Study Results
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Basic Information
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RECRUITING
34 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2025-08-26
2029-01-31
Brief Summary
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In this study, the investigators will investigate the amount of food needed to meet a person's energy needs and bring them into energy balance.
Primary aims of the study are i) to technically and biologically validate two whole-room indirect calorimeters (WRICs) and ii) by using whole-room indirect calorimetry, to achieve a more accurate estimate of a person's emergy balance compared to common approximation formulas.
Secondary study aims:
1. To investigate whether the transfer of a person into energy balance using WRIC has an influence on energy expenditure measures compared to the transfer into energy balance using the usual approximation formula.
2. To investigate whether the transfer of a person into energy balance using WRIC has an influence on activity-dependent energy expenditure measures compared to the transfer into energy balance using the usual approximation formula.
3. To investigate whether differences in energy expenditure during energy balance during moderate and strenuous physical activity influence food intake.
4. To investigate whether energy intake in relation to energy expenditure during energy balance is related to weight development
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Detailed Description
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Biological Validation and Energy Balance Component:
After providing informed consent and meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria, study participants will follow a weight-maintaining diet before their first 24-hour stay in a WRIC (Day 4). During this stay, energy expenditure will be measured under conditions of estimated energy balance. As a measure of energy expnediture relative to energy intake, energy balance will be estimated based on resting energy expenditure, an estimated physical activity level, and an approximation formula applied during the screening procedure.
A second 24-hour stay in the WRIC (Day 6), also under conditions of estimated energy balance, will serve for biological validation. After following the weight-maintaining diet for three additional days, a third 24-hour WRIC stay (Day 10) will assess the achievement of near-perfect energy balance. On the day following this stay (Day 11), participants will have access to a buffet and will be allowed to eat ad libitum.
Subsequently, a 3-day run-in period under weight-maintenance conditions will precede reassessment of 24-hour energy expenditure during increased physical activity in the WRIC (Days 15 and 17). Energy expenditure during energy balance will again be compared to ad libitum food intake at a buffet (Day 18).
Follow-up weight measurements will be conducted one year after study completion to evaluate the influence of achieving near-perfect energy balance-or deviations from it-on weight change. Additionally, fasting blood samples will be collected before and after each WRIC stay, as well as before and after ad libitum food intake, to measure hormones related to appetite control and satiety.
N = 34 subjects are required to detect a statistically significant difference in energy balance after measuring energy expenditure using a WRIC. However, interim analysis after n = 8 subjects will be conducted to adjust needed sample size to variability as detected using here implied methods of indirect calorimetry.
The statistical evaluation with regard to i) technical validation, ii) biological validation, and iii) testing the achievability of an energy balance and its effect on energy consumption are carried out using parametric and non-parametric tests. Data are given as mean value with standard deviation. The significance level is P \< 0.05.
Conditions
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Study Design
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COHORT
PROSPECTIVE
Study Groups
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Healthy
Healthy subjects of both sexes meeting inclusion criteria.
No interventions assigned to this group
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Written declaration of consent
* Healthy study participants
* Able to perform moderate physical exercise using a bike ergometer
* Women: continuous contraception/fullicular phase of menstrual cycle
Exclusion Criteria
* Nicotine abuse, Alcohol/drug abuse
* Strenuous physical activity in everyday life \> 1 h per day
* Body mass index \< 18.5 kg/m² or ≥ 40 kg/m²
* Chronic diseases with an impact on energy expenditure
* Food allergy/intolerance, vegan diet
* Circumstances that speak against the application of wearable accelerometers (e.g. silicone contact allergy)
* Impaired fasting glucose, diabetes mellitus and prediabetes
* Pregnancy/breastfeeding
* Claustrophobia
* Refusal to communicate incidental findings
18 Years
40 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Helmholtz Center Munich
UNKNOWN
University of Pisa
OTHER
University of Leipzig
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Sascha Heinitz
Physician
Principal Investigators
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Sascha Heinitz, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Leipzig
Locations
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Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig
Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Haiko Schlögl, MD
Role: CONTACT
Facility Contacts
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References
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Stinson EJ, Rodzevik T, Krakoff J, Piaggi P, Chang DC. Energy expenditure measurements are reproducible in different whole-room indirect calorimeters in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022 Sep;30(9):1766-1777. doi: 10.1002/oby.23476. Epub 2022 Aug 3.
Piaggi P, Krakoff J, Bogardus C, Thearle MS. Lower "awake and fed thermogenesis" predicts future weight gain in subjects with abdominal adiposity. Diabetes. 2013 Dec;62(12):4043-51. doi: 10.2337/db13-0785. Epub 2013 Aug 23.
Weyer C, Snitker S, Rising R, Bogardus C, Ravussin E. Determinants of energy expenditure and fuel utilization in man: effects of body composition, age, sex, ethnicity and glucose tolerance in 916 subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999 Jul;23(7):715-22. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800910.
Hollstein T, Ando T, Basolo A, Krakoff J, Votruba SB, Piaggi P. Metabolic response to fasting predicts weight gain during low-protein overfeeding in lean men: further evidence for spendthrift and thrifty metabolic phenotypes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Sep 1;110(3):593-604. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz062.
Reinhardt M, Thearle MS, Ibrahim M, Hohenadel MG, Bogardus C, Krakoff J, Votruba SB. A Human Thrifty Phenotype Associated With Less Weight Loss During Caloric Restriction. Diabetes. 2015 Aug;64(8):2859-67. doi: 10.2337/db14-1881. Epub 2015 May 11.
Heinitz S, Hollstein T, Ando T, Walter M, Basolo A, Krakoff J, Votruba SB, Piaggi P. Early adaptive thermogenesis is a determinant of weight loss after six weeks of caloric restriction in overweight subjects. Metabolism. 2020 Sep;110:154303. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154303. Epub 2020 Jun 27.
Ravussin E, Lillioja S, Anderson TE, Christin L, Bogardus C. Determinants of 24-hour energy expenditure in man. Methods and results using a respiratory chamber. J Clin Invest. 1986 Dec;78(6):1568-78. doi: 10.1172/JCI112749.
Venti CA, Votruba SB, Franks PW, Krakoff J, Salbe AD. Reproducibility of ad libitum energy intake with the use of a computerized vending machine system. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Feb;91(2):343-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28315. Epub 2009 Nov 18.
Weise CM, Hohenadel MG, Krakoff J, Votruba SB. Body composition and energy expenditure predict ad-libitum food and macronutrient intake in humans. Int J Obes (Lond). 2014 Feb;38(2):243-51. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2013.85. Epub 2013 May 23.
Basolo A, Votruba SB, Heinitz S, Krakoff J, Piaggi P. Deviations in energy sensing predict long-term weight change in overweight Native Americans. Metabolism. 2018 May;82:65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.12.013. Epub 2018 Jan 3.
Hall KD, Heymsfield SB, Kemnitz JW, Klein S, Schoeller DA, Speakman JR. Energy balance and its components: implications for body weight regulation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Apr;95(4):989-94. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.036350. No abstract available.
Other Identifiers
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121-24/ek
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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