Training, Detraining, Retraining and Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

NCT ID: NCT01580475

Last Updated: 2012-04-19

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

13 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2008-09-30

Study Completion Date

2010-06-30

Brief Summary

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* This study examine the effects of training, detraining and retraining, using a combined strength and aerobic exercise program, on physiological parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes.
* Thirteen women with type 2 diabetes followed a supervised aerobic and strength training program for 9 months, interrupted for 3 months (detraining) and resumed again for a period of 9 months (retraining).
* Training improved body mass index, fasting plasma glucose,postprandial glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, peak oxygen consumption,power output and total muscle strength. Detraining reversed PPG, HbA1C and physical fitness parameters. Resumption of training however, improved further the initial training adaptations.
* Diabetic patients should follow a regular and uninterrupted exercise program throughout life in order to control glucose metabolism and improve health status.

Detailed Description

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During the last decades, the positive effects of aerobic exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes have been well documented. Recently, resistance exercise has gained popularity in diabetic patients since several studies have indicated that this type of training is safe and induces favorable adaptations in physical fitness and metabolic profile. According to recent scientific evidence, a complete rehabilitation program for patients with type 2 diabetes should combine both strength and aerobic exercise; thus the American Diabetic Association in their latest guidelines recommends strength training as part of an exercise program at least two times a week.

On the contrary to the well documented effects of physical training, there is lack of data on the negative alterations of detraining in patients with type 2 diabetes. The partial or complete loss of training-induced adaptations as a consequence of training reduction or cessation is well-documented by several detraining studies in healthy subjects, older individuals and patients with coronary artery disease.

For example, the investigators know that even 6 days of physical inactivity reduces insulin action in well-trained runners which is attributed to the significant reduction in the muscle GLUT-4 level. Factors such as illness, injury, travel or vacation may interrupt the training process for longer periods, affecting the treatment in people with type 2 diabetes. For this population, it is important to quantify changes in physiological and metabolic parameters resulting from the cessation of exercise, since exercise training is a major therapeutic method.

To the best of our knowledge, there is no data concerning the loss of physiological adaptations which occurs after exercise cessation in patients with type 2 diabetes, which have previously trained for a long period of time. The current study evaluated the effects of three months of detraining after nine months of a combined strength and aerobic training program on glycemic control, body composition, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and muscular strength in patients with type 2 diabetes. Further, the investigators examined the extent of the regained adaptations after the resumption of training for a period of nine months.

Conditions

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Type 2 Diabetes

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Investigators

Study Groups

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Lifestyle (exercise training)

Training, detraining and retraining

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Training - detraining - retraining

Intervention Type OTHER

Thirteen women with type 2 diabetes followed a supervised aerobic and strength training program for 9 months, interrupted for 3 months (detraining) and resumed again for a period of 9 months (retraining).

Interventions

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Training - detraining - retraining

Thirteen women with type 2 diabetes followed a supervised aerobic and strength training program for 9 months, interrupted for 3 months (detraining) and resumed again for a period of 9 months (retraining).

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Type 2 diabetes
* without micro- and macroangiopathy

Exclusion Criteria

* type 1 diabetes
* cardiovascular disease,
* confirmed retinopathy/nephropathy/neuropathy,
* uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1c\>10%).
Minimum Eligible Age

45 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Democritus University of Thrace

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Savvas P. Tokmakidis, Ph.D.

Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Savvas P. Tokmakidis, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Democritus University of Thrace

Locations

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Savvas P. Tokmakidis

Komotini, , Greece

Site Status

Countries

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Greece

References

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Tokmakidis SP, Zois CE, Volaklis KA, Kotsa K, Touvra AM. The effects of a combined strength and aerobic exercise program on glucose control and insulin action in women with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004 Aug;92(4-5):437-42. doi: 10.1007/s00421-004-1174-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15232701 (View on PubMed)

Tokmakidis SP, Volaklis KA. Training and detraining effects of a combined-strength and aerobic exercise program on blood lipids in patients with coronary artery disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2003 May-Jun;23(3):193-200. doi: 10.1097/00008483-200305000-00006.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12782903 (View on PubMed)

Tokmakidis SP, Spassis AT, Volaklis KA. Training, detraining and retraining effects after a water-based exercise program in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiology. 2008;111(4):257-64. doi: 10.1159/000127737. Epub 2008 Apr 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18434735 (View on PubMed)

American College of Sports Medicine; American Dietetic Association; Dietitians of Canada. Joint Position Statement: nutrition and athletic performance. American College of Sports Medicine, American Dietetic Association, and Dietitians of Canada. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Dec;32(12):2130-45. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200012000-00025.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11128862 (View on PubMed)

Castaneda C, Layne JE, Munoz-Orians L, Gordon PL, Walsmith J, Foldvari M, Roubenoff R, Tucker KL, Nelson ME. A randomized controlled trial of resistance exercise training to improve glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002 Dec;25(12):2335-41. doi: 10.2337/diacare.25.12.2335.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12453982 (View on PubMed)

Dunstan DW, Daly RM, Owen N, Jolley D, De Courten M, Shaw J, Zimmet P. High-intensity resistance training improves glycemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002 Oct;25(10):1729-36. doi: 10.2337/diacare.25.10.1729.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12351469 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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1328-5 PYTHAGORAS II

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

EPEAEK - PYTHAGORAS II

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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