Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
UNKNOWN
Total Enrollment
1261 participants
Study Classification
OBSERVATIONAL
Study Start Date
2008-01-31
Study Completion Date
2019-09-30
Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to document the rates of youth baseball player demographics, incidence of arm pain, usage of different pitch types, and degree of internal rotation contracture in the throwing versus the non-throwing shoulder. We followed a subgroup of players for a year to see if a particular stretch would help reduce the internal rotation contracture.
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Detailed Description
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Introduction: Overhead throwing can cause contracture of the shoulder posterior-inferior glenohumeral ligament which can lead to injuries such as superior labral tears. We show that instruction on stretching can favorably alter progression of posterior contractures.
Methods: 1261 male baseball players ages 7-15 completed a questionnaire and shoulder examinations. Measurements of rotation of both shoulders were made with the subjects in the supine position with the scapula stabilized. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) was calculated. Pitch type and player position, among other variables, were recorded. The prospective cohort was 175 players who were examined twice a year apart. Players with excessive GIRD (exGIRD) were given stretching instruction, and the control group was those without exGIRD who were not given instruction. Change in GIRD as a result of this intervention was documented.
Methods: 1261 male baseball players ages 7-15 completed a questionnaire and shoulder examinations. Measurements of rotation of both shoulders were made with the subjects in the supine position with the scapula stabilized. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) was calculated. Pitch type and player position, among other variables, were recorded. The prospective cohort was 175 players who were examined twice a year apart. Players with excessive GIRD (exGIRD) were given stretching instruction, and the control group was those without exGIRD who were not given instruction. Change in GIRD as a result of this intervention was documented.
Conditions
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Shoulder Posterior Capsular Contracture
Study Design
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Observational Model Type
COHORT
Study Time Perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* male
* baseball player
* ages 8 to 15
* baseball player
* ages 8 to 15
Exclusion Criteria
* female (suspected hormonal/gender influences on capsular elasticity)
* prior throwing arm surgery
* prior throwing arm surgery
Minimum Eligible Age
8 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
15 Years
Eligible Sex
MALE
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Sponsors
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Metzger, Charles, M.D.
INDIV
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Charles Metzger, M.D.
Associate Program Director
Responsibility Role
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Principal Investigators
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Charles L Metzger, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Memorial Hermann Health System
References
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Lyman S, Fleisig GS. Baseball injuries. Med Sport Sci. 2005;49:9-30. doi: 10.1159/000085340.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Kerut EK, Kerut DG, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR. Prevention of arm injury in youth baseball pitchers. J La State Med Soc. 2008 Mar-Apr;160(2):95-8.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Awan R, Smith J, Boon AJ. Measuring shoulder internal rotation range of motion: a comparison of 3 techniques. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 Sep;83(9):1229-34. doi: 10.1053/apmr.2002.34815.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lyman S, Fleisig GS, Waterbor JW, Funkhouser EM, Pulley L, Andrews JR, Osinski ED, Roseman JM. Longitudinal study of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Nov;33(11):1803-10. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200111000-00002.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lyman S, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Osinski ED. Effect of pitch type, pitch count, and pitching mechanics on risk of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2002 Jul-Aug;30(4):463-8. doi: 10.1177/03635465020300040201.
Reference Type
RESULT
Dun S, Loftice J, Fleisig GS, Kingsley D, Andrews JR. A biomechanical comparison of youth baseball pitches: is the curveball potentially harmful? Am J Sports Med. 2008 Apr;36(4):686-92. doi: 10.1177/0363546507310074. Epub 2007 Nov 30.
Reference Type
RESULT
Fleisig GS, Weber A, Hassell N, Andrews JR. Prevention of elbow injuries in youth baseball pitchers. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2009 Sep-Oct;8(5):250-4. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181b7ee5f.
Reference Type
RESULT
Nissen CW, Westwell M, Ounpuu S, Patel M, Solomito M, Tate J. A biomechanical comparison of the fastball and curveball in adolescent baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2009 Aug;37(8):1492-8. doi: 10.1177/0363546509333264. Epub 2009 May 15.
Reference Type
RESULT
Dwelly PM, Tripp BL, Tripp PA, Eberman LE, Gorin S. Glenohumeral rotational range of motion in collegiate overhead-throwing athletes during an athletic season. J Athl Train. 2009 Nov-Dec;44(6):611-6. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-44.6.611.
Reference Type
RESULT
Bach HG, Goldberg BA. Posterior capsular contracture of the shoulder. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006 May;14(5):265-77. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200605000-00002.
Reference Type
RESULT
Grossman MG, Tibone JE, McGarry MH, Schneider DJ, Veneziani S, Lee TQ. A cadaveric model of the throwing shoulder: a possible etiology of superior labrum anterior-to-posterior lesions. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 Apr;87(4):824-31. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.D.01972.
Reference Type
RESULT
Trakis JE, McHugh MP, Caracciolo PA, Busciacco L, Mullaney M, Nicholas SJ. Muscle strength and range of motion in adolescent pitchers with throwing-related pain: implications for injury prevention. Am J Sports Med. 2008 Nov;36(11):2173-8. doi: 10.1177/0363546508319049. Epub 2008 Jul 2.
Reference Type
RESULT
Nakamizo H, Nakamura Y, Nobuhara K, Yamamoto T. Loss of glenohumeral internal rotation in little league pitchers: a biomechanical study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008 Sep-Oct;17(5):795-801. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2008.02.013. Epub 2008 Jun 20.
Reference Type
RESULT
Olsen SJ 2nd, Fleisig GS, Dun S, Loftice J, Andrews JR. Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2006 Jun;34(6):905-12. doi: 10.1177/0363546505284188. Epub 2006 Feb 1.
Reference Type
RESULT
Klingele KE, Kocher MS. Little league elbow: valgus overload injury in the paediatric athlete. Sports Med. 2002;32(15):1005-15. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200232150-00004.
Reference Type
RESULT
Mair SD, Uhl TL, Robbe RG, Brindle KA. Physeal changes and range-of-motion differences in the dominant shoulders of skeletally immature baseball players. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2004 Sep-Oct;13(5):487-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2004.02.008.
Reference Type
RESULT
Reiss M, Reiss G. [Current aspects of handedness]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1999 Dec 23;111(24):1009-18. German.
Reference Type
RESULT
Other Identifiers
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Safethrow01
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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