Sensory Motor Transformations in Human Cortex

NCT ID: NCT01964261

Last Updated: 2025-05-22

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

5 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2013-11-01

Study Completion Date

2027-01-31

Brief Summary

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This research study is being conducted to develop a brain controlled medical device, called a brain-machine interface. The device will provide people with a spinal cord injury some ability to control an external device such as a computer cursor or robotic limb by using their thoughts along with sensory feedback.

Development of a brain-machine interface is very difficult and currently only limited technology exists in this area of neuroscience. Other studies have shown that people with high spinal cord injury still have intact brain areas capable of planning movements and grasps, but are not able to execute the movement plans. The device in this study involves implanting very fine recording electrodes into areas of the brain that are known to create arm movement plans and provide hand grasping information and sense feeling in the hand and fingers. These movement and grasp plans would then normally be sent to other regions of the brain to execute the actual movements. By tying into those pathways and sending the movement plan signals to a computer instead, the investigators can translate the movement plans into actual movements by a computer cursor or robotic limb.

A key part of this study is to electrically stimulate the brain by introducing a small amount of electrical current into the electrodes in the sensory area of the brain. This will result in the sensation of touch in the hand and/or fingers. This stimulation to the brain will occur when the robotic limb touches the object, thereby allowing the brain to "feel" what the robotic arm is touching.

The device being used in this study is called the Neuroport Array and is surgically implanted in the brain. This device and the implantation procedure are experimental which means that it has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). One Neuroport Array consists of a small grid of electrodes that will be implanted in brain tissue and a small cable that runs from the electrode grid to a small hourglass-shaped pedestal. This pedestal is designed to be attached to the skull and protrude through the scalp to allow for connection with the computer equipment. The top portion of the pedestal has a protective cover that will be in place when the pedestal is not in use. The top of this pedestal and its protective cover will be visible on the outside of the head. Three Neuroport Arrays and pedestals will be implanted in this study so three of these protective covers will be visible outside of the head. It will be possible to cover these exposed portions of the device with a hat or scarf.

The investigators hope to learn how safe and effective the Neuroport array plus stimulation is in controlling computer generated images and real world objects, such as a robotic arm, using imagined movements of the arms and hands.

Detailed Description

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The long-term objective of this application is to understand cortical processing of sensory to motor transformations within the human cerebral cortex. A vast number of computations must be performed to achieve sensory-guided motor control. Standing out among these computations, visual information of the goals of action must be transformed from the coordinates of the retina to the coordinates of effectors used for movement, for instance limb coordinates for reaching under visual guidance and to world coordinates for interactions in the environment. Once an object is grasped, somatosensory signals from the hand are required for dexterous manipulation of grasped objects. Internal models within the sensory motor pathway are essential for estimating the current state of the body and the external environment, accounting for lags in sensory feedback, and calibrating the body to the environment.

We will use the rare opportunity of being able to record from populations of single neurons in a clinical study designed to develop neural prosthetics for tetraplegic participants paralyzed by spinal cord injuries. Cortical implants of microelectrode arrays will be made within three key locations in the sensorimotor system: primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. These microelectrode arrays enable both recording and intracortical microstimulation.

We will test the hypothesis that somatosensory and motor cortex represent imagined reaches in hand coordinates, but posterior parietal cortex is task dependent, and it's population neural activity can flexibly change coordinate frames depending on the effector used in the task. Percepts evoked by intracortical microstimulation and imagined sensations will be used to understand the representation of cutaneous and proprioceptive information within primary somatosensory cortex and posterior parietal cortex. The hypothesis to be tested is that imagined sensation and electrically evoked sensations are highly overlapping - not just in primary somatosensory cortex but also in posterior parietal cortex. Lastly, we hypothesize that the posterior parietal cortex contains in humans an internal model of state estimation that shows plasticity for both natural and brain-control behaviors and transfers this learning to motor cortex.

These studies will not only greatly advance our understanding of the human sensorimotor cortical circuit, but also will provide basic knowledge for the design of future neural prosthetics.

Conditions

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Quadriplegia

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Neural Prosthetic System 2

The Neural Prosthetic System 2 consists of three Neuroport Arrays, which are described in detail in the intervention description. Two of the three Neuroport Arrays are inserted into the posterior parietal cortex, an area of the brain used in reach and grasp planning. The third Neuroport Array is inserted into somatosensory cortex, specifically S1 which represents sensory feedback for the hand and fingers. The arrays are inserted and the percutaneous pedestal is attached to the skull during a surgical procedure. Following surgical recovery the subject will participate in study sessions 3-5 times per week in which they will learn to control an end effector by thought augmented with sensory feedback via intracortical microstimulation. They will then use the end effector to perform various reach and grasp tasks.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Neural Prosthetic System 2 (NPS2)

Intervention Type DEVICE

The NPS2 comprises 3 NeuroPort Arrays (SIROF). The tip of the electrodes are sputtered iridium oxide film (SIROF). Each array is comprised of 100 1.5 mm microelectrodes organized on a 4mm x 4mm silicon base that is 0.25 mm thick. Each microelectrode is insulated with Parylene-C polymer and is electrically isolated from neighboring electrodes by non-conducting glass. Of the 100 electrodes, 96 are wire bonded using 25m gold alloy insulated wires sealed with a silicone elastomer. The wire bundle is potted to a printed circuit board with epoxy, the circuit board is inserted into the Patient Pedestal (percutaneous connector), and then the Patient Pedestal is filled with silicone elastomer. Two fine platinum reference wires are also attached to the Patient Pedestal. The Patient Pedestal is 19 mm wide at the skin interface.

Interventions

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Neural Prosthetic System 2 (NPS2)

The NPS2 comprises 3 NeuroPort Arrays (SIROF). The tip of the electrodes are sputtered iridium oxide film (SIROF). Each array is comprised of 100 1.5 mm microelectrodes organized on a 4mm x 4mm silicon base that is 0.25 mm thick. Each microelectrode is insulated with Parylene-C polymer and is electrically isolated from neighboring electrodes by non-conducting glass. Of the 100 electrodes, 96 are wire bonded using 25m gold alloy insulated wires sealed with a silicone elastomer. The wire bundle is potted to a printed circuit board with epoxy, the circuit board is inserted into the Patient Pedestal (percutaneous connector), and then the Patient Pedestal is filled with silicone elastomer. Two fine platinum reference wires are also attached to the Patient Pedestal. The Patient Pedestal is 19 mm wide at the skin interface.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Other Intervention Names

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NeuroPort Array

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* High cervical spinal lesion
* Age 22-65
* Able to provide informed consent
* Able to understand and comply with instructions in English
* Communicate via speech
* Surgical clearance
* Life expectancy greater than 12 months
* Travel up to 60 miles to study locations up to five days per week
* Caregiver monitor for surgical site complications and behavioral changes on a daily basis
* Psychosocial support system

Exclusion Criteria

* Presence of memory problems
* Intellectual impairment
* Psychotic illness or chronic psychiatric disorder, including major depression if untreated
* Poor visual acuity
* Pregnancy
* Active infection or unexplained fever
* Scalp lesions or skin breakdown
* HIV or AIDS infection
* Active cancer or chemotherapy
* Diabetes
* Autonomic dysreflexia
* History of seizure
* Implanted hydrocephalus shunt
* Previous neurosurgical history affecting parietal lobe function
* Medical conditions contraindicating surgery and chronic implantation of a medical device
* Prior cranioplasty
* Unable to undergo MRI or anticipated need for MRI during study
* Nursing an infant or unwilling to bottle-feed infant
* Chronic oral or intravenous use of steroids or immunosuppressive therapy
* Suicidal ideation
* Drug or alcohol dependence
* Planning to become pregnant, or unwilling to use adequate birth control
* Implanted Cardiac Defibrillator, Pacemaker, vagal nerve stimulator, or spinal cord stimulator.
* Implanted deep brain stimulator (DBS), DBS leads, or cochlear implant.
Minimum Eligible Age

22 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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University of Southern California

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Colorado, Denver

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Richard A. Andersen, PhD

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Richard A. Andersen, PhD

James G. Boswell Professor of Neuroscience

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Richard A Andersen, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

California Institute of Technology

Charles Liu, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Southern California, Rancho Los Amigos Rehabilitation Center

Dan Kramer, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Colorado, Denver

Luke Bashford, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Colorado, Denver

Locations

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Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center

Downey, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Southern California

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Richard Andersen

Pasadena, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Charles Liu, MD, PhD

Role: CONTACT

800-872-2273

Richard Andersen, PhD

Role: CONTACT

626-395-8336

Facility Contacts

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Charles Liu, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Charles Liu, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Richard Andersen, PhD

Role: primary

626-395-8336

Dan Kramer, MD

Role: primary

References

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Rosenthal IA, Bashford L, Bjanes D, Pejsa K, Lee B, Liu C, Andersen RA. Visual context affects the perceived timing of tactile sensations elicited through intra-cortical microstimulation: a case study of two participants. J Neurophysiol. 2025 Oct 8. doi: 10.1152/jn.00518.2024. Online ahead of print.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 41060788 (View on PubMed)

Bashford L, Rosenthal IA, Kellis S, Bjanes D, Pejsa K, Brunton BW, Andersen RA. Neural subspaces of imagined movements in parietal cortex remain stable over several years in humans. J Neural Eng. 2024 Aug 28;21(4):046059. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad6e19.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39134021 (View on PubMed)

Armenta Salas M, Bashford L, Kellis S, Jafari M, Jo H, Kramer D, Shanfield K, Pejsa K, Lee B, Liu CY, Andersen RA. Proprioceptive and cutaneous sensations in humans elicited by intracortical microstimulation. Elife. 2018 Apr 10;7:e32904. doi: 10.7554/eLife.32904.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 29633714 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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HS-13-00492

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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