Smart Crutch Tips for Guided Weight-Bearing in Patients Recovering From Tibial Shaft Fractures

NCT ID: NCT07092579

Last Updated: 2025-10-01

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-10-20

Study Completion Date

2026-12-15

Brief Summary

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The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether personalized weight-bearing prescriptions using Smart Crutch Tips™ can improve recovery after surgery for tibial shaft fractures. The study will also assess how safe and practical this approach is in daily outpatient use.

Can a personalized weight-bearing program based on CT and finite element analysis help the fracture heal faster? Can it help patients return to full weight-bearing sooner? Can it reduce the fear of movement during recovery? Does iterative walking in the early postoperative period support faster or better bone healing? Researchers will compare standard rehabilitation to different types of personalized weight-bearing programs to see which leads to faster healing, earlier mobility, and better outcomes.

Participants will:

Use Smart Crutch Tips™ during walking for up to 24 weeks; Follow a personalized weight-bearing prescription based on CT scans and biomechanical modeling; Follow a specific walking plan with real-time audio and visual feedback; Attend six follow-up visits over 36 weeks for clinical exams, x-rays, and CT scans; Complete online questionnaires about pain, activity, and fear of movement.

Detailed Description

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This is a pilot multicenter clinical trial designed to explore the impact of individual weight-bearing and iterative walking regimens on the healing of tibial shaft fractures. The study will enroll 30 adult participants (aged 18 to 60) with closed tibial shaft fractures (AO/OTA 42-A, 42-B, or 42-C) treated by intramedullary nailing. Participants will be allocated into three parallel groups (ten participants per group), two of whom will receive personalized weight-bearing protocols based on finite element analysis (FEA) performed using individual CT scan data.

The goal of the study is to determine whether providing precise, data-driven weight-bearing recommendations-delivered through Smart Crutch Tips™ with real-time visual and auditory feedback-can enhance fracture healing by promoting safe interfragmentary motion.

Group 1 (control - standard practice) will use Smart Crutch Tips™ for load data collection only, without feedback, and follow AO Foundation guidelines, progressing weight-bearing based on pain tolerance.

Group 2 (controlled mechanical stimulation) will receive personalized FEA-based load prescriptions for optimal interfragmentary motion, with real-time audio/visual feedback from Smart Crutch Tips™. They will perform iterative walking sessions (minimum two-hour rest between), gradually increasing steps per their plan, plus prescribed lower limb strengthening exercises.

Group 3 (optimized stimulation per Claes-Heigele theory) will receive FEA-based prescriptions targeting maximum fracture-zone voxel optimization, with real-time feedback. They will follow the same walking and exercise protocol as Group 2.

Participants will use ComeBack Mobility Smart Crutch Tips™ all the time they use crutches in an outpatient setting for up to 24 weeks, depending on their healing progress. These devices provide real-time guidance to help users stay within their prescribed weight-bearing range and transmit data to a centralized monitoring platform.

Participants will attend seven in-person follow-up visits: screening (Day 0-7), and then at 6, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 36 weeks after surgery. Аt each follow-up visit starting from Visit 1 (6 weeks) Radiographic assessments (X-ray) will be performed to monitor fracture healing, Computed tomography (CT) scans will be conducted only at specific time points: during the screening period (0-7 days post-surgery), and prior to Visit 1 (6 weeks), Visit 2 (12 weeks), and optional prior to Visit 3 (16 weeks) to adjust weight-bearing prescription and assess consolidation dynamics. Clinical data will be collected via the ComeBack Mobility app and electronic case report forms (eCRFs).

Before each follow-up visit, participants will complete an online diary that includes validated questionnaires such as the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-17) and the Lower Extremity Functional (LEFS). At Visit 1, participants will also complete the System Usability Scale (SUS) to assess their experience using the device.

All study procedures will be conducted according to a standardized research protocol across multiple orthopedic hospitals and trauma centers in Ukraine, ensuring consistency in surgical technique, data collection, and follow-up.

Conditions

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Fracture Healing Tibial Fractures

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
Data analysts, FEA specialists and radiologists will also be blinded to group allocation until the database lock

Study Groups

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Control Group (Standard of Care)

Participants will follow the standard-of-care postoperative weight-bearing protocol according to AO Foundation clinical guidelines: "Partial weight-bearing with crutches is started as soon as the patient is able. Unrestricted weight bearing should be delayed until fracture callus is visible, fibular healing is evident, and weight bearing is without pain. Depending on the consolidation, weight bearing can usually be increased after 6-8 weeks, with full weight-bearing when the fracture has healed." Smart Crutch Tips™ will be used in passive mode, with all notifications (audio and visual) disabled. Participants will not have access to any feedback regarding their weight-bearing. The devices will serve solely for data collection purposes, recording step count and applied loading during ambulation.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Controlled Mechanical Stimulation and Activity (Optimal Interfragmentary Motion)

Participants will receive individualized weight-bearing prescriptions derived from finite element analysis (FEA) of their postoperative CT scan, targeting optimal interfragmentary motion at the fracture site.

Smart Crutch Tips™ will provide real-time audio and visual feedback to support adherence to the prescribed loading and activity program.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Smart Crutch Tips™

Intervention Type DEVICE

Smart Crutch Tips™ are sensor-equipped crutch attachments that measure real-time axial loading during ambulation. The devices connect via Bluetooth to a mobile application and deliver auditory and visual feedback to guide patients toward prescribed weight-bearing levels. The devices continuously record loading and step-count data for clinical monitoring and analysis.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed up to four times postoperatively to generate individualized weight-bearing prescriptions during rehabilitation. Simulations are based on CT scans and include segmentation and biomechanical modeling of the bone-fixator system. Assessments occur at: 7 days (baseline), 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and optionally at 16 weeks if healing isn't confirmed. Three regions are segmented: fixation system (screws and nail), bone fragments, and fracture gap. Materials: fixator (Titanium Grade 5), bone (mapped into cortical, trabecular, soft tissue, air), and fracture gap (early connective tissue). FEA calculates personalized safe loading based on: (1) Fixator safety (stress \< 290 MPa), (2) Interfragmentary motion (target: 0.5-2.0 mm), and (3) Strain in the fracture gap (octahedral: 0.001-0.05; hydrostatic: 0.001-0.02), supporting biological healing. Output informs weight-bearing prescriptions and step-count targets, delivered via Smart Crutch Tips™ with real-time fee

Iterative walking

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will perform iterative walking sessions as part of their rehabilitation program. These sessions will be repeated throughout the day, with a minimum 2-hour rest interval between sessions. Step count will be progressively increased over time, according to the individualized rehabilitation plan. In the intervention arms, walking sessions will be guided by real-time auditory and visual feedback from Smart Crutch Tips™.

Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exercise Program

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

A structured exercise program prescribed postoperatively to promote functional recovery after tibial shaft fracture surgery. Exercises target quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteal muscles, and ankle/foot mobility to maintain muscle tone, prevent stiffness, and improve circulation. The program includes isometric and dynamic exercises such as: static quadriceps and hamstring contractions, straight leg raises, hip abduction, knee extension, hamstring curls, heel slides, ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, ankle inversion/eversion, ankle circles, toe spreading, and passive ankle stretching using a strap or towel. Exercises are performed in pain-free ranges with gradual progression in repetitions and sets according to the rehabilitation plan. Certain ankle and foot mobility exercises (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion) are also performed hourly during the day to prevent swelling and thrombosis.

Controlled Mechanical Stimulation and Activity According to the Claes-Heigele Theory

Participants will receive individualized weight-bearing prescriptions derived from finite element analysis (FEA) of their postoperative CT scan, aimed at achieving the highest percentage of voxels in the fracture zone in accordance with the theory of L.E. Claes and C.A. Heigele (1999).

Smart Crutch Tips™ will provide real-time audio and visual feedback to support adherence to the prescribed loading and activity program.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Smart Crutch Tips™

Intervention Type DEVICE

Smart Crutch Tips™ are sensor-equipped crutch attachments that measure real-time axial loading during ambulation. The devices connect via Bluetooth to a mobile application and deliver auditory and visual feedback to guide patients toward prescribed weight-bearing levels. The devices continuously record loading and step-count data for clinical monitoring and analysis.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed up to four times postoperatively to generate individualized weight-bearing prescriptions during rehabilitation. Simulations are based on CT scans and include segmentation and biomechanical modeling of the bone-fixator system. Assessments occur at: 7 days (baseline), 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and optionally at 16 weeks if healing isn't confirmed. Three regions are segmented: fixation system (screws and nail), bone fragments, and fracture gap. Materials: fixator (Titanium Grade 5), bone (mapped into cortical, trabecular, soft tissue, air), and fracture gap (early connective tissue). FEA calculates personalized safe loading based on: (1) Fixator safety (stress \< 290 MPa), (2) Interfragmentary motion (target: 0.5-2.0 mm), and (3) Strain in the fracture gap (octahedral: 0.001-0.05; hydrostatic: 0.001-0.02), supporting biological healing. Output informs weight-bearing prescriptions and step-count targets, delivered via Smart Crutch Tips™ with real-time fee

Iterative walking

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will perform iterative walking sessions as part of their rehabilitation program. These sessions will be repeated throughout the day, with a minimum 2-hour rest interval between sessions. Step count will be progressively increased over time, according to the individualized rehabilitation plan. In the intervention arms, walking sessions will be guided by real-time auditory and visual feedback from Smart Crutch Tips™.

Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exercise Program

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

A structured exercise program prescribed postoperatively to promote functional recovery after tibial shaft fracture surgery. Exercises target quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteal muscles, and ankle/foot mobility to maintain muscle tone, prevent stiffness, and improve circulation. The program includes isometric and dynamic exercises such as: static quadriceps and hamstring contractions, straight leg raises, hip abduction, knee extension, hamstring curls, heel slides, ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, ankle inversion/eversion, ankle circles, toe spreading, and passive ankle stretching using a strap or towel. Exercises are performed in pain-free ranges with gradual progression in repetitions and sets according to the rehabilitation plan. Certain ankle and foot mobility exercises (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion) are also performed hourly during the day to prevent swelling and thrombosis.

Interventions

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Smart Crutch Tips™

Smart Crutch Tips™ are sensor-equipped crutch attachments that measure real-time axial loading during ambulation. The devices connect via Bluetooth to a mobile application and deliver auditory and visual feedback to guide patients toward prescribed weight-bearing levels. The devices continuously record loading and step-count data for clinical monitoring and analysis.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed up to four times postoperatively to generate individualized weight-bearing prescriptions during rehabilitation. Simulations are based on CT scans and include segmentation and biomechanical modeling of the bone-fixator system. Assessments occur at: 7 days (baseline), 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and optionally at 16 weeks if healing isn't confirmed. Three regions are segmented: fixation system (screws and nail), bone fragments, and fracture gap. Materials: fixator (Titanium Grade 5), bone (mapped into cortical, trabecular, soft tissue, air), and fracture gap (early connective tissue). FEA calculates personalized safe loading based on: (1) Fixator safety (stress \< 290 MPa), (2) Interfragmentary motion (target: 0.5-2.0 mm), and (3) Strain in the fracture gap (octahedral: 0.001-0.05; hydrostatic: 0.001-0.02), supporting biological healing. Output informs weight-bearing prescriptions and step-count targets, delivered via Smart Crutch Tips™ with real-time fee

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Iterative walking

Participants will perform iterative walking sessions as part of their rehabilitation program. These sessions will be repeated throughout the day, with a minimum 2-hour rest interval between sessions. Step count will be progressively increased over time, according to the individualized rehabilitation plan. In the intervention arms, walking sessions will be guided by real-time auditory and visual feedback from Smart Crutch Tips™.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exercise Program

A structured exercise program prescribed postoperatively to promote functional recovery after tibial shaft fracture surgery. Exercises target quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteal muscles, and ankle/foot mobility to maintain muscle tone, prevent stiffness, and improve circulation. The program includes isometric and dynamic exercises such as: static quadriceps and hamstring contractions, straight leg raises, hip abduction, knee extension, hamstring curls, heel slides, ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, ankle inversion/eversion, ankle circles, toe spreading, and passive ankle stretching using a strap or towel. Exercises are performed in pain-free ranges with gradual progression in repetitions and sets according to the rehabilitation plan. Certain ankle and foot mobility exercises (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion) are also performed hourly during the day to prevent swelling and thrombosis.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Other Intervention Names

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ComeBack Mobility Smart Crutch Tips Smart Crutches, CBM Smart Tips FE Modeling Biomechanical Modeling Postoperative Structural Simulation

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Signed informed consent was provided after being fully informed about participation in the study.
2. Age: 18 to 60 years for both males and females (pre-menopausal).
3. Body weight between 40 and 120 kg.
4. Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m².
5. Diagnosed with a closed tibial shaft fracture (AO/OTA classification: 42-A, 42-B, or 42-C) requiring surgical treatment.
6. Fracture treated exclusively with intramedullary nailing (intramedullary fixation without additional plates or external fixation).
7. No diabetes or well-controlled diabetes (HbA1c ≤ 7.0%).
8. Ability to use crutches without losing balance and medically cleared for partial weight-bearing on the operated limb.
9. Willingness to adhere to the prescribed weight-bearing protocol using the Smart Crutch Tips™ device.
10. Enrollment within 48 hours following surgical intervention.
11. Alcohol consumption (up to 2-3 times per week) within acceptable limits.
12. Willingness to comply with all study procedures, including follow-up visits at weeks 1, 6, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 36 after surgery.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Presence of open or high-energy fractures, multiple lower-limb fractures, or use of bone grafts.
2. Fractures classified as 43-B or 43-C according to AO/OTA.
3. Chronic alcoholism (defined as \>14 standard drinks per week for men or \>7 for women).
4. Presence of metabolic disorders, including uncontrolled thyroid dysfunction, severe renal or hepatic pathology.
5. Pathological fractures associated with osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, tumors, metastases, or rickets.
6. Lower-limb contractures with functional impairment of grade II or higher.
7. Pregnancy or intention to conceive during the study period.
8. Psychiatric, cognitive, or neurological disorders that may interfere with adherence to the rehabilitation protocol or effective communication with the study team.
9. Clinically significant heart failure (including chronic or acute, with an ejection fraction \<40% or with symptoms such as edema, dyspnea at rest, or orthopnea).
10. Pulmonary insufficiency of any origin, accompanied by chronic hypoxemia (PaO₂ \< 60 mmHg) or hypercapnia (PaCO₂ \> 45 mmHg), requiring oxygen support or significantly limiting physical activity.
11. Clinically significant neurological disorders that may affect motor function, coordination, or physical activity (e.g., stroke with residual deficits, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy).
12. Diagnosed epilepsy or other seizure disorders not fully controlled by medication.
13. Progressive neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, dementia).
14. Any sensory, balance, or vestibular disorders that may impair safe use of the investigational device.
15. Participation in another clinical study within the past 6 months that could affect the results of the current study.
16. Ongoing or planned use of medications known to affect bone healing.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

60 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Comeback Mobility Inc

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Vaida Glatt, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

UT Health

Locations

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Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 1

Kyiv, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine

Site Status RECRUITING

Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 6 of the Dnipro City Counci

Dnipro, , Ukraine

Site Status RECRUITING

Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 4 of the Dnipro City Counci

Dnipro, , Ukraine

Site Status RECRUITING

Railway Clinical Hospital No. 1 of Kyiv Station

Kyiv, , Ukraine

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 17

Kyiv, , Ukraine

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Institute of Traumatology and orthopedics of the national academy of medical sciences of Ukraine

Kyiv, , Ukraine

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 12

Kyiv, , Ukraine

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 6

Kyiv, , Ukraine

Site Status RECRUITING

Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 7

Kyiv, , Ukraine

Site Status RECRUITING

Kyiv Regional Council "Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital"

Kyiv, , Ukraine

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 9

Kyiv, , Ukraine

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 8

Kyiv, , Ukraine

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Ukraine

Central Contacts

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ILLIA POPOV

Role: CONTACT

13476197319

Facility Contacts

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Oleksandr Martynchuk

Role: primary

+380662272790

Andrii Mamentiiev

Role: primary

+380977800649

Oleksii Altanets

Role: primary

+380505757354

Oleh Lehenkyi

Role: primary

+380503803958

Maksym Cherniienko

Role: primary

+380633838714

Oleksii Sulyma

Role: primary

+380675010661

Taras Kasianchuk

Role: primary

+380966056181

Oleksandr Lisovyi

Role: primary

+380505390948

Oleksandr Rozsokha

Role: primary

+380930600000

Vadym Roienko

Role: primary

+380976430314

Pavlo Honcharuk

Role: primary

+380500569033

Viktoriia Ladyka

Role: primary

+380634957408

Other Identifiers

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CBM-UA-2025/1

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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