Study Results
Results available
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View full resultsBasic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
NA
Total Enrollment
114 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2004-12-31
Study Completion Date
2020-08-31
Brief Summary
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The primary purpose is to determine whether infants with a unilateral congenital cataract are more likely to develop better vision following cataract extraction surgery if they undergo primary implantation of an intraocular lens or if they are treated primarily with a contact lens. In addition, the study will compare the occurrence of postoperative complications and the degree of parental stress between the two treatments.
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Detailed Description
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Intraocular lenses are now a commonly accepted treatment for cataracts in older children and are used increasingly in younger children and infants. Intraocular lenses are superior to contact lenses in that they more closely replicate the optics of the crystalline lens, do not require daily ongoing care, and ensure at least a partial optical correction at all times. The simplicity and improved visual outcome of an intraocular lens correction may make caring for a child with a unilateral congenital cataract less stressful for parents. However, contact lenses remain the accepted treatment for children under 1 year of age due to concerns about the long-term safety of intraocular lenses and the potential for a large myopic shift developing in these eyes as they grow. Contact lenses provide excellent visual results in infants treated for bilateral congenital cataracts; however, two-thirds of infants treated with contact lenses for unilateral congenital cataracts remain legally blind in their aphakic eye. These poor visual outcomes are usually ascribed to competition from the sound eye and poor compliance with patching and contact lens wear regimens. Data from our pilot study and the literature suggest that superior visual results can be obtained if an intraocular lens is used to correct unilateral aphakia during infancy, but these eyes will experience more complications. Intraocular lenses will be increasingly implanted in infants regardless of whether or not we perform this trial. By performing this clinical trial, we can determine if the higher rate of complications with intraocular lenses is offset by improved visual outcome and decreased parenting stress.
The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) is a multi-center randomized clinical trial comparing intraocular lens and contact lens correction for monocular aphakia. Infants will be enrolled over a 4 year period. Infants 28 to 210 days of age with a visually significant cataract in one eye are eligible. Cataract surgery will be performed in a standardized fashion by a surgeon who has been certified for the study. Surgery consists of a lensectomy, posterior capsulotomy, and anterior vitrectomy. Infants will be randomized at the time of surgery to one of two treatment groups. Infants randomized to the intraocular lens group will have an intraocular lens implanted into the capsular bag. Spectacles will subsequently be used to correct the residual refractive errors. Infants randomized to the contact lens group will be fitted with a contact lens immediately after surgery. Both groups will receive the same patching therapy and follow-up. All children will be examined by Investigators at fixed intervals using standard protocols with the major endpoint assessed at age 12 months by a Traveling Vision Examiner.
We are currently in a continuation of this project (beyond 5 years) in order to assess which of these patients have glaucoma or glaucoma suspect at age 10.5 years. Our goal is to understand which type of initial optical correction, an IOL or a CL, results in the best long-term visual outcome following unilateral congenital cataract surgery during infancy. Our central hypothesis is that primary IOL implantation will result in a better visual outcome. The rationale for this proposal is that final visual acuity cannot be determined by 5 years of age and the recommendation for early treatment can only be substantiated by adequate long-term assessment in this unique cohort. We chose a follow-up to age 10.5 years because it will provide a more accurate assessment of visual acuity and will allow us to diagnosis most cases of glaucoma.
The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) is a multi-center randomized clinical trial comparing intraocular lens and contact lens correction for monocular aphakia. Infants will be enrolled over a 4 year period. Infants 28 to 210 days of age with a visually significant cataract in one eye are eligible. Cataract surgery will be performed in a standardized fashion by a surgeon who has been certified for the study. Surgery consists of a lensectomy, posterior capsulotomy, and anterior vitrectomy. Infants will be randomized at the time of surgery to one of two treatment groups. Infants randomized to the intraocular lens group will have an intraocular lens implanted into the capsular bag. Spectacles will subsequently be used to correct the residual refractive errors. Infants randomized to the contact lens group will be fitted with a contact lens immediately after surgery. Both groups will receive the same patching therapy and follow-up. All children will be examined by Investigators at fixed intervals using standard protocols with the major endpoint assessed at age 12 months by a Traveling Vision Examiner.
We are currently in a continuation of this project (beyond 5 years) in order to assess which of these patients have glaucoma or glaucoma suspect at age 10.5 years. Our goal is to understand which type of initial optical correction, an IOL or a CL, results in the best long-term visual outcome following unilateral congenital cataract surgery during infancy. Our central hypothesis is that primary IOL implantation will result in a better visual outcome. The rationale for this proposal is that final visual acuity cannot be determined by 5 years of age and the recommendation for early treatment can only be substantiated by adequate long-term assessment in this unique cohort. We chose a follow-up to age 10.5 years because it will provide a more accurate assessment of visual acuity and will allow us to diagnosis most cases of glaucoma.
Conditions
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Congenital Cataract
Study Design
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Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Phase 3 is 10.5-year follow-up study since Phase 1. There is no intervention.
Primary Study Purpose
TREATMENT
Blinding Strategy
NONE
Study Groups
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aphakic contact lens
Contact lens correction of aphakia
INTERVENTION: use of an external contact lens (CL) to correct the large hyperopic refractive error produced by surgically extracting the natural cataractous lens. As the eye grows, the refractive error changes and the power of the CL can be changed accordingly.
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Contact lens correction of aphakia
Intervention Type
DEVICE
optical correction of infant surgical aphakia with Contact lens
aphakic intraocular lens
Intraocular lens implantation
INTERVENTION: At the time of surgery to remove the cataractous natural lens, an intraocular lens was implanted to correct the large hyperopic refractive error induced by the cataract surgery.
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
Intraocular lens implantation
Intervention Type
DEVICE
optical correction of surgical aphakia with intraocular lens
Interventions
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Contact lens correction of aphakia
optical correction of infant surgical aphakia with Contact lens
Intervention Type
DEVICE
Intraocular lens implantation
optical correction of surgical aphakia with intraocular lens
Intervention Type
DEVICE
Other Intervention Names
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Silsoft aphakic contact lens
rigid gas permeable contact lens
Alcon SA60AT
Alcon MA60AC
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Visually significant unilateral congenital cataract (central opacity equal to or greater than 3 mm in size).
* Cataract surgery performed when the patient is 28 to 210 days of age and at least 41 post-conceptional weeks.
* Cataract surgery performed when the patient is 28 to 210 days of age and at least 41 post-conceptional weeks.
Exclusion Criteria
* The cataract is known to be acquired from trauma or as a side-effect of a treatment administered postnatally such as radiation or medical therapy.
* A corneal diameter less than 9 mm measured in the horizontal meridian using calipers.
* An intraocular pressure of 25 mm Hg or greater in the affected eye measured with a Perkins tonometer, tonopen, or pneumatonometer.
* Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) causing stretching of the ciliary processes or a tractional retinal detachment.
* Active uveitis or signs suggestive of a previous episode of uveitis such as posterior synechiae or keratic precipitates.
* The child is the product of a pre-term pregnancy (\<36 gestational weeks). Screening for prematurity will be based on the clinician's best assessment of gestational age. If a physician is uncertain regarding the gestational age, review of medical records or contact with the pediatrician and/or obstetrician should be used to confirm gestational age at delivery. Unless a clinician is uncertain as to whether a child was born at less than 36 weeks or not, confirmation of gestational age via medical record review may be delayed until after enrollment.
* Retinal disease that may limit the visual potential of the eye such as retinopathy of prematurity.
* Previous intraocular surgery.
* Optic nerve disease that may limit the visual potential of the eye such as optic nerve hypoplasia.
* The fellow eye has ocular disease that might reduce its visual potential.
* The child has a medical condition known to limit the ability to obtain visual acuity at 12 months or 4 years of age.
* Refusal by the Parent/Legal Guardian to sign an informed consent or to be randomized to one of the two treatment groups.
* Follow-up of the child is not feasible because the child would not be able to return for regular follow-up examinations and the outcome assessments (e.g. transportation difficulties, relocation, etc.).
* A corneal diameter less than 9 mm measured in the horizontal meridian using calipers.
* An intraocular pressure of 25 mm Hg or greater in the affected eye measured with a Perkins tonometer, tonopen, or pneumatonometer.
* Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) causing stretching of the ciliary processes or a tractional retinal detachment.
* Active uveitis or signs suggestive of a previous episode of uveitis such as posterior synechiae or keratic precipitates.
* The child is the product of a pre-term pregnancy (\<36 gestational weeks). Screening for prematurity will be based on the clinician's best assessment of gestational age. If a physician is uncertain regarding the gestational age, review of medical records or contact with the pediatrician and/or obstetrician should be used to confirm gestational age at delivery. Unless a clinician is uncertain as to whether a child was born at less than 36 weeks or not, confirmation of gestational age via medical record review may be delayed until after enrollment.
* Retinal disease that may limit the visual potential of the eye such as retinopathy of prematurity.
* Previous intraocular surgery.
* Optic nerve disease that may limit the visual potential of the eye such as optic nerve hypoplasia.
* The fellow eye has ocular disease that might reduce its visual potential.
* The child has a medical condition known to limit the ability to obtain visual acuity at 12 months or 4 years of age.
* Refusal by the Parent/Legal Guardian to sign an informed consent or to be randomized to one of the two treatment groups.
* Follow-up of the child is not feasible because the child would not be able to return for regular follow-up examinations and the outcome assessments (e.g. transportation difficulties, relocation, etc.).
Minimum Eligible Age
28 Days
Maximum Eligible Age
210 Days
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
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National Eye Institute (NEI)
NIH
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Alcon Research
INDUSTRY
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Bausch & Lomb Incorporated
INDUSTRY
Sponsor Role
collaborator
BSN-JOBST Inc.
INDUSTRY
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Eye Care and Cure
INDUSTRY
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Stanford University
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Scott Reed Lambert
Professor
Responsibility Role
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Principal Investigators
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Scott Lambert, MD
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Stanford University
Locations
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Stanford University
Palo Alto, California, United States
Site Status
Miami Children's Hospital
Miami, Florida, United States
Site Status
Emory Eye Center
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Site Status
Indiana University Medical Center
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Site Status
Harvard University
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Site Status
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Site Status
Duke University Eye Center
Durham, North Carolina, United States
Site Status
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Site Status
Oregon Health and Science University
Portland, Oregon, United States
Site Status
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina, United States
Site Status
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Site Status
Pediatric Ophthalmology, P.A.
Dallas, Texas, United States
Site Status
Baylor University
Houston, Texas, United States
Site Status
Countries
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United States
References
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Bothun ED, Lynn MJ, Lambert SR. Author reply: To PMID 23419803. Ophthalmology. 2014 Oct;121(10):e53. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.011. Epub 2014 Jun 6. No abstract available.
Reference Type
RESULT
Traboulsi EI, Vanderveen D, Morrison D, Drews-Botsch CD, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Associated systemic and ocular disorders in patients with congenital unilateral cataracts: the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study experience. Eye (Lond). 2016 Sep;30(9):1170-4. doi: 10.1038/eye.2016.124. Epub 2016 Jun 17.
Reference Type
RESULT
Drews-Botsch C, Celano M, Cotsonis G, Hartmann EE, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Association Between Occlusion Therapy and Optotype Visual Acuity in Children Using Data From the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016 Aug 1;134(8):863-9. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.1365.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lambert SR, Plager DA, Lynn MJ, Wilson ME. Visual outcome following the reduction or cessation of patching therapy after early unilateral cataract surgery. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Aug;126(8):1071-4. doi: 10.1001/archopht.126.8.1071.
Reference Type
RESULT
Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group; Lambert SR, Buckley EG, Drews-Botsch C, DuBois L, Hartmann E, Lynn MJ, Plager DA, Wilson ME. The infant aphakia treatment study: design and clinical measures at enrollment. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010 Jan;128(1):21-7. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.350.
Reference Type
RESULT
Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group; Lambert SR, Buckley EG, Drews-Botsch C, DuBois L, Hartmann EE, Lynn MJ, Plager DA, Wilson ME. A randomized clinical trial comparing contact lens with intraocular lens correction of monocular aphakia during infancy: grating acuity and adverse events at age 1 year. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010 Jul;128(7):810-8. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2010.101. Epub 2010 May 10.
Reference Type
RESULT
Plager DA, Lynn MJ, Buckley EG, Wilson ME, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Complications, adverse events, and additional intraocular surgery 1 year after cataract surgery in the infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Ophthalmology. 2011 Dec;118(12):2330-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.017. Epub 2011 Sep 16.
Reference Type
RESULT
Morrison DG, Wilson ME, Trivedi RH, Lambert SR, Lynn MJ; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: effects of persistent fetal vasculature on outcome at 1 year of age. J AAPOS. 2011 Oct;15(5):427-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.06.004.
Reference Type
RESULT
Wilson ME, Trivedi RH, Morrison DG, Lambert SR, Buckley EG, Plager DA, Lynn MJ; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: evaluation of cataract morphology in eyes with monocular cataracts. J AAPOS. 2011 Oct;15(5):421-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.05.016.
Reference Type
RESULT
Drews-Botsch CD, Hartmann EE, Celano M; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Predictors of adherence to occlusion therapy 3 months after cataract extraction in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. J AAPOS. 2012 Apr;16(2):150-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.12.149.
Reference Type
RESULT
Beck AD, Freedman SF, Lynn MJ, Bothun E, Neely DE, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Glaucoma-related adverse events in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: 1-year results. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Mar;130(3):300-5. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.347. Epub 2011 Nov 14.
Reference Type
RESULT
VanderVeen DK, Nizam A, Lynn MJ, Bothun ED, McClatchey SK, Weakley DR, DuBois LG, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Predictability of intraocular lens calculation and early refractive status: the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Mar;130(3):293-9. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.358.
Reference Type
RESULT
Russell B, Ward MA, Lynn M, Dubois L, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. The infant aphakia treatment study contact lens experience: one-year outcomes. Eye Contact Lens. 2012 Jul;38(4):234-9. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0b013e3182562dc0.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lambert SR, Purohit A, Superak HM, Lynn MJ, Beck AD. Long-term risk of glaucoma after congenital cataract surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013 Aug;156(2):355-361.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2013.03.013. Epub 2013 Apr 30.
Reference Type
RESULT
Carrigan AK, DuBois LG, Becker ER, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Cost of intraocular lens versus contact lens treatment after unilateral congenital cataract surgery: retrospective analysis at age 1 year. Ophthalmology. 2013 Jan;120(1):14-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.07.049. Epub 2012 Oct 6.
Reference Type
RESULT
Trivedi RH, Lambert SR, Lynn MJ, Wilson ME; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. The role of preoperative biometry in selecting initial contact lens power in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. J AAPOS. 2014 Jun;18(3):251-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2014.01.012.
Reference Type
RESULT
Vanderveen DK, Trivedi RH, Nizam A, Lynn MJ, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Predictability of intraocular lens power calculation formulae in infantile eyes with unilateral congenital cataract: results from the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013 Dec;156(6):1252-1260.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2013.07.014. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
Reference Type
RESULT
Hartmann EE, Stout AU, Lynn MJ, Yen KG, Kruger SJ, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Stereopsis results at 4.5 years of age in the infant aphakia treatment study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015 Jan;159(1):64-70.e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.09.028. Epub 2014 Sep 28.
Reference Type
RESULT
Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group; Lambert SR, Lynn MJ, Hartmann EE, DuBois L, Drews-Botsch C, Freedman SF, Plager DA, Buckley EG, Wilson ME. Comparison of contact lens and intraocular lens correction of monocular aphakia during infancy: a randomized clinical trial of HOTV optotype acuity at age 4.5 years and clinical findings at age 5 years. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014 Jun;132(6):676-82. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.531.
Reference Type
RESULT
Kruger SJ, DuBois L, Becker ER, Morrison D, Wilson L, Wilson ME Jr, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Cost of intraocular lens versus contact lens treatment after unilateral congenital cataract surgery in the infant aphakia treatment study at age 5 years. Ophthalmology. 2015 Feb;122(2):288-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.08.037. Epub 2014 Oct 29.
Reference Type
RESULT
Wall PB, Lee JA, Lynn MJ, Lambert SR, Traboulsi EI; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. The effects of surgical factors on postoperative astigmatism in patients enrolled in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS). J AAPOS. 2014 Oct;18(5):441-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2014.06.016. Epub 2014 Sep 27.
Reference Type
RESULT
Bothun ED, Cleveland J, Lynn MJ, Christiansen SP, Vanderveen DK, Neely DE, Kruger SJ, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakic Treatment Study. One-year strabismus outcomes in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Ophthalmology. 2013 Jun;120(6):1227-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.11.039. Epub 2013 Feb 16.
Reference Type
RESULT
Freedman SF, Lynn MJ, Beck AD, Bothun ED, Orge FH, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Glaucoma-Related Adverse Events in the First 5 Years After Unilateral Cataract Removal in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015 Aug;133(8):907-14. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.1329.
Reference Type
RESULT
Plager DA, Lynn MJ, Buckley EG, Wilson ME, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Complications in the first 5 years following cataract surgery in infants with and without intraocular lens implantation in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 Nov;158(5):892-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.07.031. Epub 2014 Jul 29.
Reference Type
RESULT
Morrison DG, Lynn MJ, Freedman SF, Orge FH, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Corneal Changes in Children after Unilateral Cataract Surgery in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Ophthalmology. 2015 Nov;122(11):2186-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.07.011. Epub 2015 Aug 11.
Reference Type
RESULT
VanderVeen DK, Trivedi RH, Nizam A, Lynn MJ, Lambert SR. Reply: To PMID 24011524. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 Jun;157(6):1332-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.02.053. No abstract available.
Reference Type
RESULT
Kumar P, Lambert SR. Evaluating the evidence for and against the use of IOLs in infants and young children. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2016;13(4):381-9. doi: 10.1586/17434440.2016.1153967. Epub 2016 Feb 29.
Reference Type
RESULT
Bothun ED, Lynn MJ, Christiansen SP, Neely DE, Vanderveen DK, Kruger SJ, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Sensorimotor outcomes by age 5 years after monocular cataract surgery in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS). J AAPOS. 2016 Feb;20(1):49-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2015.11.002.
Reference Type
RESULT
Celano M, Hartmann EE, DuBois LG, Drews-Botsch C; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Motor skills of children with unilateral visual impairment in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016 Feb;58(2):154-9. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12832. Epub 2015 Jun 17.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lambert SR, Plager DA, Buckley EG, Wilson ME, DuBois L, Drews-Botsch CD, Hartmann EE, Lynn MJ; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: further on intra- and postoperative complications in the intraocular lens group. J AAPOS. 2015 Apr;19(2):101-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2015.01.012. No abstract available.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lambert SR, Lynn MJ, Hartmann EE; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. In reply. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014 Dec;132(12):1492-3. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.3542. No abstract available.
Reference Type
RESULT
Celano M, Hartmann EE, Drews-Botsch CD; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Parenting stress in the infant aphakia treatment study. J Pediatr Psychol. 2013 Jun;38(5):484-93. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jst009. Epub 2013 Mar 9.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lenhart PD, Courtright P, Wilson ME, Lewallen S, Taylor DS, Ventura MC, Bowman R, Woodward L, Ditta LC, Kruger S, Haddad D, El Shakankiri N, Rai SK, Bailey T, Lambert SR. Global challenges in the management of congenital cataract: proceedings of the 4th International Congenital Cataract Symposium held on March 7, 2014, New York, New York. J AAPOS. 2015 Apr;19(2):e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2015.01.013.
Reference Type
RESULT
Nguyen M, Shainberg M, Beck AD, Lambert SR. Structural changes of the anterior chamber following cataract surgery during infancy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015 Aug;41(8):1784-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2015.07.001. No abstract available.
Reference Type
RESULT
Russell B, DuBois L, Lynn M, Ward MA, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Contact Lens Experience to Age 5 Years. Eye Contact Lens. 2017 Nov;43(6):352-357. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000291.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lambert SR. The timing of surgery for congenital cataracts: Minimizing the risk of glaucoma following cataract surgery while optimizing the visual outcome. J AAPOS. 2016 Jun;20(3):191-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2016.04.003. Epub 2016 May 11. No abstract available.
Reference Type
RESULT
Celano M, Cotsonis GA, Hartmann EE, Drews-Botsch C; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Behaviors of children with unilateral vision impairment in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. J AAPOS. 2016 Aug;20(4):320-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2016.04.008. Epub 2016 Jul 14.
Reference Type
RESULT
Drews-Botsch C, Cotsonis G, Celano M, Lambert SR. Assessment of Adherence to Visual Correction and Occlusion Therapy in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2016 Aug 15;3:158-166. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2016.05.009. Epub 2016 May 30.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lambert SR, DuBois L, Cotsonis G, Hartmann EE, Drews-Botsch C. Factors associated with stereopsis and a good visual acuity outcome among children in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Eye (Lond). 2016 Sep;30(9):1221-8. doi: 10.1038/eye.2016.164. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
Reference Type
RESULT
Bothun ED, Lynn MJ, Christiansen SP, Kruger SJ, Vanderveen DK, Neely DE, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakic Treatment Study. Strabismus surgery outcomes in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) at age 5 years. J AAPOS. 2016 Dec;20(6):501-505. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2016.09.014. Epub 2016 Nov 2.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lambert SR, Cotsonis G, DuBois L, Wilson ME, Plager DA, Buckley EG, McClatchey SK; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Comparison of the rate of refractive growth in aphakic eyes versus pseudophakic eyes in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016 Dec;42(12):1768-1773. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2016.09.021.
Reference Type
RESULT
Cooke DL. Predictability of intraocular lens power calculation formulae in infantile eyes with unilateral congenital cataract: results from the infant aphakia treatment study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 Jun;157(6):1332. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.02.051. No abstract available.
Reference Type
RESULT
Drews-Botsch CD, Celano M, Kruger S, Hartmann EE; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Adherence to occlusion therapy in the first six months of follow-up and visual acuity among participants in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012 Jun 5;53(7):3368-75. doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-8457.
Reference Type
RESULT
Felius J, Busettini C, Lynn MJ, Hartmann EE, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Nystagmus and related fixation instabilities following extraction of unilateral infantile cataract in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Aug 5;55(8):5332-7. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-14710.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lambert SR, Lynn MJ, DuBois LG, Cotsonis GA, Hartmann EE, Wilson ME; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Groups. Axial elongation following cataract surgery during the first year of life in the infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012 Nov 7;53(12):7539-45. doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-10285.
Reference Type
RESULT
Wilson ME, Trivedi RH, Weakley DR Jr, Cotsonis GA, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Globe Axial Length Growth at Age 5 Years in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Ophthalmology. 2017 May;124(5):730-733. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.01.010. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
Reference Type
RESULT
Weakley DR Jr, Lynn MJ, Dubois L, Cotsonis G, Wilson ME, Buckley EG, Plager DA, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Myopic Shift 5 Years after Intraocular Lens Implantation in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Ophthalmology. 2017 Jun;124(6):822-827. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.12.040. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
Reference Type
RESULT
Plager DA, Lynn MJ, Lambert SR, Buckley EG, Wilson ME; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Reply: To PMID 25077835. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 Dec;158(6):1361-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.09.019. Epub 2014 Nov 18. No abstract available.
Reference Type
RESULT
Weakley D, Cotsonis G, Wilson ME, Plager DA, Buckley EG, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Anisometropia at Age 5 Years After Unilateral Intraocular Lens Implantation During Infancy in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017 Aug;180:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.05.008. Epub 2017 May 17.
Reference Type
RESULT
Traboulsi EI, Freedman SF, Wilson ME Jr, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Cataract morphology and risk for glaucoma after cataract surgery in infants with unilateral congenital cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2017 Dec;43(12):1611-1612. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2017.10.032. No abstract available.
Reference Type
RESULT
Koo EB, VanderVeen DK, Lambert SR. Global Practice Patterns in the Management of Infantile Cataracts. Eye Contact Lens. 2018 Nov;44 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S292-S296. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000461.
Reference Type
RESULT
Cromelin CH, Drews-Botsch C, Russell B, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Association of Contact Lens Adherence With Visual Outcome in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018 Mar 1;136(3):279-285. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.6691.
Reference Type
RESULT
Weakley DR Jr, Lynn MJ, Dubois L, Cotsonis G, Wilson ME, Buckley EG, Plager DA, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Reply. Ophthalmology. 2018 Oct;125(10):e69-e70. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.03.058. No abstract available.
Reference Type
RESULT
Hartmann EE, Drews-Botsch C, DuBois LG, Cotsonis G, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Correlation of monocular grating acuity at age 12 months with recognition acuity at age 4.5 years: findings from the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. J AAPOS. 2018 Aug;22(4):299-303.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2018.03.011. Epub 2018 Jul 20.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lambert SR, DuBois L, Cotsonis G, Hartmann EE, Drews-Botsch C; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Spectacle Adherence Among Four-Year-Old Children in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019 Apr;200:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.12.017. Epub 2019 Jan 8.
Reference Type
RESULT
Drews-Botsch C, Celano M, Cotsonis G, DuBois L, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Parenting Stress and Adherence to Occlusion Therapy in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2019 Jan 2;8(1):3. doi: 10.1167/tvst.8.1.3. eCollection 2019 Jan.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lambert SR, Bothun ED, Plager DA. Five-Year Postoperative Outcomes of Bilateral Aphakia and Pseudophakia in Children up to 2 Years of Age: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019 Mar;199:263-264. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.09.042. Epub 2018 Dec 19. No abstract available.
Reference Type
RESULT
Kruger SJ, Vanderveen DK, Freedman SF, Bothun E, Drews-Botsch CD, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Study Group. Third-Party Coverage for Aphakic Contact Lenses for Children. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2019 Jun 14;8(3):41. doi: 10.1167/tvst.8.3.41. eCollection 2019 May. No abstract available.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lambert SR, Cotsonis G, DuBois L, Nizam Ms A, Kruger SJ, Hartmann EE, Weakley DR Jr, Drews-Botsch C; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Long-term Effect of Intraocular Lens vs Contact Lens Correction on Visual Acuity After Cataract Surgery During Infancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020 Apr 1;138(4):365-372. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0006.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lambert SR, Nizam A, DuBois L, Cotsonis G, Weakley DR Jr, Wilson ME; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. The Myopic Shift in Aphakic Eyes in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study After 10 Years of Follow-up. Eye Contact Lens. 2021 Feb 1;47(2):108-112. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000718.
Reference Type
RESULT
Plager DA, Bothun ED, Freedman SF, Wilson ME, Lambert SR. Complications at 10 Years of Follow-up in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Ophthalmology. 2020 Nov;127(11):1581-1583. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.04.046. Epub 2020 May 11. No abstract available.
Reference Type
RESULT
Traboulsi EI, Drews-Botsch CD, Christiansen SP, Stout AU, Hartmann EE, Lambert SR; IATS Investigator Group. Rate of ocular trauma in children operated on for unilateral cataract in infancy-data from the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. J AAPOS. 2020 Oct;24(5):301-303. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2020.06.005. Epub 2020 Aug 31.
Reference Type
RESULT
VanderVeen DK, Drews-Botsch CD, Nizam A, Bothun ED, Wilson LB, Wilson ME, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Outcomes of secondary intraocular lens implantation in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2021 Feb 1;47(2):172-177. doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000412.
Reference Type
RESULT
McClatchey SK, McClatchey TS, Cotsonis G, Nizam A, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Refractive growth variability in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2021 Apr 1;47(4):512-515. doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000482.
Reference Type
RESULT
Freedman SF, Beck AD, Nizam A, Vanderveen DK, Plager DA, Morrison DG, Drews-Botsch CD, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Glaucoma-Related Adverse Events at 10 Years in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021 Feb 1;139(2):165-173. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5664.
Reference Type
RESULT
Weakley DR Jr, Nizam A, VanderVeen DK, Wilson ME, Kruger S, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Myopic Shift at 10-Year Follow-up in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Ophthalmology. 2022 Sep;129(9):1064-1065. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.04.004. Epub 2022 Apr 8.
Reference Type
RESULT
Oke I, VanderVeen DK, McClatchey TS, Lambert SR, McClatchey SK; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. The accuracy of intraocular lens calculation varies by age in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. J AAPOS. 2022 Jun;26(3):143-145. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2022.02.004. Epub 2022 May 6.
Reference Type
RESULT
Drews-Botsch C, Cotsonis G, Celano M, Hartmann EE, Zaidi J, Lambert SR. Patching in Children With Unilateral Congenital Cataract and Child Functioning and Parenting Stress. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2024 Jun 1;142(6):503-510. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.0800.
Reference Type
RESULT
Hartmann EE, Drews-Botsch C, DuBois L, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Stereopsis in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: outcome at 10(1/2) years. Eye (Lond). 2025 May;39(7):1426-1427. doi: 10.1038/s41433-025-03731-3. Epub 2025 Mar 8.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Bothun ED, Shainberg MJ, Christiansen SP, Vanderveen DK, Neely DE, Kruger SJ, Cotsonis G, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakic Treatment Study. Long-term strabismus outcomes after unilateral infantile cataract surgery in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. J AAPOS. 2022 Aug;26(4):174.e1-174.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2022.05.003. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Hartmann EE, Lynn MJ, Lambert SR; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Baseline characteristics of the infant aphakia treatment study population: predicting recognition acuity at 4.5 years of age. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Dec 11;56(1):388-95. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-15464.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Provided Documents
Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.
Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan
Document Type: Informed Consent Form
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.
EY013287
Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT
Identifier Source: secondary_id
EY013272
Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT
Identifier Source: secondary_id
NEI-108
Identifier Type: OTHER
Identifier Source: secondary_id
IRB00024837
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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