The Effect of Near-infrared Light Therapy on Brain Function and Cognition in Young and Older Adults

NCT ID: NCT07209683

Last Updated: 2025-10-07

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-09-29

Study Completion Date

2026-12-31

Brief Summary

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The goal of this pilot clinical trial is to test whether transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique using near-infrared light, can improve brain blood flow regulation (neurovascular coupling) and cognitive function in older adults.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

* Does tPBM enhance neurovascular coupling responses during memory and finger tapping tasks?
* Are these improvements linked to better cognitive performance and lower levels of brain inflammation and oxidative stress?

Researchers will compare an active tPBM treatment arm to a sham treatment arm to see if tPBM leads to measurable improvements in brain activity and cognitive function compared to no active stimulation.

Participants will:

* Receive either active tPBM or sham stimulation sessions for 4 weeks, every other day using a portable intervention device.
* Complete questionnaires and an iPAD-based cognitive testing protocol
* Complete memory and motor tasks while their brain activity is measured using non-invasive techniques: simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG), transcranial doppler (TCD) flowmetry.
* Retinal vessel reactivity will be measured during flickering light stimulus using a special camera (dynamic vessel analysis, DVA).
* Provide blood samples to test for biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and brain cell damage.

Detailed Description

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Cognitive decline is a major cause of disability in older adults, and vascular pathologies play a critical role in the genesis of age-related cognitive impairment. Despite advances in understanding the pathophysiology of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), effective interventions remain scarce. Neurovascular coupling (NVC), the physiological process that adjusts local cerebral blood flow to neuronal activity, is essential for maintaining optimal brain function. According to our preclinical and clinical studies, along with accumulating evidence from other research groups, dysregulation of NVC is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to age-related cognitive decline, highlighting an urgent need for targeted therapeutic strategies.

Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) has emerged as a promising, non-invasive technique with the potential to enhance both neuronal and vascular health. tPBM delivers near-infrared light to cortical areas, stimulating mitochondrial activity, reducing oxidative stress, and improving cerebral hemodynamics. There is increasing evidence that tPBM, which uses red and infrared light with specific wavelengths, confers benefit in various neurological, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disorders. However, the underlying neurophysiological changes need to be clarified in human studies, and there are further patient populations who would benefit from a tPBM-based intervention. Optical imaging devices, such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), offer a means to evaluate tPBM-related changes in brain oxygenation and hemodynamics in an out-of-lab environment, which would significantly improve the feasibility of trials focusing on the effects of tPBM on cerebrovascular health. The practical advantages of tPBM lie in its documented safe application, simplicity of use, affordability, and the potential for home-based interventions.

Recent studies have demonstrated a strong association between cognitive performance and NVC responses in healthy older adults and in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Neuronal activity-induced vasodilation is largely mediated by nitric oxide (NO), whose dissociation from cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) and thus bioavailability is promoted by tPBM. It has also been shown that tPBM confers anti-inflammatory effects in the brain, which is relevant given the heightened inflammatory processes in older adult,s implicating aging-induced neuroinflammation. However, limited clinical evidence exists on the impact of tPBM on NVC, particularly in aging individuals. Moreover, existing research focuses on cognitive benefits rather than neurophysiological or hemodynamic changes, with minimal integration of these outcomes. Addressing this gap, this proposal aims to leverage advanced multimodal neuroimaging techniques to investigate the age-specific tPBM-improvements in NVC and its association with the effects on cognitive function.

Preclinical and early clinical studies suggest that tPBM enhances microvascular perfusion and tissue oxygenation, while simultaneously reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. These dual effects underscore its potential as a multifaceted tool for promoting neural and vascular recovery. To date, evaluations of tPBM in various populations have shown it to be a safe intervention with transient and mild headache as the most common and considerable adverse effect induced by the sessions. Its non-pharmacological nature and compatibility with existing treatments further support its use as an innovative approach for cognitive rehabilitation.

The significance of this project lies in its potential to develop a novel, non-invasive intervention for cognitive impairment in aging populations and also in its ability to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of NVC modulation by tPBM. Findings from this research will provide critical insights into the dual neural and vascular effects of tPBM, laying the groundwork for future combination therapies to address age-related cognitive decline.

Conditions

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Cognition Neurovascular Coupling Mechanism and Cognitive Function Neurovascular Control Brain Aging Brain Activity

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

This is a randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial. Healthy adult participants across multiple age groups (21-85 years) will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either active transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) or sham stimulation. Participants in both groups will complete 3-4 sessions per week for 4 weeks (20-minute sessions, every other day). Cognitive and physiological outcomes will be measured at baseline and post-intervention follow-up.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors
Unblinded and do not participate in outcome assessment and statistical analysis. These procedures are performed by blinded outcome assessors and blinded investigators.

Study Groups

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Active near-infrared light therapy

Participants in this arm will receive active transcranial photobiomodulation sessions every other day for 20 minutes during their participation in the study. The intervention will be administered by active Vielight Neuro Rx Gamma, a research version of a commercially available light therapy device categorized as a wellness product with non-significant risk. During these sessions, biologically effective near-infrared light will be administered.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

transcranial photobiomodulation

Intervention Type DEVICE

The Vielight Neuro Gamma TPBM devices (©Vielight Inc.) will be used to transmit pulsed near-infrared (NIR) energy through the cranium. Device emits NIR photons at 810 m wavelength generating \~100 mW/cm2 pulsed NIR power modulated at 40 Hz frequency. The six NIR light sources are positioned along the midline over the frontal, pariatel and occipital cortices, bilaterally over the temporal cortex, and intranasally. Due to its portable design, Vielight Neuro TBPM instruments can be used in the laboratory, bedside, or at the participant's home.

Active / sham photobiomodulation sessions last for 20 minutes and will be administered at a laboratory-, home-, or office-based setting depending on the preference of the participant. TPBM will be performed three or four times a week for four weeks, maximum once every other day. Participants will complete a questionnaire of adverse events after each photobiomodulation session.

Sham near-infrared light therapy

Participants in this arm will receive sham transcranial photobiomodulation sessions every other day for 20 minutes during their participation in the study. The intervention will be administered by active Vielight Neuro Rx Gamma, a research version of a commercially available light therapy device categorized as a wellness product with non-significant risk. During these sessions, biologically effective near-infrared light will not be administered.

Group Type SHAM_COMPARATOR

transcranial photobiomodulation

Intervention Type DEVICE

The Vielight Neuro Gamma TPBM devices (©Vielight Inc.) will be used to transmit pulsed near-infrared (NIR) energy through the cranium. Device emits NIR photons at 810 m wavelength generating \~100 mW/cm2 pulsed NIR power modulated at 40 Hz frequency. The six NIR light sources are positioned along the midline over the frontal, pariatel and occipital cortices, bilaterally over the temporal cortex, and intranasally. Due to its portable design, Vielight Neuro TBPM instruments can be used in the laboratory, bedside, or at the participant's home.

Active / sham photobiomodulation sessions last for 20 minutes and will be administered at a laboratory-, home-, or office-based setting depending on the preference of the participant. TPBM will be performed three or four times a week for four weeks, maximum once every other day. Participants will complete a questionnaire of adverse events after each photobiomodulation session.

Interventions

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transcranial photobiomodulation

The Vielight Neuro Gamma TPBM devices (©Vielight Inc.) will be used to transmit pulsed near-infrared (NIR) energy through the cranium. Device emits NIR photons at 810 m wavelength generating \~100 mW/cm2 pulsed NIR power modulated at 40 Hz frequency. The six NIR light sources are positioned along the midline over the frontal, pariatel and occipital cortices, bilaterally over the temporal cortex, and intranasally. Due to its portable design, Vielight Neuro TBPM instruments can be used in the laboratory, bedside, or at the participant's home.

Active / sham photobiomodulation sessions last for 20 minutes and will be administered at a laboratory-, home-, or office-based setting depending on the preference of the participant. TPBM will be performed three or four times a week for four weeks, maximum once every other day. Participants will complete a questionnaire of adverse events after each photobiomodulation session.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Other Intervention Names

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near-infrared light therapy

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age: 21-85 years of age
* Adequate hearing and visual acuity to participate in the examinations
* Ability to read and write in English
* Competence to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

* Active CNS disease including multiple sclerosis, uncontrolled seizures, active brain cancer
* Cerebrovascular accident other than TIA within 60 days prior to Visit 0
* Major psychiatric disease, including major depression not currently controlled on medications, alcohol or drug abuse
* Participant currently uses commercial brain stimulation / neuromodulation device or an experimental device as part of a research study, e.g. tDCS, tACS, TBS, DBS, TMS, TPBM, etc.
* Participant currently takes dietary supplements with an expected cerebrovascular benefit, such as NAD- or NR-supplementum, L-citrullin, urolithin
* Unstable medical condition, including uncontrolled diabetes, chronic heart issues, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Stage 2 hypertension uncontrolled by medication (\>160/100 mmHg)
* Any other medical condition or medication which, in the opinion of investigator, would render the patient inappropriate or too unstable to complete the study protocol.
* Pregnancy or trying to become pregnant in the next 1 months (self-reported), breastfeeding
Minimum Eligible Age

21 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

85 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of Oklahoma

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Locations

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University of Oklahoma Health Campus

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Peter Mukli Mukli, MD, PhD

Role: CONTACT

+1 (405) 271-8001 ext. 37745

Norbert S Dosa, MD

Role: CONTACT

+1 (405) 271-8130

Facility Contacts

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Peter Mukli Mukli, MD PhD

Role: primary

405-271-8001 ext. 37745

OUHSC Director, Office of H. R. P. P.

Role: backup

405-271-2045

References

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Chao LL. Effects of Home Photobiomodulation Treatments on Cognitive and Behavioral Function, Cerebral Perfusion, and Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Patients with Dementia: A Pilot Trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019 Mar;37(3):133-141. doi: 10.1089/photob.2018.4555. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31050950 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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18356

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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