Executive Functions and Self-Regulation Among Children With and Without ADHD in Germany and Taiwan

NCT ID: NCT01677832

Last Updated: 2021-09-02

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Total Enrollment: 180 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2012-01-01
• Study Completion Date: 2014-12-31

Brief Summary

Children and adolescents with ADHD are impulsive and have difficulties in regulating their behaviors. It has been suggested that a core deficit in inhibitory control may account for dysfunctional behaviors associated with this disorder. Previous research has shown that medication and the self-regulation strategy of making implementation intentions (i.e., if-then plans) are effective in enhancing children's inhibitory control, which is reflected in the behavioral as well as electrophysiological (e.g., Electroencephalogram; EEG) data on a Go/NoGo task in children with ADHD. As suggested by earlier research, however, forming implementation intentions may have different effects on people who are embedded in different cultures.

The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of medication and the self-regulation of forming implementation intentions by assessing the behavioral performance and corresponding brain activity during a Go/NoGo task in children and adolescents with and without ADHD under two different cultural contexts. Further, this study also aims at investigating the potential moderating effects of culture on making if-then plans. More important, as we know, this will be the first study to compare the effectiveness of forming implementation intentions on children and adolescents with ADHD in a cross-cultural way, which is meaningful for researchers to explore the degree of its application and expected to provide clinical psychologists an alternative perspective for ADHD treatment in the near future.

Detailed Description

For a deeper understanding of the mechanism underlying the effects of MPH and implementation intentions, neurophysiological data (with a special interest on the P300 component) during a Go/NoGo task will be assessed additionally to the behavioral performance (i.e., response times and error rates). Meanwhile, the information may contribute to a better understanding of a potential influence of culture on the effect of implementation intentions. The effect may be equally effective in the cultures, but the underlying processes might still differ. On the other hand, differences between the two cultural groups might be explained by different neurophysiological activity during the tasks.

Two primary research questions arise: (1) Are MPH and implementation intentions (i.e., if-then plans) effective in enhancing the performance of executive function tasks measured by the Go/NoGo task in children and adolescents with ADHD compared with those without ADHD within each culture? (2) Does culture play a role in moderating the effect of implementation intentions on executive function tasks in children and adolescents with ADHD, respectively? Based on the research questions, two hypotheses are formulated. First, after the treatment of MPH and the self-regulation strategy of forming implementation intentions, it would result in less inhibition errors and more increased amplitudes of NoGo P300 and NoGominusGo P300 in children and adolescents with ADHD. Second, participants with ADHD in Taiwan may benefit more from the self-regulation strategy, which is reflected in more increased amplitudes of NoGo P300 and NoGominusGo P300 than found in their counterparts in Germany. However, since this is the first study to compare the effects of forming implementation intentions in a cross-cultural way, this latter analysis is more exploratory.

Conditions

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: OTHER
• Study Time Perspective: OTHER

Study Groups

ADHD/Taiwan

No interventions assigned to this group

Control/Taiwan

No interventions assigned to this group

ADHD/Germany

No interventions assigned to this group

Control/Germany

No interventions assigned to this group

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Participants with ADHD have to meet the criteria of ICD-10 (WHO, 1991) before enrolment.
• Participants with ADHD are diagnosed with ADHD combined subtype.
• Ages range from 10 to 14 when we conduct the study.
• IQ full score ≥ 80.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 10 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 14 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

National Taiwan University Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Statistical Center, NTUHCTC

Susan Shur-Fen Gau

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Susan Shur-Fen Gau, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine

Locations

National Taiwan Univeristy Hospital

Taipei, , Taiwan

Countries

Taiwan

Other Identifiers

201201062RIB

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id