Addition of Efavirenz or Nelfinavir to a Lamivudine/Zidovudine/Indinavir HIV Treatment Regimen

NCT ID: NCT00000903

Last Updated: 2012-05-21

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

444 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Completion Date

2001-07-31

Brief Summary

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To compare time to a virologic failure (first of 2 consecutive plasma HIV RNA levels greater than or equal to 200 copies/ml at or after Week 24) of each 4-drug regimen vs the 3-drug regimen. To determine the safety, tolerance, and virologic benefits of either nelfinavir (NFV) or efavirenz (EFV) with indinavir/lamivudine/zidovudine (IDV/3TC/ZDV) vs IDV/3TC/ZDV alone, in the treatment of patients with advanced HIV disease who have received limited or no prior antiretroviral therapy.

Prior ACTG studies have shown that the 3-drug combination regimen (IDV/ZDV/3TC) resulted in improved clinical outcomes and therefore may prolong the effects of therapy. The enhanced effects seen with combination therapies are likely related to a greater suppression of RNA replication and alterations in resistance patterns. Due to the progressive success of combination regimens, it is possible that more potent regimens will further enhance viral suppression and provide more durable treatment responses. In light of the additive suppression of HIV replication determined by pharmacological, immunological, and virological results, nelfinavir (NFV) as an addition to IDV/ZDV/3TC will be evaluated. Based on the potency of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) to suppress viral replication and the effectiveness of 3-drug regimens containing NNRTIs, efavirenz (EFV) will also be evaluated as an addition to IDV/ZDV/3TC.

Detailed Description

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Prior ACTG studies have shown that the 3-drug combination regimen (IDV/ZDV/3TC) resulted in improved clinical outcomes and therefore may prolong the effects of therapy. The enhanced effects seen with combination therapies are likely related to a greater suppression of RNA replication and alterations in resistance patterns. Due to the progressive success of combination regimens, it is possible that more potent regimens will further enhance viral suppression and provide more durable treatment responses. In light of the additive suppression of HIV replication determined by pharmacological, immunological, and virological results, nelfinavir (NFV) as an addition to IDV/ZDV/3TC will be evaluated. Based on the potency of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) to suppress viral replication and the effectiveness of 3-drug regimens containing NNRTIs, efavirenz (EFV) will also be evaluated as an addition to IDV/ZDV/3TC.

Patients with HIV infection, CD4 cell count less than or equal to 200 cells/mm3 or plasma HIV RNA greater than or equal to 100,000 copies/ml, and limited (no prior 3TC, NNRTI, or protease inhibitor) or no prior antiretroviral treatment are randomized to 1 of 3 arms. Patients are stratified by CD4 cell count (less than or equal to 50 cells/mm3 vs greater than 50 cells/mm3), HIV-1 RNA copy number (less than or equal to 40,000 copies/ml vs greater than 40,000 copies/ml), and prior antiretroviral therapy (no therapy vs any therapy), and then randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment arms:

Arm 1: 3TC plus ZDV plus IDV. Arm 2: 3TC plus ZDV plus IDV plus EFV. Arm 3: 3TC plus ZDV plus IDV plus NFV. Patients are followed for at least 72 weeks \[AS PER AMENDMENT 2/16/99: 96 weeks\] beyond the enrollment of the last patient. Patients who experience virologic relapse will have the option of continuing randomized study medications, switching to Step 2 treatment, switching to another ACTG study, or seeking best available therapy for the remaining weeks of the study. Step 2 treatment consists of abacavir or 2 NNRTIs plus efavirenz plus amprenavir or another protease inhibitor. \[AS PER AMENDMENT 4/3/00: Optimally, Step 2 treatment regimens should contain 3 or 4 drugs to which the virus is susceptible. If this is not possible, a drug to which the virus is partially susceptible is acceptable, but a drug to which the virus is resistant should not be included.\]

Conditions

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HIV Infections

Study Design

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Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Interventions

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Indinavir sulfate

Intervention Type DRUG

Lamivudine/Zidovudine

Intervention Type DRUG

Nelfinavir mesylate

Intervention Type DRUG

Efavirenz

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Allowed:

* Chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
* Topical and oral antifungal agents (except for oral ketoconazole and itraconazole).
* All antibiotics as clinically indicated (unless otherwise excluded).
* Treatment, maintenance, or chemoprophylaxis with approved agents for opportunistic infections as clinically indicated (unless otherwise excluded).
* Systemic corticosteroids for 21 days or less for acute problems.
* Recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, filgrastim).
* Regularly prescribed medications such as antipyretics, analgesics, allergy medications, antidepressants, sleep medications, oral contraceptives, megestrol acetate, testosterone.
* Alternative therapies such as vitamins. Patients should report the use of these therapies.
* \[AS PER AMENDMENT 2/16/99: Rifabutin can be administered at a reduced dose.\]
* \[AS PER AMENDMENT 4/3/00: Systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy. Study team should be notified.\]
* \[AS PER AMENDMENT 4/3/00: Expanded access and compassionate use drugs are allowed as part of Step 2 treatment only.\]

Allowed with caution:

* \[AS PER AMENDMENT 4/3/00: Viagra (sildenafil citrate) at a reduced dose unless otherwise approved by the protocol chair.\]
* \[AS PER AMENDMENT 4/3/00: Lovastatin or simvastatin with PIs is not recommended. Caution should be exercised with the use of all other statins when used concomitantly with PIs.\]

Concurrent Treatment:

Allowed:

* Alternative therapies such as acupuncture and visualization techniques. Patients should report use of these therapies.

Patients must have:

* Documented HIV-1 infection.
* CD4 count less than or equal to 200 cells/mm3 or a plasma HIV RNA greater than or equal to 100,000 copies/ml \[AS PER AMENDMENT 2/16/99:
* 80,000 copies/ml\] within 60 days prior to entry.
* Other lab values performed within 14 days prior to entry.

Prior Medication:

Allowed:

* Zidovudine (ZDV), didanosine (ddI), stavudine (d4T), or zalcitabine (ddC) therapy alone or in combination any time prior to study entry.

Exclusion Criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

* All antiretroviral therapies other than study medications. \[AS PER AMENDMENT 4/3/00: Compassionate use and expanded access drugs are allowed as part of Step 2 treatment.\]
* Investigational drugs without specific approval from the Study Chair. \[AS PER AMENDMENT 4/3/00: Compassionate use and expanded access drugs are allowed as part of Step 2 treatment.\]
* Systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy. \[AS PER AMENDMENT 4/3/00: Systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy is allowed. Study team should be notified.\]
* Alprazolam, amiodarone, astemizole, bepridil, bupropion, cisapride, clorazepate, clozapine, diazepam, encainide, ergot alkaloids and derivatives of ergot alkaloids, estazolam, flecainide, flurazepam, itraconazole , ketoconazole, meperidine, midazolam, piroxicam, propafenone, propoxyphene, quinidine, rifabutin, rifampin, terfenadine, triazolam, or zolpidem. \[AS PER AMENDMENT 2/16/99: Amiodarone, astemizole, cisapride, ergot alkaloids or drugs containing derivatives of ergot alkaloids, itraconazole, midazolam, triazolam, quinidine, rifampin, terfenadine.\] \[AS PER AMENDMENT 4/3/00: Amiodarone, astemizole, bepridil, cisapride, ergot alkaloids and derivatives of ergot alkaloids, Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort), itraconazole, midazolam, quinidine, rifampin, terfenadine, triazolam.\]
* Vitamin E supplements. \[AS PER AMENDMENT 4/3/00: Multivitamins containing vitamin E are allowed.\]

Avoided:

* Herbal medications. Patients should report use.

Patients with the following prior conditions are excluded:

* Acute therapy for an infection or other medical illnesses within 14 days prior to study entry. \[AS PER AMENDMENT 2/16/99: Acute therapy for a serious infection or other serious medical illnesses that are potentially life-threatening and require systemic therapy and/or hospitalization within 14 days of study entry.\]

Prior Medication:

Excluded within 30 days prior to entry:

* More than 1 day experience with lamivudine (3TC), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, or protease inhibitor.
* Erythropoietin, G-CSF, or GM-CSF.
* Interferons, interleukins, HIV vaccines, or any experimental therapy.

Excluded within 14 days prior to entry:

* Alprazolam (Xanax), amiodarone (Cordarone), astemizole (Hismanal), bepridil (Vascor), bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban), cisapride (Propulsid), clorazepate (Tranxene), clozapine (Clozaril), diazepam (Valium), encainide (Enkaid), ergot alkaloids or drugs containing derivatives of ergot alkaloids, estazolam (ProSom), flecainide (Tambocor), flurazepam (Dalmane), itraconazole (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), meperidine (Demerol), midazolam (Versed), piroxicam (Feldene), propafenone (Rythmol), propoxyphene (Darvon, Darvocet), quinidine, rifabutin (Mycobutin), rifampin (Rifadin, Rifamate, Rifater, Rimactane), terfenadine (Seldane), triazolam (Halcion), or zolpidem (Ambien). \[AS PER AMENDMENT 2/16/99: Agents excluded within 14 days prior to entry are now as follows:
* amiodarone, astemizole, cisapride, ergot alkaloids or drugs containing derivatives of ergot alkaloids, itraconazole, midazolam, quinidine, rifampin, terfenadine, and triazolam.

Note:

* Rifabutin can be administered at a reduced dose of 150 mg/day.\]
Minimum Eligible Age

13 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

NIH

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Margaret Fischl

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Ann Collier

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Judith Feinberg

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Stefano Vella

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Locations

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Alabama Therapeutics CRS

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Site Status

USC CRS

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

UCLA CARE Center CRS

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Stanford CRS

Palo Alto, California, United States

Site Status

Ucsd, Avrc Crs

San Diego, California, United States

Site Status

Ucsf Aids Crs

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Santa Clara Valley Med. Ctr.

San Jose, California, United States

Site Status

San Mateo County AIDS Program

San Mateo, California, United States

Site Status

Marin County Dept. of Health & Human Services, HIV/AIDS Program & Specialty Clinic

San Rafael, California, United States

Site Status

Harbor-UCLA Med. Ctr. CRS

Torrance, California, United States

Site Status

University of Colorado Hospital CRS

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Howard University Hosp., Div. of Infectious Diseases, ACTU

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Miami AIDS CRS

Miami, Florida, United States

Site Status

The Ponce de Leon Ctr. CRS

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status

Queens Med. Ctr.

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Leahi Hosp.

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

Site Status

Northwestern University CRS

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Cook County Hosp. CORE Ctr.

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Rush Univ. Med. Ctr. ACTG CRS

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Weiss Memorial Hosp.

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Wishard Memorial

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Clinic

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Methodist Hosp. of Indiana

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Iowa Healthcare, Div. of Infectious Diseases

Iowa City, Iowa, United States

Site Status

Tulane Med. Ctr. - Charity Hosp. of New Orleans, ACTU

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Site Status

Johns Hopkins Adult AIDS CRS

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Ctr., ACTG CRS

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

University of Minnesota, ACTU

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

St. Louis ConnectCare, Infectious Diseases Clinic

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status

Washington U CRS

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Nebraska Med. Ctr., Durham Outpatient Ctr.

Omaha, Nebraska, United States

Site Status

SUNY - Buffalo, Erie County Medical Ctr.

Buffalo, New York, United States

Site Status

Beth Israel Med. Ctr., ACTU

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Cornell CRS

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Beth Israel Med. Ctr. (Mt. Sinai)

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Cornell University A2201

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

NY Univ. HIV/AIDS CRS

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Weill Med. College of Cornell Univ., The Cornell CTU

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Rochester ACTG CRS

Rochester, New York, United States

Site Status

Unc Aids Crs

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Carolinas HealthCare System, Carolinas Med. Ctr.

Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Duke Univ. Med. Ctr. Adult CRS

Durham, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Regional Center for Infectious Disease, Wendover Medical Center CRS

Greensboro, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Cincinnati CRS

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Case CRS

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status

MetroHealth CRS

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status

The Ohio State Univ. AIDS CRS

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Hosp. of the Univ. of Pennsylvania CRS

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

University of Washington AIDS CRS

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

Puerto Rico-AIDS CRS

San Juan, , Puerto Rico

Site Status

Countries

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United States Puerto Rico

References

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Fischl MA, Ribaudo HJ, Collier AC, Erice A, Giuliano M, Dehlinger M, Eron JJ Jr, Saag MS, Hammer SM, Vella S, Morse GD, Feinberg JE, Demeter LM, Eshleman SH; Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group 388 Study Team. A randomized trial of 2 different 4-drug antiretroviral regimens versus a 3-drug regimen, in advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 1;188(5):625-34. doi: 10.1086/377311. Epub 2003 Aug 15.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 12934177 (View on PubMed)

Demeter LM, Ribaudo HJ, Erice A, Eshleman SH, Hammer SM, Hellmann NS, Fischl MA; AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 388. HIV-1 drug resistance in subjects with advanced HIV-1 infection in whom antiretroviral combination therapy is failing: a substudy of AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 388. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 15;39(4):552-8. doi: 10.1086/422518. Epub 2004 Jul 30.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 15356820 (View on PubMed)

DiCenzo R, Forrest A, Fischl MA, Collier A, Feinberg J, Ribaudo H, DiFrancecso R, Morse GD; AIDS Clinical Trials Group 388/733/5060 Study Team. Pharmacokinetics of indinavir and nelfinavir in treatment-naive, human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Mar;48(3):918-23. doi: 10.1128/AAC.48.3.918-923.2004.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 14982784 (View on PubMed)

Lok JJ, Hunt PW, Collier AC, Benson CA, Witt MD, Luque AE, Deeks SG, Bosch RJ. The impact of age on the prognostic capacity of CD8+ T-cell activation during suppressive antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2013 Aug 24;27(13):2101-10. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32836191b1.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 24326304 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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11347

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Substudy ACTG 734

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Substudy ACTG A5060s

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Substudy ACTG 732

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Substudy ACTG 733

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Substudy ACTG 735

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Substudy ACTG 737

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Substudy ACTG 746

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

ACTG 388

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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