Motor Imagery and Action Observation Training in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
NCT ID: NCT07327190
Last Updated: 2026-01-08
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
NA
36 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2025-10-14
2026-05-03
Brief Summary
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All interventions will last six weeks. Standard physiotherapy will include ankle pumping, active-assisted hip and knee flexion, isometric and stretching exercises, cryotherapy, gait, and stair training. The motor imagery group will perform guided imagery sessions using audio recordings describing the physiotherapy exercises and daily activities. The action observation group will observe exercise videos corresponding to the physiotherapy program.
The primary outcomes will include pain, functional level, balance, and kinesiophobia. The study aims to determine whether the addition of mental simulation techniques to standard physiotherapy can enhance postoperative recovery and improve functional outcomes in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
TRIPLE
Study Groups
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Control Group (Traditional Physiotherapy)
Standard physiotherapy exercise routines will include: ankle pumping exercises, passive/active/active assisted hip flexion (straight leg raise), abduction/adduction, passive/active/active assisted hip-knee flexion (starting from 30°-40°), isometric exercises (quadriceps, adductor, gluteal muscles, hamstrings), cryotherapy (3 times a day), and stretching exercises (hamstring, gastro-soleus), along with walker assistance for standing, walking training, and stair training. In addition, participants in this group will be given recordings containing nature sounds and nature videos to listen to and watch after their exercises.
Traditional Physiotherapy
Patients will be given a standard physiotherapy program consisting of 0-2 weeks and 2-6 weeks, with the first week mainly featuring isometric exercises, stretching exercises, and ankle pumping exercises, and the second-6 weeks transitioning to strengthening exercises.
Motor imagery group
In motor imagery training, participants will visualize standard physiotherapy tasks using audio recordings presented as metaphors. Participants will be asked to fully focus on visualizing the movements in a quiet environment. They will also be asked to imagine different activities from daily life, progressing from simple to more challenging. Patients will undergo imagery training with audio recordings of standard physiotherapy exercises for six weeks. The training content will parallel the standard physiotherapy program. Participants in the motor imagery training group will be provided with audio explanations (mp3 files) of the motor imagery session instructions to continue at home. Patients in this group will also watch videos containing nature visuals.
Motor imagery training
In addition to standard visual therapy, patients will be sent audio recordings that allow them to visualize movement; they will also be sent nature videos.
Action observation group
In the action observation group, participants will observe movements by watching videos of standard physiotherapy tasks in addition to standard physiotherapy. The training content will progress in parallel with the standard physiotherapy program. The training content will be prepared by clearly recording frontal or lateral views of all exercises included in the standard physiotherapy curriculum (0-2 week, 2-6 week exercises). Patients in this group will also listen to an audio recording containing relaxing music.
Action observation training
In this group, in addition to standard physiotherapy, participants will be given videos showing visuals of the movements and will also be sent audio recordings containing nature sounds during the session.
Interventions
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Traditional Physiotherapy
Patients will be given a standard physiotherapy program consisting of 0-2 weeks and 2-6 weeks, with the first week mainly featuring isometric exercises, stretching exercises, and ankle pumping exercises, and the second-6 weeks transitioning to strengthening exercises.
Motor imagery training
In addition to standard visual therapy, patients will be sent audio recordings that allow them to visualize movement; they will also be sent nature videos.
Action observation training
In this group, in addition to standard physiotherapy, participants will be given videos showing visuals of the movements and will also be sent audio recordings containing nature sounds during the session.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Those over 25 years of age
* Those who have obtained a passing score on the Mini Mental Test (\>24)
Exclusion Criteria
* Revision/bilateral TDA,
* Self-reported sensory, cognitive, neurological or motor impairment that would limit participation in the study; history of psychosis; or concomitant diseases that would negatively affect recovery, such as hemiparesis, peripheral neuropathy, lymphedema or lower extremity amputation.
25 Years
85 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Kutahya Health Sciences University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Locations
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Kütahya Health Sciences University
Kütahya, , Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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Other Identifiers
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KSBU-TDA
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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