Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Ventilation Using a Novel Full-Face Mask Versus Conventional Helmet

NCT ID: NCT00944437

Last Updated: 2013-11-05

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

23 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2008-05-31

Study Completion Date

2010-07-31

Brief Summary

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The aim of this study is to compare two methods of delivery of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV).

Since patient compliance and mechanical characteristics of the delivery devices are two fundamental variables in the success of NIV during acute respiratory failure, our hypothesis is that an improved patient-ventilator interface may improve the efficacy of therapy.

Detailed Description

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Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is the delivery of ventilatory support without the need for an invasive artificial airway. The use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) in acute respiratory failure has been steadily increasing for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Noninvasive ventilation can often eliminate the need for intubation or tracheostomy and preserve normal swallowing, speech, and cough mechanisms. Discomfort of the device is one of the reason for the failure of NIV (30-40% of the cases).

The Novastar oro-nasal mask (Dräger Medical, Lubeck, Germany) is a flexible, transparent mask shell with a fine silicone gel cushion which adapts to the wearer's face. The pliable ring embedded inside the flexible clear shell allows the mask to be bent and adjusted to fit the patient's face (customized fit), while minimizing leakages. The mask has magnetic, self aligning clips for capture and secure fastening of the mask headgear. The magnetic clips are self-aligning.

The transparent flexible helmet for NIV (Rüsch 4-Vent, Teleflex Medical Europe, Athlone, Ireland) is fixed with two straps passing through each armpit. The braces are protected by hydrocolloid strips to prevent axillary decubitus. It is important to chose the right size of the helmet to avoid air leakages in the neck region. Two filters in the in- and expiratory way are necessary to reduce noise.

Different devices may lead to varying degrees of discomfort and, thus, improve compliance. Better tolerability of NIV may improve its efficacy. Therefore, we planned this randomized controlled trial to investigate whether different modalities of NIV delivery may affect therapeutical efficacy.

No randomized trials have compared helmets to the NOVASTAR full-face masks. This randomized, controlled study aims to assess whether the new full face mask improves gas exchange in patients admitted to ICU because of acute postoperative respiratory failure.

METHODS

Patients meeting criteria for NIV cycles will be enrolled in this trial. Informed written consent requirements were waived by the Internal Review Board since enrollment criteria meet common clinical guidelines and the two devices are both widely available (and approved for this indication).

Enrollment criteria are:

* Ongoing or recent history of respiratory failure (either primary or secondary)
* PaO2 \<60 mmHg if breathing room air or PaO2/FiO2 \<300 mmHg if receiving supplemental oxygen
* Acute dyspnea with respiratory rate \>25 bpm and accessory muscle recruitment and/or paradoxical abdominal breathing

Patients will be excluded if:

* Refusing NIV
* Comatose (Glasgow Coma Scale \<8) or unable to maintain a patent airway
* Hemodynamically unstable (systolic blood pressure \<80 mmHg on recruitment, or receiving vasopressors/inotropes; ongoing angina/myocardial infarction; newly-developed arrhythmia with hemodynamic impact)
* Having recently (≤2 weeks) undergone oesophageal or upper respiratory tract surgery

Upon enrolment, patients will be randomized to receive NIV via one of the two available interfaces. In group H (for "helmet"), the continuous positive pressure is obtained by a high influx of fresh gases (air + oxygen) flowing through a high-compliance reservoir, with a positive end-expiratory pressure valve limiting outflow. In the M ("oral-nasal mask") group the same flow scheme is obtained using a T-tube attached to the mask. Patients' heads will be elevated to about 45° in both groups.

In both groups continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) will be instituted at 5 cmH2O. Pressure will be increased by increments of 2-3 cmH2O until a maximum of 10 cmH2O in order to reach a peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≥ 90% with the lowest FiO2 possible.

Noninvasive ventilation will be ideally maintained for up to 24 h. Patients will be asked to wear the helmet/mask as long as possible. During ventilation-free periods, which will be maintained as short as possible, patients will receive 50% oxygen supplementation. The criteria for success of therapy and discontinuation of NIV will be a reversal of all criteria listed above for enrollment.

Criteria for NIV failure and subsequent intubation and mechanical ventilation will be:

* Coma (Glasgow Coma Scale \<8) or inability to maintain a patent airway
* Hemodynamic instability (systolic blood pressure \<80 mmHg on recruitment, or receiving vasopressors/inotropes; ongoing angina/myocardial infarction; newly-developed arrhythmia with hemodynamic impact)
* Intolerance to the interface
* Patient's inability to mobilize secretions
* PaO2/FiO2 ratio \<140 mmHg after ≥1 h of ventilation

MAIN ENDPOINT AND SAMPLE SIZE

Arterial blood gas analyses will be performed upon enrollment, after 1 h, and after 24 h from enrollment. The null hypothesis of the study is that there will be no difference in the mean PaO2/FiO2 values between the two groups at 24 h. We will consider as clinically and statistically significant a difference of ≥50±60 mmHg between the groups.

A total of 50 patients will be enrolled. Sample size calculations are based on the assumption of a 5% risk of type I error and a 20% risk of type II error, while accounting for a 10-15% attrition rate.

Conditions

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Respiratory Insufficiency Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pulmonary Edema

Keywords

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Ventilation, Mechanical Positive-Pressure Respiration Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Helmet

Patients in this group will receive continuous positive airway pressure delivered through a helmet connected to a high-flow reservoir system.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Helmet

Intervention Type DEVICE

Continuous positive airway pressure for up to 24 h. Initial pressure will be 5 cmH2O, and will be increased by 2-3 cmH2O up to 10 cmH2O, in order to maintain SpO2 ≥90%.

Mask

Patients in this group will receive continuous positive-airway pressure delivered through a novel full-face mask connected to a high-flow system. Expiratory pressure will be maintained using an expiratory valve connected to a T-tube.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Full-face mask

Intervention Type DEVICE

Continuous positive airway pressure for up to 24 h. Initial pressure will be 5 cmH2O, and will be increased by 2-3 cmH2O up to 10 cmH2O, in order to maintain SpO2 ≥90%.

Interventions

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Helmet

Continuous positive airway pressure for up to 24 h. Initial pressure will be 5 cmH2O, and will be increased by 2-3 cmH2O up to 10 cmH2O, in order to maintain SpO2 ≥90%.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Full-face mask

Continuous positive airway pressure for up to 24 h. Initial pressure will be 5 cmH2O, and will be increased by 2-3 cmH2O up to 10 cmH2O, in order to maintain SpO2 ≥90%.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Other Intervention Names

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Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Noninvasive Ventilation 4-Vent helmet (Rüsch, Germany) Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Noninvasive Ventilation Novastar mask (Dräger GmbH, Lubeck, Germany)

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Ongoing or recent history of respiratory failure (either primary or secondary)
* PaO2 \<60 mmHg if breathing room air or PaO2/FiO2 \<300 mmHg if receiving supplemental oxygen
* Acute dyspnea with respiratory rate \>25 bpm and accessory muscle recruitment and/or paradoxical abdominal breathing

Exclusion Criteria

* Refusing noninvasive ventilation
* Comatose (Glasgow Coma Scale \<8) or unable to maintain a patent airway
* Hemodynamically unstable (systolic blood pressure \<80 mmHg on recruitment, or receiving vasopressors/inotropes; ongoing angina/myocardial infarction; newly-developed arrhythmia with hemodynamic impact)
* Having recently (≤2 weeks) undergone oesophageal or upper respiratory tract surgery
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

89 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Parma

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Guido Fanelli

Professor of Anesthesiology and Director, Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Guido Fanelli, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Dept. of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Parma, Italy

Maria Barbagallo, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

UO II Anestesia, Rianimazione e Terapia Antalgica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma

Locations

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University and Hospital of Parma (Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma)

Parma, PR, Italy

Site Status

Countries

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Italy

References

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Appendini L, Patessio A, Zanaboni S, Carone M, Gukov B, Donner CF, Rossi A. Physiologic effects of positive end-expiratory pressure and mask pressure support during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 May;149(5):1069-76. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.149.5.8173743.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8173743 (View on PubMed)

Celikel T, Sungur M, Ceyhan B, Karakurt S. Comparison of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation with standard medical therapy in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure. Chest. 1998 Dec;114(6):1636-42. doi: 10.1378/chest.114.6.1636.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9872200 (View on PubMed)

Chadda K, Clair B, Orlikowski D, Macadoux G, Raphael JC, Lofaso F. Pressure support versus assisted controlled noninvasive ventilation in neuromuscular disease. Neurocrit Care. 2004;1(4):429-34. doi: 10.1385/NCC:1:4:429.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16174945 (View on PubMed)

Collaborative Research Group of Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Early use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Chin Med J (Engl). 2005 Dec 20;118(24):2034-40.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16438899 (View on PubMed)

Keenan SP, Sinuff T, Cook DJ, Hill NS. Does noninvasive positive pressure ventilation improve outcome in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure? A systematic review. Crit Care Med. 2004 Dec;32(12):2516-23. doi: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000148011.51681.e2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15599160 (View on PubMed)

Kramer N, Meyer TJ, Meharg J, Cece RD, Hill NS. Randomized, prospective trial of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Jun;151(6):1799-806. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.151.6.7767523.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7767523 (View on PubMed)

Masip J, Roque M, Sanchez B, Fernandez R, Subirana M, Exposito JA. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2005 Dec 28;294(24):3124-30. doi: 10.1001/jama.294.24.3124.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16380593 (View on PubMed)

Meduri GU, Turner RE, Abou-Shala N, Wunderink R, Tolley E. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation via face mask. First-line intervention in patients with acute hypercapnic and hypoxemic respiratory failure. Chest. 1996 Jan;109(1):179-93. doi: 10.1378/chest.109.1.179.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8549183 (View on PubMed)

Meduri GU, Fox RC, Abou-Shala N, Leeper KV, Wunderink RG. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation via face mask in patients with acute respiratory failure who refused endotracheal intubation. Crit Care Med. 1994 Oct;22(10):1584-90.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7924369 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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ICU-ICU-02

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id