Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
TERMINATED
Clinical Phase
NA
Total Enrollment
10 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2018-08-01
Study Completion Date
2021-10-02
Brief Summary
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Robotic gait training is often used with the aim to improve walking ability in individuals with Spinal Cord Injury. However, robotic gait training alone may not be sufficient. This study will compare the effects of robotic gait training alone to robotic gait training combined with either low-frequency or high-frequency non-invasive transspinal electrical stimulation. In people with motor-incomplete SCI, a series of clinical and electrical tests of nerve function will be performed before and after 20 sessions of gait training with or without stimulation.
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Detailed Description
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People with spinal cord injury (SCI) have motor dysfunction that results in substantial social, personal, and economic costs. Robotic gait training is often used with the aim to improve walking ability in these individuals. Investigators recently reported that robotic gait training reorganizes spinal neuronal circuits, improves motor activity, and contributes substantially to recovery of walking ability in people with motor incomplete SCI. However, pathological muscle tone and abnormal muscle activation patterns during assisted stepping were still evident after multiple sessions of robotic gait training. Locomotor training alone may thus be insufficient to strengthen weak neuronal synapses connecting the brain with the spinal cord or to fully optimize spinal neural circuits. On the other hand, spinal cord stimulation increases sprouting and plasticity of axons and dendrites in spinalized animals. Furthermore, transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (termed here transspinal stimulation) in people with SCI can evoke rhythmic leg muscle activity when gravity is eliminated. A fundamental knowledge gap still exists on induction of functional neuroplasticity and recovery of leg motor function after repetitive thoracolumbar transspinal stimulation during body weight supported (BWS) assisted stepping in people with SCI. The central working hypothesis in this study is that transspinal stimulation delivered during BWS-assisted stepping provides a tonic excitatory input increasing the overall responsiveness of the spinal cord and improving motor output. The investigators will address 3 specific aims: Establish induction of neuroplasticity and improvements in leg sensorimotor function in people with motor incomplete SCI when transspinal stimulation is delivered during BWS-assisted stepping at low frequencies (0.3 Hz; Specific Aim 1) and at high frequencies (30 Hz; Specific Aim 2), and when BWS-assisted step training is administered without transspinal stimulation (Specific Aim 3). In all groups, outcomes after 20 sessions will be measured via state-of-the-art neurophysiological methods. Corticospinal circuit excitability will be measured via transcranial magnetic stimulation motor evoked potentials in seated subjects (Aims 1A, 2A, 3A). Soleus H-reflex and tibialis anterior flexor reflex excitability patterns will be measured during assisted stepping (Aims 1B, 2B, 3B). Sensorimotor function will be evaluated via standardized clinical tests of gait and strength (Aims 1C, 2C, 3C). Additionally, poly-electromyographic analysis of coordinated muscle activation will be measured in detail. It is hypothesized that transspinal stimulation at 30 Hz during assisted stepping improves leg motor function and decreases ankle spasticity more compared to 0.3 Hz. It is further hypothesized that transspinal stimulation at 30 Hz normalizes the abnormal phase-dependent soleus H-reflex and flexor reflex modulation commonly observed during stepping in people with motor incomplete SCI. To test the project hypotheses, 45 people with motor incomplete SCI will be randomly assigned to receive 20 sessions of transspinal stimulation at 0.3 or 30 Hz during BWS-assisted stepping or 20 sessions of BWS-assisted stepping without transspinal stimulation (15 subjects per group). Results from this research project will advance considerably the field of spinal cord research and change the standard of care because there is great potential for development of novel and effective rehabilitation strategies to improve leg motor function after motor incomplete SCI in humans.
Conditions
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Spinal Cord Injuries
Paraplegia, Spinal
Tetraplegia/Tetraparesis
Paraplegia, Spastic
Study Design
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Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Individuals with Spinal Cord Imjury will be randomly assigned to receive robotic gait training with the Lokomat, and/or Lokomat gait training combined with non-invasive thoracolumbar transspinal stimulation at 0.3 or at 30 Hz.
Primary Study Purpose
TREATMENT
Blinding Strategy
NONE
Study Groups
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Robotic gait training
Robotic gait training only
Group Type
SHAM_COMPARATOR
Robotic gait training
Intervention Type
OTHER
Fifteen people with spinal cord injury will receive 20 daily sessions of robotic gait training. During assisted stepping, they will receive also non-invasive transspinal stimulation as a pulse train at 30 Hz during the stance phase of gait. Before and after training standardized clinical and neurophysiological tests will be used to assess recovery of sensorimotor function.
Robotic gait training & low-frequeny transspinal stimulation.
Robotic gait training will be administered along with non-invasive transspinal stimulation over the thoracolumbar region during assisted stepping at low frequency (0.3 Hz).
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
Robotic gait training and low-frequency transspinal stimulation
Intervention Type
DEVICE
Fifteen people with spinal cord injury will receive 20 daily sessions of robotic gait training. During assisted stepping, they will receive also non-invasive transspinal stimulation as a single pulse at 0.3 Hz during the stance phase of gait. Before and after training standardized clinical and neurophysiological tests will be used to assess recovery of sensorimotor function.
Robotic gait training & high-frequeny transspinal stimulation.
Robotic gait training will be administered along with non-invasive transspinal stimulation over the thoracolumbar region during assisted stepping at high frequency (30 Hz).
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
Robotic gait training and high-frequency transspinal stimulation
Intervention Type
DEVICE
Fifteen people with spinal cord injury will receive 20 daily sessions of robotic gait training. During assisted stepping, they will receive also non-invasive transspinal stimulation as a pulse train at 30 Hz during the stance phase of gait. Before and after training standardized clinical and neurophysiological tests will be used to assess recovery of sensorimotor function.
Interventions
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Robotic gait training
Fifteen people with spinal cord injury will receive 20 daily sessions of robotic gait training. During assisted stepping, they will receive also non-invasive transspinal stimulation as a pulse train at 30 Hz during the stance phase of gait. Before and after training standardized clinical and neurophysiological tests will be used to assess recovery of sensorimotor function.
Intervention Type
OTHER
Robotic gait training and low-frequency transspinal stimulation
Fifteen people with spinal cord injury will receive 20 daily sessions of robotic gait training. During assisted stepping, they will receive also non-invasive transspinal stimulation as a single pulse at 0.3 Hz during the stance phase of gait. Before and after training standardized clinical and neurophysiological tests will be used to assess recovery of sensorimotor function.
Intervention Type
DEVICE
Robotic gait training and high-frequency transspinal stimulation
Fifteen people with spinal cord injury will receive 20 daily sessions of robotic gait training. During assisted stepping, they will receive also non-invasive transspinal stimulation as a pulse train at 30 Hz during the stance phase of gait. Before and after training standardized clinical and neurophysiological tests will be used to assess recovery of sensorimotor function.
Intervention Type
DEVICE
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Clinical diagnosis of motor incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI).
* SCI is above thoracic 12 vertebra.
* Absent permanent ankle joint contractures.
* SCI occurred 6 months before enrollment to the study.
* SCI is above thoracic 12 vertebra.
* Absent permanent ankle joint contractures.
* SCI occurred 6 months before enrollment to the study.
Exclusion Criteria
* Supraspinal lesions
* Neuropathies of the peripheral nervous system
* Degenerative neurological disorders of the spine or spinal cord
* Motor complete SCI
* Presence of pressure sores
* Urinary tract infection
* Neoplastic or vascular disorders of the spine or spinal cord
* Pregnant women or women who suspect they may be or may become pregnant.
* People with cochlear implants, pacemaker and implanted stimulators
* People with history of seizures
* People with implanted Baclofen pumb
* Neuropathies of the peripheral nervous system
* Degenerative neurological disorders of the spine or spinal cord
* Motor complete SCI
* Presence of pressure sores
* Urinary tract infection
* Neoplastic or vascular disorders of the spine or spinal cord
* Pregnant women or women who suspect they may be or may become pregnant.
* People with cochlear implants, pacemaker and implanted stimulators
* People with history of seizures
* People with implanted Baclofen pumb
Minimum Eligible Age
18 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
65 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
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Bronx Veterans Medical Research Foundation, Inc
OTHER
Sponsor Role
collaborator
City University of New York
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Maria Knikou, PT, PhD
Professor
Responsibility Role
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Principal Investigators
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Maria Knikou, PT, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Research Foundation of the City University of New York
Noam Y Harel, MD, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
VA Office of Research and Development
Locations
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Department of Physical Therapy, Motor Control and NeuroRecovery Laboratory
Staten Island, New York, United States
Site Status
Veterans Affairs Medical Center
The Bronx, New York, United States
Site Status
Countries
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United States
References
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Marino RJ, Barros T, Biering-Sorensen F, Burns SP, Donovan WH, Graves DE, Haak M, Hudson LM, Priebe MM; ASIA Neurological Standards Committee 2002. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2003 Spring;26 Suppl 1:S50-6. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2003.11754575. No abstract available.
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Einhorn J, Li A, Hazan R, Knikou M. Cervicothoracic multisegmental transpinal evoked potentials in humans. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 7;8(10):e76940. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076940. eCollection 2013.
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Hajela N, Mummidisetty CK, Smith AC, Knikou M. Corticospinal reorganization after locomotor training in a person with motor incomplete paraplegia. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:516427. doi: 10.1155/2013/516427. Epub 2012 Dec 26.
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Hofstoetter US, Knikou M, Guertin PA, Minassian K. Probing the Human Spinal Locomotor Circuits by Phasic Step-Induced Feedback and by Tonic Electrical and Pharmacological Neuromodulation. Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(12):1805-1820. doi: 10.2174/1381612822666161214144655.
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Knikou M. Neurophysiological characterization of transpinal evoked potentials in human leg muscles. Bioelectromagnetics. 2013 Dec;34(8):630-40. doi: 10.1002/bem.21808. Epub 2013 Sep 20.
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Knikou M. Functional reorganization of soleus H-reflex modulation during stepping after robotic-assisted step training in people with complete and incomplete spinal cord injury. Exp Brain Res. 2013 Jul;228(3):279-96. doi: 10.1007/s00221-013-3560-y. Epub 2013 May 25.
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Knikou M. Transpinal and transcortical stimulation alter corticospinal excitability and increase spinal output. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 9;9(7):e102313. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102313. eCollection 2014.
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Knikou M, Angeli CA, Ferreira CK, Harkema SJ. Soleus H-reflex modulation during body weight support treadmill walking in spinal cord intact and injured subjects. Exp Brain Res. 2009 Mar;193(3):397-407. doi: 10.1007/s00221-008-1636-x. Epub 2008 Nov 15.
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Knikou M, Angeli CA, Ferreira CK, Harkema SJ. Flexion reflex modulation during stepping in human spinal cord injury. Exp Brain Res. 2009 Jul;196(3):341-51. doi: 10.1007/s00221-009-1854-x. Epub 2009 May 26.
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Knikou M, Conway BA. Effects of electrically induced muscle contraction on flexion reflex in human spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2005 Nov;43(11):640-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101772.
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Knikou M, Dixon L, Santora D, Ibrahim MM. Transspinal constant-current long-lasting stimulation: a new method to induce cortical and corticospinal plasticity. J Neurophysiol. 2015 Sep;114(3):1486-99. doi: 10.1152/jn.00449.2015. Epub 2015 Jun 24.
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Knikou M, Smith AC, Mummidisetty CK. Locomotor training improves reciprocal and nonreciprocal inhibitory control of soleus motoneurons in human spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol. 2015 Apr 1;113(7):2447-60. doi: 10.1152/jn.00872.2014. Epub 2015 Jan 21.
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Knikou M, Hajela N, Mummidisetty CK, Xiao M, Smith AC. Soleus H-reflex phase-dependent modulation is preserved during stepping within a robotic exoskeleton. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011 Jul;122(7):1396-404. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.12.044. Epub 2011 Jan 14.
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Knikou M, Hajela N, Mummidisetty CK. Corticospinal excitability during walking in humans with absent and partial body weight support. Clin Neurophysiol. 2013 Dec;124(12):2431-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.06.004. Epub 2013 Jun 28.
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Knikou M, Mummidisetty CK. Locomotor training improves premotoneuronal control after chronic spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol. 2014 Jun 1;111(11):2264-75. doi: 10.1152/jn.00871.2013. Epub 2014 Mar 5.
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Minassian K, Hofstoetter US. Spinal Cord Stimulation and Augmentative Control Strategies for Leg Movement after Spinal Paralysis in Humans. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2016 Apr;22(4):262-70. doi: 10.1111/cns.12530. Epub 2016 Feb 18.
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Minassian K, Hofstoetter US, Danner SM, Mayr W, Bruce JA, McKay WB, Tansey KE. Spinal Rhythm Generation by Step-Induced Feedback and Transcutaneous Posterior Root Stimulation in Complete Spinal Cord-Injured Individuals. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2016 Mar;30(3):233-43. doi: 10.1177/1545968315591706. Epub 2015 Jun 18.
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Murray LM, Knikou M. Remodeling Brain Activity by Repetitive Cervicothoracic Transspinal Stimulation after Human Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurol. 2017 Feb 20;8:50. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00050. eCollection 2017.
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Smith AC, Knikou M. A Review on Locomotor Training after Spinal Cord Injury: Reorganization of Spinal Neuronal Circuits and Recovery of Motor Function. Neural Plast. 2016;2016:1216258. doi: 10.1155/2016/1216258. Epub 2016 May 11.
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Smith AC, Mummidisetty CK, Rymer WZ, Knikou M. Locomotor training alters the behavior of flexor reflexes during walking in human spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol. 2014 Nov 1;112(9):2164-75. doi: 10.1152/jn.00308.2014. Epub 2014 Aug 13.
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Smith AC, Rymer WZ, Knikou M. Locomotor training modifies soleus monosynaptic motoneuron responses in human spinal cord injury. Exp Brain Res. 2015 Jan;233(1):89-103. doi: 10.1007/s00221-014-4094-7. Epub 2014 Sep 10.
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Thomas SL, Gorassini MA. Increases in corticospinal tract function by treadmill training after incomplete spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol. 2005 Oct;94(4):2844-55. doi: 10.1152/jn.00532.2005. Epub 2005 Jul 6.
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Wirz M, Zemon DH, Rupp R, Scheel A, Colombo G, Dietz V, Hornby TG. Effectiveness of automated locomotor training in patients with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury: a multicenter trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Apr;86(4):672-80. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.08.004.
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Other Identifiers
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C33276GG
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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