Dopamine vs. Norepinephrine for Hypotension in Neonates With Pulmonary Hypertension (DONE)

NCT ID: NCT07322133

Last Updated: 2026-01-08

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2026-01-01

Study Completion Date

2028-01-31

Brief Summary

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This pilot randomized clinical trial compares dopamine and norepinephrine as first-line vasoactive therapies in term and late preterm neonates with pulmonary hypertension associated with hypoxemic respiratory failure and systemic hypotension. Systemic hypotension is a common and clinically significant complication of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and frequently requires vasopressor support to maintain adequate systemic perfusion. Dopamine is commonly used in this setting; however, prior animal experimental and clinical data suggest it may increase pulmonary vascular resistance, potentially worsening right ventricular afterload and hypoxemia. Norepinephrine may preferentially increase systemic vascular resistance with less effect on the pulmonary circulation. This study evaluates short-term hemodynamic and oxygenation responses following initiation of dopamine or norepinephrine.

Detailed Description

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Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a serious cardiopulmonary disorder characterized by sustained elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to right-to-left shunting, impaired oxygenation, and increased morbidity and mortality. In addition to hypoxemic respiratory failure, many infants with PPHN develop systemic hypotension. Management of systemic hypotension in this population is complex, as vasoactive medications may have differing effects on systemic and pulmonary circulations.

Dopamine is widely used as first-line therapy for neonatal hypotension because of its dose-dependent dopaminergic and adrenergic effects. However, both animal models and clinical observations suggest that dopamine may increase pulmonary vascular resistance in neonates with PPHN. Norepinephrine, a predominantly alpha-adrenergic agonist with modest beta-adrenergic activity, may provide more selective augmentation of systemic vascular resistance while exerting less influence on pulmonary vascular tone. Despite the increasing clinical use of norepinephrine in neonatal intensive care units, there are no prospective trials comparing dopamine and norepinephrine in neonates with PPHN.

This is a single-center, cluster-randomized, pilot clinical trial enrolling term and late preterm neonates with hypoxemic respiratory failure, echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension, and systemic hypotension that persists despite initial fluid resuscitation. Eligible infants are assigned by time-based cluster randomization to receive either dopamine or norepinephrine as first-line vasoactive therapy, consistent with standard clinical practice in the neonatal intensive care unit. Informed consent is obtained for research-specific procedures, including serial targeted neonatal echocardiography, while vasoactive medication use follows established clinical protocols.

Conditions

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Hypotension and Shock Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN) Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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Dopamine Arm

Infants in this group will receive dopamine as their first-line vasopressor. Continuous intravenous dopamine infusion will be initiated at 5 mcg/kg/min and titrated to achieve gestational age appropriate mean arterial blood pressure targets (maximum 20 mcg/kg/min).

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Dopamine administration

Intervention Type DRUG

Infants meeting the inclusion criteria who are randomized to dopamine arm will receive dopamine infusion starting at 5 mcg/kg/min, titrated to mean arterial pressure targets based on gestational age, max dose 20 mcg/kg/min.

Norepinephrine Arm

Infants in this group will receive norepinephrine as their first-line vasopressor. Continuous intravenous norepinephrine infusion initiated at 0.02 mcg/kg/min and titrated to achieve gestational age appropriate mean arterial blood pressure targets (maximum 1 mcg/kg/min).

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Norepinephrine

Intervention Type DRUG

Infants meeting the inclusion criteria who are randomized to norepinephrine arm will receive norepinephrine infusion starting at 0.02 mcg/kg/min, titrated to mean arterial pressure targets based on gestational age, max dose 1 mcg/kg/min.

Interventions

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Dopamine administration

Infants meeting the inclusion criteria who are randomized to dopamine arm will receive dopamine infusion starting at 5 mcg/kg/min, titrated to mean arterial pressure targets based on gestational age, max dose 20 mcg/kg/min.

Intervention Type DRUG

Norepinephrine

Infants meeting the inclusion criteria who are randomized to norepinephrine arm will receive norepinephrine infusion starting at 0.02 mcg/kg/min, titrated to mean arterial pressure targets based on gestational age, max dose 1 mcg/kg/min.

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Postmenstrual age \> 34 6/7 weeks and Postnatal age ≤ 28 days
2. On respiratory support (Invasive mechanical ventilation, NIPPV, CPAP, HFNC ≥ 2 LPM) and FiO2 ≥ 0.3
3. Echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension
4. Mean arterial pressure below the threshold for gestational age despite a 10-20 mL/kg fluid bolus

Permissible Comorbidities: CDH, trisomy 21, HIE on hypothermia, PDA, PFO/ASD, VSD \< 2 mm

Exclusion Criteria

1. Gestational age \< 32 weeks
2. Severe hypoxic respiratory failure (OI \> 35 or SpO2 \< 75% on 100% FiO2 for \> 60 minutes)
3. Lethal anomalies (e.g., trisomy 13 or 18)
4. Complex congenital heart disease beyond specified criteria
Maximum Eligible Age

28 Days

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Children's Miracle Network

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of California, Davis

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Deepika Sankaran

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Deepika Sankaran, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

UC Davis Health

Locations

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UC Davis Children's Hospital

Sacramento, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Solomon P Tatagiri, MBBS

Role: CONTACT

916-734-8672

Facility Contacts

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Solomon Tatagiri, MBBS

Role: primary

916-734-8672

Deepika Sankaran, MD

Role: backup

916-734-8672

References

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Jain A, El-Khuffash AF, van Herpen CH, Resende MHF, Giesinger RE, Weisz D, Mertens L, Jankov RP, McNamara PJ. Cardiac Function and Ventricular Interactions in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2021 Feb 1;22(2):e145-e157. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000002579.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33044416 (View on PubMed)

Lesneski AL, Vali P, Hardie ME, Lakshminrusimha S, Sankaran D. Randomized Trial of Oxygen Saturation Targets during and after Resuscitation and Reversal of Ductal Flow in an Ovine Model of Meconium Aspiration and Pulmonary Hypertension. Children (Basel). 2021 Jul 14;8(7):594. doi: 10.3390/children8070594.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34356574 (View on PubMed)

Siefkes HM, Lakshminrusimha S. Management of systemic hypotension in term infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: an illustrated review. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2021 Jul;106(4):446-455. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319705. Epub 2021 Jan 21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33478959 (View on PubMed)

Lakshminrusimha S. The pulmonary circulation in neonatal respiratory failure. Clin Perinatol. 2012 Sep;39(3):655-83. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2012.06.006.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22954275 (View on PubMed)

Tourneux P, Rakza T, Bouissou A, Krim G, Storme L. Pulmonary circulatory effects of norepinephrine in newborn infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension. J Pediatr. 2008 Sep;153(3):345-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.03.007. Epub 2008 May 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18534241 (View on PubMed)

Steinhorn RH. Neonatal pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2010 Mar;11(2 Suppl):S79-84. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181c76cdc.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20216169 (View on PubMed)

Sankaran D, Lakshminrusimha S. Pulmonary hypertension in the newborn- etiology and pathogenesis. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Aug;27(4):101381. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2022.101381. Epub 2022 Aug 7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35963740 (View on PubMed)

McNamara PJ, Giesinger RE, Lakshminrusimha S. Dopamine and Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension-Pressing Need for a Better Pressor? J Pediatr. 2022 Jul;246:242-250. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.03.022. Epub 2022 Mar 18. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35314154 (View on PubMed)

Liet JM, Boscher C, Gras-Leguen C, Gournay V, Debillon T, Roze JC. Dopamine effects on pulmonary artery pressure in hypotensive preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus. J Pediatr. 2002 Mar;140(3):373-5. doi: 10.1067/mpd.2002.123100.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11953739 (View on PubMed)

Cheung PY, Barrington KJ. The effects of dopamine and epinephrine on hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in hypoxic anesthetized piglets. Crit Care. 2001;5(3):158-66. doi: 10.1186/cc1016. Epub 2001 Apr 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11353933 (View on PubMed)

Budniok T, ElSayed Y, Louis D. Effect of Vasopressin on Systemic and Pulmonary Hemodynamics in Neonates. Am J Perinatol. 2021 Oct;38(12):1330-1334. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1712999. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32485754 (View on PubMed)

Shah S, Dhalait S, Fursule A, Khandare J, Kaul A. Use of Vasopressin as Rescue Therapy in Refractory Hypoxia and Refractory Systemic Hypotension in Term Neonates with Severe Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension-A Prospective Observational Study. Am J Perinatol. 2024 May;41(S 01):e886-e892. doi: 10.1055/a-1969-1119. Epub 2022 Oct 27.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 36302521 (View on PubMed)

McNamara PJ, Jain A, El-Khuffash A, Giesinger R, Weisz D, Freud L, Levy PT, Bhombal S, de Boode W, Leone T, Richards B, Singh Y, Acevedo JM, Simpson J, Noori S, Lai WW. Guidelines and Recommendations for Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography and Cardiac Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2024 Feb;37(2):171-215. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2023.11.016.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 38309835 (View on PubMed)

de Boode WP, Singh Y, Gupta S, Austin T, Bohlin K, Dempsey E, Groves A, Eriksen BH, van Laere D, Molnar Z, Nestaas E, Rogerson S, Schubert U, Tissot C, van der Lee R, van Overmeire B, El-Khuffash A. Recommendations for neonatologist performed echocardiography in Europe: Consensus Statement endorsed by European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR) and European Society for Neonatology (ESN). Pediatr Res. 2016 Oct;80(4):465-71. doi: 10.1038/pr.2016.126. Epub 2016 Jun 8. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27384404 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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GFDS25

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

23394282

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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