EMDR 2.0 Group Therapy for PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety in Earthquake Survivors

NCT ID: NCT06991244

Last Updated: 2025-05-31

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 58 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-10-10
• Study Completion Date: 2024-12-30

Brief Summary

The objective of this clinical study was to examine whether a brief EMDR 2.0 group intervention could reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety in adult survivors of the 2023 Türkiye earthquake. The study was conducted face-to-face in a container city in Malatya, one of the regions most severely affected by the disaster. EMDR 2.0 is an enhanced version of standard EMDR therapy that uses working memory taxation techniques to accelerate emotional processing.

The primary research questions included whether EMDR 2.0 group therapy reduces PTSD symptoms in earthquake survivors, and whether it helps decrease symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Participants attended three EMDR 2.0 group sessions in person over the course of one week and completed psychological assessments before the intervention, one week after, and one month after. Verbal disclosure of traumatic memories was not required during the sessions. Researchers used self-report questionnaires to evaluate changes in trauma-related distress, depression, and anxiety. This study contributes to the development of fast, accessible, and field-based psychological support strategies for communities affected by disasters.

Detailed Description

Following the 2023 Türkiye earthquakes, widespread displacement, loss, and psychological trauma created an urgent need for effective and accessible mental health interventions. This clinical study was developed to address that need by offering a rapid, structured group therapy protocol-EMDR 2.0-to adult survivors residing in a temporary container city in Malatya, a region significantly impacted by the disaster.

EMDR 2.0 is a modified version of traditional Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy. It intensifies working memory taxation through structured, dual-attention tasks and allows for the safe and efficient processing of traumatic memories without requiring verbal disclosure.

The intervention was delivered in the same container units used as temporary housing by survivors, thereby transforming these living spaces into short-term therapeutic settings. Over the course of one week, three group sessions were administered in person. While participants were gathered in a group format, each individual engaged in processing their own traumatic imagery using the EMDR 2.0 protocol.

This approach provided containment and emotional safety within a physically and psychologically shared post-disaster context. Verbal expression of trauma was not required, which minimized the risk of retraumatization and enhanced the accessibility of the intervention for individuals hesitant to disclose.

The study was designed not only to evaluate the effectiveness of EMDR 2.0 in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety but also to assess the feasibility of implementing this method under real-world post-disaster conditions with limited resources. The findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on scalable trauma interventions suitable for use in field-based, high-need humanitarian settings.

This work underscores the potential of brief, structured group interventions to facilitate emotional recovery when survivors are supported in environments that respect both their privacy and collective experience.

Conditions

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); Depression; Anxiety

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

EMDR 2.0 Group

Participants in this group received a face-to-face EMDR 2.0 group intervention delivered over three sessions in a container city setting in Malatya, Türkiye, following the 2023 earthquake.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

EMDR 2.0 Group Protocol

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

A short-term trauma-focused group protocol adapted from EMDR 2.0, delivered in three sessions over one week, targeting PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms among earthquake survivors. The first session lasted 90 minutes, followed by two 60-minute sessions. The intervention was administered face-to-face in a container city in Malatya, Türkiye. All sessions were conducted by a certified EMDR therapist who had completed advanced EMDR 2.0 training.

Control Group

Participants in this group did not receive any psychological intervention during the study period but completed the same assessments as the intervention group.

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

EMDR 2.0 Group Protocol

A short-term trauma-focused group protocol adapted from EMDR 2.0, delivered in three sessions over one week, targeting PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms among earthquake survivors. The first session lasted 90 minutes, followed by two 60-minute sessions. The intervention was administered face-to-face in a container city in Malatya, Türkiye. All sessions were conducted by a certified EMDR therapist who had completed advanced EMDR 2.0 training.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Age 18 years or older
• Being a survivor of the 2023 Türkiye earthquakes
• Currently residing in a temporary container settlement in Malatya
• Ability to attend all three face-to-face intervention sessions
• Ability to provide informed consent
• Sufficient cognitive and emotional capacity to complete self-report questionnaires
• Basic literacy (reading and writing) in Turkish to understand and complete self-report scales
• Willingness to voluntarily participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria

• Having a current diagnosis of a psychotic disorder (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder with psychotic features)
• History of severe head trauma or neurological condition affecting cognitive capacity
• Active suicidal ideation or risk requiring emergency psychiatric care
• Ongoing substance dependence
• Receiving concurrent trauma-focused psychotherapy during the study period
• Significant hearing, vision, or language impairment interfering with participation
• Inability to attend scheduled sessions or complete follow-up assessments

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: FEMALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Okan University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Çiğdem Kınık

Principal Investigator, PhD Researcher in Applied Psychology

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Alisan B Yasar, MD AssocProf

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Istanbul Gelisim University

Locations

Malatya Teknokent Container Settlement

Battalgazi, Malatya, Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

Other Identifiers

KINIK EMDR 2.0 EQ

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id