters
* Fever or hypothermia (Core body temperature defined as \>38.3 C or \<36.0 C)
* Tachycardia (heart rate \>90 beats per minute)
* Tachypnea (respiratory rate \>20 per minute)
* Arterial hypotension (systolic blood pressure (SBP) \<90 mmHg, mean arterial pressure (MAP) \<70 mmHg, or SBP decrease \>40 mmHg)
* White blood cell (WBC) \>12,000 u/L or \<4000 u/L or immature forms \>10%
* Platelet count \<100,000 u/L
* Altered mental status with Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) \<15
* Hypoxemia (Pulse Oximetry Level \<95)
* Ileus
* Significant edema or positive fluid balance
* Decreased capillary refill or mottling
* Hyperglycemia (plasma glucose \>140 mg/dL) in the absence of diabetes
* Plasma C-reactive protein \>2 SD above the normal value
* Plasma procalcitonin \> 2 SD above the normal value
* Arterial hypoxemia (PaO2 / FIO2 \<300)
* Acute oliguria (urine output \<0.5 mL/kg/hr or 45 mmol/L for 2 hours)
* Creatinine increase \>0.5 mg/dL
* INR \>1.5 or a PTT \>60 seconds
* Plasma total bilirubin \>4 mg/dl or 70 mmol/L
* Hyperlactatemia (\>1 mmol/L)
4.2 For pediatric patients (\>30 days old and \<18 years old), all of the 3 following symptoms:
* Fever or hypothermia (rectal temperature defined as \>38.5 C or \<35.0 C \[or equivalent\])
* Tachycardia (heart rate \>2 SD above the normal value for age). This could be absent in hypothermic subject.
* Tachypnea (respiratory rate \>2 SD above the normal value for age)
AND at least one of the following parameters:
* Altered mental status,(e.g., drowsiness, poor quality of cry, poor reaction to parent stimuli, and poor response to social overtures)
* Systolic blood pressure \<2 SD below the normal value for age OR narrow pulse pressure (\<20 mmHg) OR poor perfusion (capillary refill \>2 sec)
* Hypoxemia (Pulse Oximetry Level \<95)
* White blood cell \>15,000 u/L or \<5,000 u/L or immature forms \>10%.
5. Informed Consent has been obtained.
2. Required hospitalization as decided by the attending physician
3. Documented by attending physician that an infection is the primary cause of illness leading to the hospitalization. These can be infections due to any pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites).
4. Presence of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS):
4.1 For adults (≥ 18 years old), any combination of a minimum of any 3 of the following 20 parameters
* Fever or hypothermia (Core body temperature defined as \>38.3 C or \<36.0 C)
* Tachycardia (heart rate \>90 beats per minute)
* Tachypnea (respiratory rate \>20 per minute)
* Arterial hypotension (systolic blood pressure (SBP) \<90 mmHg, mean arterial pressure (MAP) \<70 mmHg, or SBP decrease \>40 mmHg)
* White blood cell (WBC) \>12,000 u/L or \<4000 u/L or immature forms \>10%
* Platelet count \<100,000 u/L
* Altered mental status with Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) \<15
* Hypoxemia (Pulse Oximetry Level \<95)
* Ileus
* Significant edema or positive fluid balance
* Decreased capillary refill or mottling
* Hyperglycemia (plasma glucose \>140 mg/dL) in the absence of diabetes
* Plasma C-reactive protein \>2 SD above the normal value
* Plasma procalcitonin \> 2 SD above the normal value
* Arterial hypoxemia (PaO2 / FIO2 \<300)
* Acute oliguria (urine output \<0.5 mL/kg/hr or 45 mmol/L for 2 hours)
* Creatinine increase \>0.5 mg/dL
* INR \>1.5 or a PTT \>60 seconds
* Plasma total bilirubin \>4 mg/dl or 70 mmol/L
* Hyperlactatemia (\>1 mmol/L)
4.2 For pediatric patients (\>30 days old and \<18 years old), all of the 3 following symptoms:
* Fever or hypothermia (rectal temperature defined as \>38.5 C or \<35.0 C \[or equivalent\])
* Tachycardia (heart rate \>2 SD above the normal value for age). This could be absent in hypothermic subject.
* Tachypnea (respiratory rate \>2 SD above the normal value for age)
AND at least one of the following parameters:
* Altered mental status,(e.g., drowsiness, poor quality of cry, poor reaction to parent stimuli, and poor response to social overtures)
* Systolic blood pressure \<2 SD below the normal value for age OR narrow pulse pressure (\<20 mmHg) OR poor perfusion (capillary refill \>2 sec)
* Hypoxemia (Pulse Oximetry Level \<95)
* White blood cell \>15,000 u/L or \<5,000 u/L or immature forms \>10%.
5. Informed Consent has been obtained.
Exclusion Criteria
* Admitted to the study site hospital for this current episode for more than 24 hours before enrollment.
* Hospitalized for this current episode for more than 72 hours at another primary/referring hospital.
* Prior to this current episode, the subject was admitted to any hospital within the last 30 days.
* An underlying pre-existing condition is thought to have led to or contributed to this sepsis episode. For example, sepsis is considered to be directly attributable to existing non-infectious conditions such as stroke, cardiovascular diseases, acute myocardial infarction, cancer, burn, injury, and trauma.
* Prior to enrollment, it is documented by the attending physician that hospital acquired infection is associated with the cause of the sepsis or severe sepsis.
* The subject has been enrolled into this study or another sepsis study before.
* Hospitalized for this current episode for more than 72 hours at another primary/referring hospital.
* Prior to this current episode, the subject was admitted to any hospital within the last 30 days.
* An underlying pre-existing condition is thought to have led to or contributed to this sepsis episode. For example, sepsis is considered to be directly attributable to existing non-infectious conditions such as stroke, cardiovascular diseases, acute myocardial infarction, cancer, burn, injury, and trauma.
* Prior to enrollment, it is documented by the attending physician that hospital acquired infection is associated with the cause of the sepsis or severe sepsis.
* The subject has been enrolled into this study or another sepsis study before.
Minimum Eligible Age
30 Days
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
NIH
Sponsor Role
collaborator
FHI 360
OTHER
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Social & Scientific Systems Inc.
INDUSTRY
Sponsor Role
collaborator
University of Oxford
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Responsibility Role
SPONSOR
Principal Investigators
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Direk Limmathurotsakul, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
Locations
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Dr. Sardjito Hospital
Yogyakarta, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Site Status
Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital
Jakarta, DKI Jaya, Indonesia
Site Status
Universitas Hasanuddin
Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Site Status
Dr. Wahidin Soedirohusodo
Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Site Status
Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
Site Status
Pediatric Unit Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
Site Status
Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health
Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
Site Status
Sappasitthiprasong Hospital
Ubon Ratchathani, Changwat Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
Site Status
Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital
Chiangrai, Chiangrai, Thailand
Site Status
National Hospital of Paediatric
Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam
Site Status
National Hospital of Tropical Diseases
Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam
Site Status
Children Hospital 1
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Site Status
Children Hospital 2
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Site Status
Hospital of Tropical Diseases
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Site Status
Hue Central Hospital
Huế, Hue City, Vietnam
Site Status
Countries
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Indonesia
Thailand
Vietnam
References
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Hoa NT, Diep TS, Wain J, Parry CM, Hien TT, Smith MD, Walsh AL, White NJ. Community-acquired septicaemia in southern Viet Nam: the importance of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1998 Sep-Oct;92(5):503-8. doi: 10.1016/s0035-9203(98)90891-4.
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Wijedoru LP, Kumar V, Chanpheaktra N, Chheng K, Smits HL, Pastoor R, Nga TV, Baker S, Wuthiekanun V, Peacock SJ, Putchhat H, Parry CM. Typhoid fever among hospitalized febrile children in Siem Reap, Cambodia. J Trop Pediatr. 2012 Feb;58(1):68-70. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmr032. Epub 2011 Apr 20.
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Suputtamongkol Y, Hall AJ, Dance DA, Chaowagul W, Rajchanuvong A, Smith MD, White NJ. The epidemiology of melioidosis in Ubon Ratchatani, northeast Thailand. Int J Epidemiol. 1994 Oct;23(5):1082-90. doi: 10.1093/ije/23.5.1082.
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World Health Organization (2008) The global burden of disease: 2004 update.
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Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, Engoru C, Olupot-Olupot P, Akech SO, Nyeko R, Mtove G, Reyburn H, Lang T, Brent B, Evans JA, Tibenderana JK, Crawley J, Russell EC, Levin M, Babiker AG, Gibb DM; FEAST Trial Group. Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med. 2011 Jun 30;364(26):2483-95. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1101549. Epub 2011 May 26.
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BACKGROUND
Cheng AC, West TE, Limmathurotsakul D, Peacock SJ. Strategies to reduce mortality from bacterial sepsis in adults in developing countries. PLoS Med. 2008 Aug 19;5(8):e175. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050175.
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Suttinont C, Losuwanaluk K, Niwatayakul K, Hoontrakul S, Intaranongpai W, Silpasakorn S, Suwancharoen D, Panlar P, Saisongkorh W, Rolain JM, Raoult D, Suputtamongkol Y. Causes of acute, undifferentiated, febrile illness in rural Thailand: results of a prospective observational study. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2006 Jun;100(4):363-70. doi: 10.1179/136485906X112158.
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Gasem MH, Wagenaar JF, Goris MG, Adi MS, Isbandrio BB, Hartskeerl RA, Rolain JM, Raoult D, van Gorp EC. Murine typhus and leptospirosis as causes of acute undifferentiated fever, Indonesia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Jun;15(6):975-7. doi: 10.3201/eid1506.081405.
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Phongmany S, Rolain JM, Phetsouvanh R, Blacksell SD, Soukkhaseum V, Rasachack B, Phiasakha K, Soukkhaseum S, Frichithavong K, Chu V, Keolouangkhot V, Martinez-Aussel B, Chang K, Darasavath C, Rattanavong O, Sisouphone S, Mayxay M, Vidamaly S, Parola P, Thammavong C, Heuangvongsy M, Syhavong B, Raoult D, White NJ, Newton PN. Rickettsial infections and fever, Vientiane, Laos. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Feb;12(2):256-62. doi: 10.3201/eid1202.050900.
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BACKGROUND
Limmathurotsakul D, Wongratanacheewin S, Teerawattanasook N, Wongsuvan G, Chaisuksant S, Chetchotisakd P, Chaowagul W, Day NP, Peacock SJ. Increasing incidence of human melioidosis in Northeast Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Jun;82(6):1113-7. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0038.
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BACKGROUND
Bhengsri S, Baggett HC, Jorakate P, Kaewpan A, Prapasiri P, Naorat S, Thamthitiwat S, Tanwisaid K, Chantra S, Salika P, Dejsirilert S, Peruski LF, Maloney SA. Incidence of bacteremic melioidosis in eastern and northeastern Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Jul;85(1):117-20. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0070.
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BACKGROUND
Hashairi F, Hasan H, Azlan K, Deris ZZ. An eight-year review of blood culture and susceptibility among sepsis cases in an emergency department in Northeastern Malaysia. Trop Biomed. 2011 Dec;28(3):599-605.
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BACKGROUND
Deen J, von Seidlein L, Andersen F, Elle N, White NJ, Lubell Y. Community-acquired bacterial bloodstream infections in developing countries in south and southeast Asia: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012 Jun;12(6):480-7. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70028-2.
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Angkasekwinai N, Rattanaumpawan P, Thamlikitkul V. Epidemiology of sepsis in Siriraj Hospital 2007. J Med Assoc Thai. 2009 Mar;92 Suppl 2:S68-78.
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Dellinger RP, Carlet JM, Masur H, Gerlach H, Calandra T, Cohen J, Gea-Banacloche J, Keh D, Marshall JC, Parker MM, Ramsay G, Zimmerman JL, Vincent JL, Levy MM; Surviving Sepsis Campaign Management Guidelines Committee. Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2004 Mar;32(3):858-73. doi: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000117317.18092.e4.
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BACKGROUND
Phua J, Koh Y, Du B, Tang YQ, Divatia JV, Tan CC, Gomersall CD, Faruq MO, Shrestha BR, Gia Binh N, Arabi YM, Salahuddin N, Wahyuprajitno B, Tu ML, Wahab AY, Hameed AA, Nishimura M, Procyshyn M, Chan YH; MOSAICS Study Group. Management of severe sepsis in patients admitted to Asian intensive care units: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2011 Jun 13;342:d3245. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d3245.
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Khwannimit B, Bhurayanontachai R. The epidemiology of, and risk factors for, mortality from severe sepsis and septic shock in a tertiary-care university hospital setting. Epidemiol Infect. 2009 Sep;137(9):1333-41. doi: 10.1017/S0950268809002027. Epub 2009 Feb 4.
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BACKGROUND
Kanoksil M, Jatapai A, Peacock SJ, Limmathurotsakul D. Epidemiology, microbiology and mortality associated with community-acquired bacteremia in northeast Thailand: a multicenter surveillance study. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54714. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054714. Epub 2013 Jan 18.
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Hof H. An update on the medical management of listeriosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004 Aug;5(8):1727-35. doi: 10.1517/14656566.5.8.1727.
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Temple ME, Nahata MC. Treatment of listeriosis. Ann Pharmacother. 2000 May;34(5):656-61. doi: 10.1345/aph.19315.
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Hof H. Listeriosis: therapeutic options. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2003 Apr 1;35(3):203-5. doi: 10.1016/S0928-8244(02)00466-2.
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Personal communication with Professor Jeremy Farrar, Director, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
West TE CN, Chierakul W, Limmathurotsakul D, Wuthiekanun V, Myers ND, Emond MJ, Wurfel MM, Hawn TR, Peacock SJ, Skerrett SJ. A hypofunctional TLR5 is genetic variant is associated with survival in meliodosis. 2011
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lie KC, Lau CY, Van Vinh Chau N, West TE, Limmathurotsakul D; for Southeast Asia Infectious Disease Clinical Research Network. Utility of SOFA score, management and outcomes of sepsis in Southeast Asia: a multinational multicenter prospective observational study. J Intensive Care. 2018 Feb 14;6:9. doi: 10.1186/s40560-018-0279-7. eCollection 2018.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Southeast Asia Infectious Disease Clinical Research Network. Causes and outcomes of sepsis in southeast Asia: a multinational multicentre cross-sectional study. Lancet Glob Health. 2017 Feb;5(2):e157-e167. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30007-4.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Other Identifiers
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SEA-050 Sepsis Study
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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