Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
24 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2008-09-30
2012-03-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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In the acute testing phase, volunteers (healthy and diabetic) will be asked to attend 4 visits one week apart for the duration of 3 hours per visit. A fasting blood sample will be collected at each visit. At each visit, all volunteers will consume in random order 1 of the following 4 products: i) crackers containing buckwheat; ii) crackers without buckwheat); iii) 50 mls of oral solution containing glucose; or iv) 50 mls of oral solution containing the sugar substitute Splenda. The crackers will contain equal amounts of available carbohydrates. Blood sampling will occur at 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes, and then every 60 minutes for the remainder of the visit. Sampling (pre and post product consumption) will measure insulin, glucose, and various incretins. Open venous access will be secured after the first sample has been obtained to minimize the number of needle pricks. Total amount of blood obtained will not exceed 30 mls per visit.
In the chronic testing phase, volunteers (healthy and diabetic) will receive the crackers containing buckwheat for consumption each day for 7 days. Prior to food consumption, a fasting blood sample will be obtained each day and a urine sample will be collected on Days 1, 3, and 7 to assess bioavailability of buckwheat compounds (concentrations in blood and urine), insulin and glucose. Sampling for a lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides), liver (ALT), kidney (creatinine), adipose function (adipokines), various incretins, as well as inflammatory status (various cytokines) will be done on Day 1 and Day 7. Total amount of blood obtained will not exceed 30 mls per visit.
Conditions
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Study Design
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COHORT
PROSPECTIVE
Study Groups
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12 healthy volunteers
Healthy volunteers are randomized to 1 of 4 products over 4 weekly visits: i)buckwheat crackers;ii)crackers without buckwheat; iii)oral glucose; iv) oral sugar substitute, followed by 7 days of buckwheat crackers.
buckwheat, rice crackers, glucose, sugar substitute
crackers contain equal amounts of available carbohydrates; 50 mls of oral solution for both glucose and Splenda
12 Participants with Type 2 diabetes
Volunteers with type 2 diabetes are randomized to 1 of 4 products over 4 weekly visits: i)buckwheat crackers;ii)crackers without buckwheat; iii)oral glucose; iv) oral sugar substitute, followed by 7 days of buckwheat crackers.
buckwheat, rice crackers, glucose, sugar substitute
crackers contain equal amounts of available carbohydrates; 50 mls of oral solution for both glucose and Splenda
Interventions
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buckwheat, rice crackers, glucose, sugar substitute
crackers contain equal amounts of available carbohydrates; 50 mls of oral solution for both glucose and Splenda
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* normal glycated hemoglobin (\<6% healthy, \<7.5% diabetic)
* absence of chronic conditions (except Type 2 diabetes)
* must be able to read and sign consent
* must be able to comply with protocol requirements
Exclusion Criteria
* acute or chronic conditions (except Type 2 diabetes)
* blood glucose \>10mmol/L at beginning of test session
* medications that affect glycemic control
18 Years
70 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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University of Manitoba
OTHER
St. Boniface Hospital
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Dr.Peter Zahradka
Professor, Department of Physiology
Principal Investigators
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Peter C Zahradka, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health & Medicine
Locations
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I.H. Asper Clinical Research Institute
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Countries
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References
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Qureshi AA, Sami SA, Khan FA. Effects of stabilized rice bran, its soluble and fiber fractions on blood glucose levels and serum lipid parameters in humans with diabetes mellitus Types I and II. J Nutr Biochem. 2002 Mar;13(3):175-187. doi: 10.1016/s0955-2863(01)00211-x.
Knekt P, Kumpulainen J, Jarvinen R, Rissanen H, Heliovaara M, Reunanen A, Hakulinen T, Aromaa A. Flavonoid intake and risk of chronic diseases. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Sep;76(3):560-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76.3.560.
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Larner J, Huang LC, Suzuki S, Tang G, Zhang C, Schwartz CF, Romero G, Luttrell L, Kennington AS. Insulin mediators and the control of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1989;573:297-305. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb15006.x. No abstract available.
Varela-Nieto I, Leon Y, Caro HN. Cell signalling by inositol phosphoglycans from different species. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 1996 Oct;115(2):223-41. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(96)00087-9.
Field MC. Is there evidence for phospho-oligosaccharides as insulin mediators? Glycobiology. 1997 Mar;7(2):161-8. doi: 10.1093/glycob/7.2.161-d. No abstract available.
Jones DR, Varela-Nieto I. The role of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol in signal transduction. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1998 Mar;30(3):313-26. doi: 10.1016/s1357-2725(97)00144-1.
Oku A, Ueta K, Arakawa K, Ishihara T, Nawano M, Kuronuma Y, Matsumoto M, Saito A, Tsujihara K, Anai M, Asano T, Kanai Y, Endou H. T-1095, an inhibitor of renal Na+-glucose cotransporters, may provide a novel approach to treating diabetes. Diabetes. 1999 Sep;48(9):1794-800. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.48.9.1794.
Adachi T, Yasuda K, Okamoto Y, Shihara N, Oku A, Ueta K, Kitamura K, Saito A, Iwakura I, Yamada Y, Yano H, Seino Y, Tsuda K. T-1095, a renal Na+-glucose transporter inhibitor, improves hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Metabolism. 2000 Aug;49(8):990-5. doi: 10.1053/meta.2000.7729.
Ueta K, Ishihara T, Matsumoto Y, Oku A, Nawano M, Fujita T, Saito A, Arakawa K. Long-term treatment with the Na+-glucose cotransporter inhibitor T-1095 causes sustained improvement in hyperglycemia and prevents diabetic neuropathy in Goto-Kakizaki Rats. Life Sci. 2005 Apr 22;76(23):2655-68. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.09.038.
Nawano M, Oku A, Ueta K, Umebayashi I, Ishirahara T, Arakawa K, Saito A, Anai M, Kikuchi M, Asano T. Hyperglycemia contributes insulin resistance in hepatic and adipose tissue but not skeletal muscle of ZDF rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Mar;278(3):E535-43. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.3.E535.
Skrabanja V, Liljeberg Elmstahl HG, Kreft I, Bjorck IM. Nutritional properties of starch in buckwheat products: studies in vitro and in vivo. J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Jan;49(1):490-6. doi: 10.1021/jf000779w.
Bray GA. Evaluation of obesity. Who are the obese? Postgrad Med. 2003 Dec;114(6):19-27, 38. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2003.12.1544.
Ball GD, McCargar LJ. Childhood obesity in Canada: a review of prevalence estimates and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Can J Appl Physiol. 2003 Feb;28(1):117-40. doi: 10.1139/h03-010.
Lu C et al. (1992) Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Buckwheat; Lin R, Zhou M, Tao Y, Li J, Zhang, Z. Eds; Agriculture Publishing House: Beijing,China; pp 458-464.
Wang J et al. (1992) Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Buckwheat; Lin R, Zhou M, Tao Y, Li J, Zhang, Z. Eds; Agriculture Publishing House: Beijing, China; pp 465-467.
Horbowicz M & Obendorf RL. (1994) Seed Sci Res 4: 385-405.
Obendorf RL, Steadman KJ, Fuller DJ, Horbowicz M, Lewis BA. Molecular structure of fagopyritol A1 (O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-D-chiro-inositol) by NMR. Carbohydr Res. 2000 Oct 6;328(4):623-7. doi: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00133-6.
Steadman KJ, Burgoon MS, Schuster RL, Lewis BA, Edwardson SE, Obendorf RL. Fagopyritols, D-chiro-inositol, and other soluble carbohydrates in buckwheat seed milling fractions. J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Jul;48(7):2843-7. doi: 10.1021/jf990709t.
Steadman KJ, Fuller DJ, Obendorf RL. Purification and molecular structure of two digalactosyl D-chiro-inositols and two trigalactosyl D-chiro-inositols from buckwheat seeds. Carbohydr Res. 2001 Mar 9;331(1):19-25. doi: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00320-7.
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Other Identifiers
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buckwheat study
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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