Home
Clinical Trials
BrainGate2: Feasibility Study...

BrainGate2: Feasibility Study of an Intracortical Neural Interface System for Persons With Tetraplegia

NCT ID: NCT00912041

Last Updated: 2025-12-03

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

Total Enrollment

27 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2009-05-31

Study Completion Date

2038-12-31

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

The purpose of this study is to obtain preliminary device safety information and demonstrate proof of principle (feasibility) of the ability of people with tetraplegia to control a computer cursor and other assistive devices with their thoughts.

Related Clinical Trials

Explore similar clinical trials based on study characteristics and research focus.

Feasibility of the BrainGate2 Neural Interface System in Persons With Tetraplegia

NCT05724173

Anarthria Dysarthria Tetraplegia +5 more

RECRUITING NA

Feasibility of the BrainGate2 Neural Interface System in Persons With Tetraplegia (BG-Speech-02)

NCT06094205

Anarthria Dysarthria Tetraplegia +5 more

RECRUITING NA

Hand Function for Tetraplegia

NCT00890916

Spinal Cord Injury Tetraplegia

COMPLETED NA

Sensory Motor Transformations in Human Cortex

NCT01964261

Quadriplegia

RECRUITING NA

Microelectrode Brain-Machine Interface for Individuals With Tetraplegia

NCT01364480

Tetraplegia Spinal Cord Injury

TERMINATED NA

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

The goal of the BrainGate2 research and development project is to identify the core methods and features for a medical device that could allow people with paralysis, including severe speech impairment, to recover a host of abilities that normally rely on the hands or on speech.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Tetraplegia Spinal Cord Injuries Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Brain Stem Infarctions Locked in Syndrome Muscular Dystrophy

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

BrainGate

BrainGate Neural Interface System

Group Type OTHER

Placement of the BrainGate2 sensor(s) into the motor-related cortex

Intervention Type DEVICE

Up to six 4x4 mm BrainGate2 sensor(s) are placed into the motor-related cortex (including speech-related areas of cortex), connected to one, two, or three percutaneous pedestals. Neural recordings are made at least weekly for a year or more.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Placement of the BrainGate2 sensor(s) into the motor-related cortex

Intervention Type DEVICE

Other Intervention Names

Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.

BrainGate NeuroPort neural prosthesis neural prosthetic neuroprosthetic brain computer interface brain-computer interface

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Clinical diagnosis of spinal cord injury, brainstem stroke, muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or other motor neuron disorders
* Complete or incomplete tetraplegia (quadriplegia)
* Must live within a three-hour drive of the Study site

Exclusion Criteria

* Visual impairment such that extended viewing of a computer monitor would be difficult even with ordinary corrective lenses
* Chronic oral or intravenous steroids or immunosuppressive therapy
* Other serious disease or disorder that could seriously affect ability to participate in the study

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

80 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Leigh R. Hochberg, MD, PhD.

Sponsor-Investigator

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Leigh R Hochberg, M.D., Ph.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Massachusetts General Hospital

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

University of California, Davis

Sacramento, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Emory University School of Medicine

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Providence VA Medical Center

Providence, Rhode Island, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States

Central Contacts

Reach out to these primary contacts for questions about participation or study logistics.

Leigh R Hochberg, M.D., Ph.D.

Role: CONTACT

[email protected]

617-724-9247

Facility Contacts

Find local site contact details for specific facilities participating in the trial.

David M Brandman, MD, PhD

Role: primary

[email protected]

916-703-5010

Jaimie Henderson, M.D.

Role: primary

[email protected]

650-723-5574

Yvan Bamps, Ph.D.

Role: primary

[email protected]

404-778-7673

Leigh R Hochberg, MD, PhD

Role: primary

[email protected]

617-742-9247

Stephen Mernoff, M.D.

Role: primary

[email protected]

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Hochberg LR, Serruya MD, Friehs GM, Mukand JA, Saleh M, Caplan AH, Branner A, Chen D, Penn RD, Donoghue JP. Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia. Nature. 2006 Jul 13;442(7099):164-71. doi: 10.1038/nature04970.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 16838014 (View on PubMed)

Donoghue JP, Nurmikko A, Black M, Hochberg LR. Assistive technology and robotic control using motor cortex ensemble-based neural interface systems in humans with tetraplegia. J Physiol. 2007 Mar 15;579(Pt 3):603-11. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.127209. Epub 2007 Feb 1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 17272345 (View on PubMed)

Homer ML, Perge JA, Black MJ, Harrison MT, Cash SS, Hochberg LR. Adaptive offset correction for intracortical brain-computer interfaces. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2014 Mar;22(2):239-48. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2013.2287768.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 24196868 (View on PubMed)

Perge JA, Zhang S, Malik WQ, Homer ML, Cash S, Friehs G, Eskandar EN, Donoghue JP, Hochberg LR. Reliability of directional information in unsorted spikes and local field potentials recorded in human motor cortex. J Neural Eng. 2014 Aug;11(4):046007. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/11/4/046007. Epub 2014 Jun 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 24921388 (View on PubMed)

Masse NY, Jarosiewicz B, Simeral JD, Bacher D, Stavisky SD, Cash SS, Oakley EM, Berhanu E, Eskandar E, Friehs G, Hochberg LR, Donoghue JP. Non-causal spike filtering improves decoding of movement intention for intracortical BCIs. J Neurosci Methods. 2014 Oct 30;236:58-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.08.004. Epub 2014 Aug 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 25128256 (View on PubMed)

Malik WQ, Hochberg LR, Donoghue JP, Brown EN. Modulation depth estimation and variable selection in state-space models for neural interfaces. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2015 Feb;62(2):570-81. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2014.2360393. Epub 2014 Sep 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 25265627 (View on PubMed)

Pandarinath C, Gilja V, Blabe CH, Nuyujukian P, Sarma AA, Sorice BL, Eskandar EN, Hochberg LR, Henderson JM, Shenoy KV. Neural population dynamics in human motor cortex during movements in people with ALS. Elife. 2015 Jun 23;4:e07436. doi: 10.7554/eLife.07436.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 26099302 (View on PubMed)

Pandarinath C, O'Shea DJ, Collins J, Jozefowicz R, Stavisky SD, Kao JC, Trautmann EM, Kaufman MT, Ryu SI, Hochberg LR, Henderson JM, Shenoy KV, Abbott LF, Sussillo D. Inferring single-trial neural population dynamics using sequential auto-encoders. Nat Methods. 2018 Oct;15(10):805-815. doi: 10.1038/s41592-018-0109-9. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 30224673 (View on PubMed)

Willett FR, Murphy BA, Young DR, Memberg WD, Blabe CH, Pandarinath C, Franco B, Saab J, Walter BL, Sweet JA, Miller JP, Henderson JM, Shenoy KV, Simeral JD, Jarosiewicz B, Hochberg LR, Kirsch RF, Ajiboye AB. A Comparison of Intention Estimation Methods for Decoder Calibration in Intracortical Brain-Computer Interfaces. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2018 Sep;65(9):2066-2078. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2017.2783358. Epub 2017 Dec 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 29989927 (View on PubMed)

Brandman DM, Burkhart MC, Kelemen J, Franco B, Harrison MT, Hochberg LR. Robust Closed-Loop Control of a Cursor in a Person with Tetraplegia using Gaussian Process Regression. Neural Comput. 2018 Nov;30(11):2986-3008. doi: 10.1162/neco_a_01129. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 30216140 (View on PubMed)

Vargas-Irwin CE, Feldman JM, King B, Simeral JD, Sorice BL, Oakley EM, Cash SS, Eskandar EN, Friehs GM, Hochberg LR, Donoghue JP. Watch, Imagine, Attempt: Motor Cortex Single-Unit Activity Reveals Context-Dependent Movement Encoding in Humans With Tetraplegia. Front Hum Neurosci. 2018 Nov 15;12:450. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00450. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 30524258 (View on PubMed)

Willett FR, Avansino DT, Hochberg LR, Henderson JM, Shenoy KV. High-performance brain-to-text communication via handwriting. Nature. 2021 May;593(7858):249-254. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03506-2. Epub 2021 May 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 33981047 (View on PubMed)

Deo DR, Rezaii P, Hochberg LR, M Okamura A, Shenoy KV, Henderson JM. Effects of Peripheral Haptic Feedback on Intracortical Brain-Computer Interface Control and Associated Sensory Responses in Motor Cortex. IEEE Trans Haptics. 2021 Oct-Dec;14(4):762-775. doi: 10.1109/TOH.2021.3072615. Epub 2021 Dec 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 33844633 (View on PubMed)

Simeral JD, Hosman T, Saab J, Flesher SN, Vilela M, Franco B, Kelemen JN, Brandman DM, Ciancibello JG, Rezaii PG, Eskandar EN, Rosler DM, Shenoy KV, Henderson JM, Nurmikko AV, Hochberg LR. Home Use of a Percutaneous Wireless Intracortical Brain-Computer Interface by Individuals With Tetraplegia. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2021 Jul;68(7):2313-2325. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2021.3069119. Epub 2021 Jun 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 33784612 (View on PubMed)

Rastogi A, Willett FR, Abreu J, Crowder DC, Murphy BA, Memberg WD, Vargas-Irwin CE, Miller JP, Sweet J, Walter BL, Rezaii PG, Stavisky SD, Hochberg LR, Shenoy KV, Henderson JM, Kirsch RF, Ajiboye AB. The Neural Representation of Force across Grasp Types in Motor Cortex of Humans with Tetraplegia. eNeuro. 2021 Feb 19;8(1):ENEURO.0231-20.2020. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0231-20.2020. Print 2021 Jan-Feb.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 33495242 (View on PubMed)

Hosman T, Hynes JB, Saab J, Wilcoxen KG, Buchbinder BR, Schmansky N, Cash SS, Eskandar EN, Simeral JD, Franco B, Kelemen J, Vargas-Irwin CE, Hochberg LR. Auditory cues reveal intended movement information in middle frontal gyrus neuronal ensemble activity of a person with tetraplegia. Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 11;11(1):98. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77616-8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 33431994 (View on PubMed)

Wilson GH, Stavisky SD, Willett FR, Avansino DT, Kelemen JN, Hochberg LR, Henderson JM, Druckmann S, Shenoy KV. Decoding spoken English from intracortical electrode arrays in dorsal precentral gyrus. J Neural Eng. 2020 Nov 25;17(6):066007. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/abbfef.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 33236720 (View on PubMed)

Eichenlaub JB, Jarosiewicz B, Saab J, Franco B, Kelemen J, Halgren E, Hochberg LR, Cash SS. Replay of Learned Neural Firing Sequences during Rest in Human Motor Cortex. Cell Rep. 2020 May 5;31(5):107581. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107581.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 32375031 (View on PubMed)

Stavisky SD, Willett FR, Avansino DT, Hochberg LR, Shenoy KV, Henderson JM. Speech-related dorsal motor cortex activity does not interfere with iBCI cursor control. J Neural Eng. 2020 Feb 5;17(1):016049. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab5b72.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 32023225 (View on PubMed)

Rastogi A, Vargas-Irwin CE, Willett FR, Abreu J, Crowder DC, Murphy BA, Memberg WD, Miller JP, Sweet JA, Walter BL, Cash SS, Rezaii PG, Franco B, Saab J, Stavisky SD, Shenoy KV, Henderson JM, Hochberg LR, Kirsch RF, Ajiboye AB. Neural Representation of Observed, Imagined, and Attempted Grasping Force in Motor Cortex of Individuals with Chronic Tetraplegia. Sci Rep. 2020 Jan 29;10(1):1429. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58097-1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 31996696 (View on PubMed)

Stavisky SD, Willett FR, Wilson GH, Murphy BA, Rezaii P, Avansino DT, Memberg WD, Miller JP, Kirsch RF, Hochberg LR, Ajiboye AB, Druckmann S, Shenoy KV, Henderson JM. Neural ensemble dynamics in dorsal motor cortex during speech in people with paralysis. Elife. 2019 Dec 10;8:e46015. doi: 10.7554/eLife.46015.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 31820736 (View on PubMed)

Willett FR, Young DR, Murphy BA, Memberg WD, Blabe CH, Pandarinath C, Stavisky SD, Rezaii P, Saab J, Walter BL, Sweet JA, Miller JP, Henderson JM, Shenoy KV, Simeral JD, Jarosiewicz B, Hochberg LR, Kirsch RF, Bolu Ajiboye A. Principled BCI Decoder Design and Parameter Selection Using a Feedback Control Model. Sci Rep. 2019 Jun 20;9(1):8881. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44166-7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 31222030 (View on PubMed)

Milekovic T, Bacher D, Sarma AA, Simeral JD, Saab J, Pandarinath C, Yvert B, Sorice BL, Blabe C, Oakley EM, Tringale KR, Eskandar E, Cash SS, Shenoy KV, Henderson JM, Hochberg LR, Donoghue JP. Volitional control of single-electrode high gamma local field potentials by people with paralysis. J Neurophysiol. 2019 Apr 1;121(4):1428-1450. doi: 10.1152/jn.00131.2018. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 30785814 (View on PubMed)

Young D, Willett F, Memberg WD, Murphy B, Rezaii P, Walter B, Sweet J, Miller J, Shenoy KV, Hochberg LR, Kirsch RF, Ajiboye AB. Closed-loop cortical control of virtual reach and posture using Cartesian and joint velocity commands. J Neural Eng. 2019 Apr;16(2):026011. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/aaf606. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 30523839 (View on PubMed)

Nuyujukian P, Albites Sanabria J, Saab J, Pandarinath C, Jarosiewicz B, Blabe CH, Franco B, Mernoff ST, Eskandar EN, Simeral JD, Hochberg LR, Shenoy KV, Henderson JM. Cortical control of a tablet computer by people with paralysis. PLoS One. 2018 Nov 21;13(11):e0204566. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204566. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 30462658 (View on PubMed)

Rubin DB, Hosman T, Kelemen JN, Kapitonava A, Willett FR, Coughlin BF, Halgren E, Kimchi EY, Williams ZM, Simeral JD, Hochberg LR, Cash SS. Learned Motor Patterns Are Replayed in Human Motor Cortex during Sleep. J Neurosci. 2022 Jun 22;42(25):5007-5020. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2074-21.2022. Epub 2022 May 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 35589391 (View on PubMed)

Simeral JD, Kim SP, Black MJ, Donoghue JP, Hochberg LR. Neural control of cursor trajectory and click by a human with tetraplegia 1000 days after implant of an intracortical microelectrode array. J Neural Eng. 2011 Apr;8(2):025027. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/8/2/025027. Epub 2011 Mar 24.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 21436513 (View on PubMed)

Hochberg LR, Bacher D, Jarosiewicz B, Masse NY, Simeral JD, Vogel J, Haddadin S, Liu J, Cash SS, van der Smagt P, Donoghue JP. Reach and grasp by people with tetraplegia using a neurally controlled robotic arm. Nature. 2012 May 16;485(7398):372-5. doi: 10.1038/nature11076.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 22596161 (View on PubMed)

Jarosiewicz B, Masse NY, Bacher D, Cash SS, Eskandar E, Friehs G, Donoghue JP, Hochberg LR. Advantages of closed-loop calibration in intracortical brain-computer interfaces for people with tetraplegia. J Neural Eng. 2013 Aug;10(4):046012. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/10/4/046012. Epub 2013 Jul 10.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 23838067 (View on PubMed)

Bacher D, Jarosiewicz B, Masse NY, Stavisky SD, Simeral JD, Newell K, Oakley EM, Cash SS, Friehs G, Hochberg LR. Neural Point-and-Click Communication by a Person With Incomplete Locked-In Syndrome. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 Jun;29(5):462-71. doi: 10.1177/1545968314554624. Epub 2014 Nov 10.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 25385765 (View on PubMed)

Gilja V, Pandarinath C, Blabe CH, Nuyujukian P, Simeral JD, Sarma AA, Sorice BL, Perge JA, Jarosiewicz B, Hochberg LR, Shenoy KV, Henderson JM. Clinical translation of a high-performance neural prosthesis. Nat Med. 2015 Oct;21(10):1142-5. doi: 10.1038/nm.3953. Epub 2015 Sep 28.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 26413781 (View on PubMed)

Ajiboye AB, Willett FR, Young DR, Memberg WD, Murphy BA, Miller JP, Walter BL, Sweet JA, Hoyen HA, Keith MW, Peckham PH, Simeral JD, Donoghue JP, Hochberg LR, Kirsch RF. Restoration of reaching and grasping movements through brain-controlled muscle stimulation in a person with tetraplegia: a proof-of-concept demonstration. Lancet. 2017 May 6;389(10081):1821-1830. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30601-3. Epub 2017 Mar 28.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 28363483 (View on PubMed)

Pandarinath C, Nuyujukian P, Blabe CH, Sorice BL, Saab J, Willett FR, Hochberg LR, Shenoy KV, Henderson JM. High performance communication by people with paralysis using an intracortical brain-computer interface. Elife. 2017 Feb 21;6:e18554. doi: 10.7554/eLife.18554.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 28220753 (View on PubMed)

Brandman DM, Hosman T, Saab J, Burkhart MC, Shanahan BE, Ciancibello JG, Sarma AA, Milstein DJ, Vargas-Irwin CE, Franco B, Kelemen J, Blabe C, Murphy BA, Young DR, Willett FR, Pandarinath C, Stavisky SD, Kirsch RF, Walter BL, Bolu Ajiboye A, Cash SS, Eskandar EN, Miller JP, Sweet JA, Shenoy KV, Henderson JM, Jarosiewicz B, Harrison MT, Simeral JD, Hochberg LR. Rapid calibration of an intracortical brain-computer interface for people with tetraplegia. J Neural Eng. 2018 Apr;15(2):026007. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa9ee7.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 29363625 (View on PubMed)

Rubin DB, Ajiboye AB, Barefoot L, Bowker M, Cash SS, Chen D, Donoghue JP, Eskandar EN, Friehs G, Grant C, Henderson JM, Kirsch RF, Marujo R, Masood M, Mernoff ST, Miller JP, Mukand JA, Penn RD, Shefner J, Shenoy KV, Simeral JD, Sweet JA, Walter BL, Williams ZM, Hochberg LR. Interim Safety Profile From the Feasibility Study of the BrainGate Neural Interface System. Neurology. 2023 Mar 14;100(11):e1177-e1192. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201707. Epub 2023 Jan 13.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 36639237 (View on PubMed)

Singer-Clark T, Hou X, Card NS, Wairagkar M, Iacobacci C, Peracha H, Hochberg LR, Stavisky SD, Brandman DM. Speech motor cortex enables BCI cursor control and click. J Neural Eng. 2025 May 14;22(3):036015. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/add0e5.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 40280150 (View on PubMed)

Card NS, Wairagkar M, Iacobacci C, Hou X, Singer-Clark T, Willett FR, Kunz EM, Fan C, Vahdati Nia M, Deo DR, Srinivasan A, Choi EY, Glasser MF, Hochberg LR, Henderson JM, Shahlaie K, Stavisky SD, Brandman DM. An Accurate and Rapidly Calibrating Speech Neuroprosthesis. N Engl J Med. 2024 Aug 15;391(7):609-618. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2314132.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 39141853 (View on PubMed)

Ali YH, Bodkin K, Rigotti-Thompson M, Patel K, Card NS, Bhaduri B, Nason-Tomaszewski SR, Mifsud DM, Hou X, Nicolas C, Allcroft S, Hochberg LR, Au Yong N, Stavisky SD, Miller LE, Brandman DM, Pandarinath C. BRAND: a platform for closed-loop experiments with deep network models. J Neural Eng. 2024 Apr 17;21(2):026046. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad3b3a.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 38579696 (View on PubMed)

Brandman DM, Cash SS, Hochberg LR. Review: Human Intracortical Recording and Neural Decoding for Brain-Computer Interfaces. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2017 Oct;25(10):1687-1696. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2017.2677443. Epub 2017 Mar 2.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 28278476 (View on PubMed)

Willett FR, Pandarinath C, Jarosiewicz B, Murphy BA, Memberg WD, Blabe CH, Saab J, Walter BL, Sweet JA, Miller JP, Henderson JM, Shenoy KV, Simeral JD, Hochberg LR, Kirsch RF, Ajiboye AB. Feedback control policies employed by people using intracortical brain-computer interfaces. J Neural Eng. 2017 Feb;14(1):016001. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/14/1/016001. Epub 2016 Nov 30.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 27900953 (View on PubMed)