Effects of Analgesic Techniques on Duration of Spontaneously Laboring Patients

NCT ID: NCT01982838

Last Updated: 2014-03-11

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

129 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2010-07-31

Study Completion Date

2014-03-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a difference in the duration of the first stage of labor in nulliparous women in spontaneous labor with whom analgesia is maintained with a combined spinal epidural (CSE) technique versus nulliparous women in spontaneous labor with whom an epidural de novo technique is utilized. The investigators hypothesize that the duration of the first stage of labor will be no different in nulliparous patients who receive either intrathecal fentanyl or intrathecal fentanyl and bupivacaine, as part of a CSE technique. However, the duration of the first stage of labor will be shorter in parturients who receive intrathecal analgesia (as part of a CSE technique) compared to those who receive an epidural de novo technique with fentanyl and bupivacaine.

Detailed Description

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At the first request for neuraxial labor analgesia, the cervix will be examined. If \< 4.0 cm, the patient will be randomized to either Combined spinal epidural (CSE) technique with intrathecal fentanyl, CSE technique with intrathecal bupivacaine and fentanyl, or epidural de novo technique.

Labor analgesia will be administered in the sitting position, at either the L2-3 or L3-4 interspace. All patients will receive a 500mL intravenous bolus of Lactated Ringer's solution. The epidural space will be located using the loss-of-resistance technique utilizing a 17-G Tuohy epidural needle. Patients assigned to an intrathecal dose will utilize the standard needle-through-needle technique. A 19-G epidural catheter will be inserted 5 cm in the epidural space and maintenance epidural analgesia will be initiated. Patients assigned to an epidural de novo technique will have the epidural space identified with a similar loss-of-resistance technique. The epidural catheter will be inserted 5 cm into the epidural space. Epidural analgesia will be initiated with fentanyl 100mcg + bupivacaine 0.125% 10-20 mL (in divided doses). Maintenance epidural analgesia will then be initiated.

Maintenance epidural analgesia will consist of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with bupivacaine 0.0625% and fentanyl 1.95 mcg/mL at the following parameters: basal rate of 8 mL/hr with bolus dose = 8 mL, lock-out interval = 10 min and maximum volume = 32 mL/hr.

Breakthrough pain in all groups will be managed using anesthesiologist administered epidural boluses of bupivacaine 1.25 mg/mL, 10-15mL, without fentanyl. If instrumental vaginal delivery is required, patients will receive anesthesiologist administered epidural boluses of chloroprocaine 30 mg/mL, 5-10 mL. If a patient does not have an adequate level of analgesia or has a one-sided block, despite epidural redoses, the epidural catheter will be replaced at another level and 0.125% bupivacaine 5-15 mL will be administered until an adequate level of analgesia is established.

Because the primary outcome of the study is duration of first stage of labor, regular cervical examinations are necessary. Typically, full cervical dilation is diagnosed with a cervical examination only when the patient complains of rectal pressure, which is likely to be at a later time period in women with effective neuraxial analgesia compared to women with systemic opioid analgesia. Therefore, the duration of the first stage of labor will be artificially prolonged if regular cervical exams are not performed. The investigators intend to perform sterile cervical examinations at the first request for labor analgesia, then at routine times during the course of labor per the managing OB provider's discretion, and then every 2 hours after the patient reaches 90-100% cervical effacement until complete cervical dilation.

Fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings without information about group assignment or other treatment modalities will be assessed by a perinatologist. In addition to analyzing FHR tracings for all included participants, the investigators also plan on analyzing plasma epinephrine levels which will be drawn in each subgroup of patients.

Prior to placement of neuraxial technique, those patients included in this section of the study will have a sample of venous blood drawn. A second sample of venous blood will be redrawn 15 minutes and 30 minutes after the intrathecal dose or after initial epidural bolus. All three samples will then be analyzed for plasma epinephrine concentrations. These results will be compared with the FHR tracing analyses to see if there is any correlation.

Conditions

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Effects of; Anesthesia, in Labor and Delivery Pregnancy Prolonged First Stage of Labor

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Group E

Epidural de novo technique

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Epidural de novo

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Patients will have the epidural space identified with a loss-of-resistance technique utilizing a 17-G Tuohy epidural needle. The epidural catheter will be inserted 5 cm into the epidural space. Epidural analgesia will be initiated with fentanyl 100mcg + bupivacaine 0.125% 10-20 mL (in divided doses). Maintenance epidural analgesia will then be initiated.

Group BF

Combined spinal epidural (CSE) technique with intrathecal 0.5% Bupivicaine 2.5mg + Fentanyl 15mcg

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

CSE

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

The epidural space will be located using the loss-of-resistance technique utilizing a 17-G Tuohy epidural needle. Patients will receive the intrathecal study drug via a 27-G pencil-point spinal needle utilizing the standard needle-through-needle technique. A 19-G epidural catheter will be inserted 5 cm in the epidural space. Maintenance epidural analgesia will then be initiated.

Group F

Combined spinal epidural (CSE) technique with intrathecal fentanyl 25mcg

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

CSE

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

The epidural space will be located using the loss-of-resistance technique utilizing a 17-G Tuohy epidural needle. Patients will receive the intrathecal study drug via a 27-G pencil-point spinal needle utilizing the standard needle-through-needle technique. A 19-G epidural catheter will be inserted 5 cm in the epidural space. Maintenance epidural analgesia will then be initiated.

Interventions

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Epidural de novo

Patients will have the epidural space identified with a loss-of-resistance technique utilizing a 17-G Tuohy epidural needle. The epidural catheter will be inserted 5 cm into the epidural space. Epidural analgesia will be initiated with fentanyl 100mcg + bupivacaine 0.125% 10-20 mL (in divided doses). Maintenance epidural analgesia will then be initiated.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

CSE

The epidural space will be located using the loss-of-resistance technique utilizing a 17-G Tuohy epidural needle. Patients will receive the intrathecal study drug via a 27-G pencil-point spinal needle utilizing the standard needle-through-needle technique. A 19-G epidural catheter will be inserted 5 cm in the epidural space. Maintenance epidural analgesia will then be initiated.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Nulliparous,
* American Society of Anesthesia Physical Status (ASA) 2 females
* \>18 years-old
* term (\>37 weeks gestation)
* singleton
* vertex pregnancies
* spontaneous labor or spontaneous rupture of membranes

Exclusion Criteria

* Non-vertex presentation
* induction of labor
* contraindication to opioid or neuraxial analgesia
* contraindication to combine spinal-epidural technique (e.g. unfavorable airway exam)
* cervical dilation \> 4.0 cm
* administration of systemic hydromorphone within 4 hours of epidural request
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

45 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Northwestern University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Christopher Cambic

Assistant Professor in Anesthesiology

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Christopher Cambic, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Northwestern University

Locations

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Northwestern Memoral Hospital

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Other Identifiers

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STU00031086

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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