Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
42 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2011-10-31
2012-09-30
Brief Summary
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Hypothesis: providing patients with financial incentives can promote healthier behaviors (e.g.: eating healthier).
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Detailed Description
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The primary aim of this project is to generate preliminary evidence of the efficacy of two financial incentive structures in promoting the allocation of a greater percentage of ones grocery budget to the purchase of fresh fruits and vegetables (hereafter, produce). Secondary aims are to evaluate these interventions effects on (1) self-reported consumption of produce, and (2) weight. Salutary goals of this pilot study are to document feasibility of using Price Plus cards for incentive studies, and to expand the functionality of the Way Health platform.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
DOUBLE
Study Groups
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Usual Care arm
Participants will have access through the Way to Health portal to web-based educational materials and recipes related to healthy eating. They will be informed they will receive up to $50 in reimbursements for completing the surveys that are part of the Way To Eat program as follows: $20 for completing the intake questionnaire and weigh-in and $30 reimbursements for completing the exit questionnaire and weigh-in.
Usual Care
Participants will have access through the Way to Health portal to web-based educational materials and recipes related to healthy eating. They will be informed they will receive up to $50 in reimbursements for completing the surveys that are part of the Way To Eat program as follows: $20 for completing the intake questionnaire and weigh-in and $30 reimbursements for completing the exit questionnaire and weigh-in.
Information provision intervention
Participants in the Information provision group will receive the same care as those in the Usual Care arm. In addition, the Information provision group participants will receive weekly reminders about the benefits of eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day and their Way to Health portal will provide graphical depictions of their produce purchase proportions through information from their Price Plus card. This data will be available to them throughout the entire intervention.
Information provision intervention
Participant will have access to weekly data showing how much produce they are purchasing. No incentives will be given under this arm. They will also receiving information on weekly purchases, online resources, and weekly reminders on eating healthy.
Information provision + flat incentive
Participants assigned to the Information provision + flat group will earn back 15% of what they spent on groceries for the week if they spend at least 15% of their total grocery budget on fresh produce in addition to receiving the same treatment as the Information provision arm.
information provision + flat incentive
Participants will earn back 15% of what they spent on groceries for the week if they spend at least 15% of their total grocery budget on fresh produce in addition to receiving the same treatment as the IP arm. They will also receiving information on weekly purchases, online resources, and weekly reminders on eating healthy.
Information provision + tiered incentive
In addition to receiving all features of the Information provision treatment the participants assigned to the Information provision + tiered incentive group would earn back increasing percentages of their grocery spending for meeting increasing targets of produce consumption. In this arm, the more participants spend on produce the more money they can earn back.
Information provision + tiered incentive
In addition to receiving information on weekly purchases, online resources, and weekly reminders on eating healthy the participants assigned to the IP + tiered incentive group would earn back increasing percentages of their grocery spending for meeting increasing targets of produce consumption.
Interventions
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Information provision intervention
Participant will have access to weekly data showing how much produce they are purchasing. No incentives will be given under this arm. They will also receiving information on weekly purchases, online resources, and weekly reminders on eating healthy.
information provision + flat incentive
Participants will earn back 15% of what they spent on groceries for the week if they spend at least 15% of their total grocery budget on fresh produce in addition to receiving the same treatment as the IP arm. They will also receiving information on weekly purchases, online resources, and weekly reminders on eating healthy.
Information provision + tiered incentive
In addition to receiving information on weekly purchases, online resources, and weekly reminders on eating healthy the participants assigned to the IP + tiered incentive group would earn back increasing percentages of their grocery spending for meeting increasing targets of produce consumption.
Usual Care
Participants will have access through the Way to Health portal to web-based educational materials and recipes related to healthy eating. They will be informed they will receive up to $50 in reimbursements for completing the surveys that are part of the Way To Eat program as follows: $20 for completing the intake questionnaire and weigh-in and $30 reimbursements for completing the exit questionnaire and weigh-in.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Have regular internet access
* Spend at least $30 per household member per week on groceries
* Spend 10% or less of their grocery budget on produce
* 18 years of age or older
* weekly grocery shoppers
Exclusion Criteria
* Plan to stop shopping at Brown's Super Stores in the next 4 months
* Plan to stop using their Price Plus card in the next 4 months
* Receive any assistance like SNAP or WIC
18 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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National Institute on Aging (NIA)
NIH
University of Pennsylvania
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Scott Halpern
Assistant Professor of Medicine (Pulmonary & Critical Care) and Epidemiology Deputy Director, Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics
Principal Investigators
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Scott D Halpern, MD, Ph.D.
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Pennsylvania
Kathryn A Saulsgiver, MS, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Pennsylvania
Locations
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University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Countries
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References
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Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Sacks FM, Bray GA, Vogt TM, Cutler JA, Windhauser MM, Lin PH, Karanja N. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1997 Apr 17;336(16):1117-24. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199704173361601.
Lin, B. Diet Quality Usually Varies by Income Status. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Amber Wave, 3(5), 2005.
Morland K, Wing S, Diez Roux A, Poole C. Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places. Am J Prev Med. 2002 Jan;22(1):23-9. doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(01)00403-2.
Blisard, N & Stewart, H. Food Spending in American Households, 2003-04. Economic Information Bulletin 59033, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service 2007.
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Basiotis, PP, Carlson, A, Gerrior, SA, Juan, WY, & Lino, M. Nutrition Insight 28: Report Card on the Quality of Americans' Diets. Family Economics and Nutrition Review 16(2): 66-68, 2004.
Garasky, S, Morton, LW, & Greder, K. The Food Environment and Food Insecurity: Perceptions of Rural, Suburban, and Urban Food Pantry Clients in Iowa. Family Economics and Nutrition Review 16(2): 41-48, 2004.
Seymour JD, Yaroch AL, Serdula M, Blanck HM, Khan LK. Impact of nutrition environmental interventions on point-of-purchase behavior in adults: a review. Prev Med. 2004 Sep;39 Suppl 2:S108-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.002.
Kristal AR, Goldenhar L, Muldoon J, Morton RF. Evaluation of a supermarket intervention to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables. Am J Health Promot. 1997 Jul-Aug;11(6):422-5. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-11.6.422.
French SA, Wechsler H. School-based research and initiatives: fruit and vegetable environment, policy, and pricing workshop. Prev Med. 2004 Sep;39 Suppl 2:S101-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.10.007.
Glanz K, Hoelscher D. Increasing fruit and vegetable intake by changing environments, policy and pricing: restaurant-based research, strategies, and recommendations. Prev Med. 2004 Sep;39 Suppl 2:S88-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.03.002.
French SA, Jeffery RW, Story M, Breitlow KK, Baxter JS, Hannan P, Snyder MP. Pricing and promotion effects on low-fat vending snack purchases: the CHIPS Study. Am J Public Health. 2001 Jan;91(1):112-7. doi: 10.2105/ajph.91.1.112.
Basiotis, PP, Carlson, A, Gerrior, SA, Juan, WY, & Lino, M. The Healthy Eating Index: 1999-2000. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. CNPP-12, 2002
Lin, BH, Yen, ST, Dong, D, & Smallwood, DM. Economic incentives for dietary improvement among food stamp recipients. Contemporary Economic Policy 28 (4): 524-536, 2010
He FJ, Nowson CA, Lucas M, MacGregor GA. Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables is related to a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Hum Hypertens. 2007 Sep;21(9):717-28. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002212. Epub 2007 Apr 19.
Mann J, Aune D. Can specific fruits and vegetables prevent diabetes? BMJ. 2010 Aug 18;341:c4395. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c4395. No abstract available.
Brown L, Rimm EB, Seddon JM, Giovannucci EL, Chasan-Taber L, Spiegelman D, Willett WC, Hankinson SE. A prospective study of carotenoid intake and risk of cataract extraction in US men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;70(4):517-24. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/70.4.517.
Christen WG, Liu S, Schaumberg DA, Buring JE. Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cataract in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jun;81(6):1417-22. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.6.1417.
Drewnowski A. The cost of US foods as related to their nutritive value. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Nov;92(5):1181-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29300. Epub 2010 Aug 18.
Halpern SD, Karlawish JH, Casarett D, Berlin JA, Asch DA. Empirical assessment of whether moderate payments are undue or unjust inducements for participation in clinical trials. Arch Intern Med. 2004 Apr 12;164(7):801-3. doi: 10.1001/archinte.164.7.801.
Halpern SD, Raz A, Kohn R, Rey M, Asch DA, Reese P. Regulated payments for living kidney donation: an empirical assessment of the ethical concerns. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Mar 16;152(6):358-65. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-152-6-201003160-00005.
Other Identifiers
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WTE-814279
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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