Ultrasound Stimulation for Patients in a Disorder of Consciousness

NCT ID: NCT06939348

Last Updated: 2025-10-10

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-04-26

Study Completion Date

2028-09-29

Brief Summary

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The overall aim of this study is to develop an intervention that can help recovery in patients surviving severe brain injury but failing to fully recover. In particular, this multicenter project aims to (1) establish short-term efficacy of tFUS as a therapeutic to promote recovery in patients with prolonged DoC as compared to sham treatment, (2) establish dose-related safety and efficacy of tFUS as a therapeutic intervention in prolonged DoC patients and (3) explore preliminary predictors and biomarkers of susceptibility and response to thalamic sonication.

Detailed Description

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Aim 1 - Establish short-term efficacy of tFUS as a therapeutic to promote recovery in patients with prolonged DoC as compared to sham treatment. Investigators will use a multicenter sham-controlled randomized double-blind design to test the efficacy of tFUS for the recovery of consciousness in prolonged DoC, secondary to TBI. Specifically, The investigators will use a sham that is identical to a previous procedure (NCT04921683), except the gel pad used to couple the transducer to the patient's head is "non-transmitting" (as opposed to "transmitting"), thus preventing any penetration of ultrasound inside the head. Approach overview: 40 patients in a prolonged DoC due to TBI (\> 28days post injury) will be randomized into one of two conditions: (a) the tFUS-tFUS group will receive 2 sessions of tFUS and (b) the Sham-tFUS group will receive sham sonication in the first session and tFUS in the second session. Measurements: Outcome measures collected prior to tFUS/sham sessions will be compared to outcome measures obtained one week after tFUS/sham sessions. The investigators will assess two endpoint measures: one DoC-specific (i.e., the Coma Recovery Scale Revised - CRS-R; primary measure) \[17\] (Aim 1a) and one specific to TBI functional outcome (i.e., the Disability Rating Scale; secondary measure) \[18\] (Aim 1b). Hypotheses Compared to the sham condition, tFUS will lead to a statistically significant increase in consciousness recovery (Aim 1a) and in functional recovery (Aim 1b).

Aim 2 - Establish dose-related safety and efficacy of tFUS as a therapeutic intervention in prolonged DoC patients. Approach overview: The investigators will assess and compare safety and efficacy data in both conditions (ie, the tFUS-tFUS group who will receive 2 tFUS sessions and the Sham-tFUS group who will receive one tFUS session). Measurements: Safety. Proportion of (severe) adverse events (primary measure) will be documented using the Adverse Event Questionnaire (AEQ, also used in NCT04921683) and the Vital signs Care Report Form (CRF) (Common Data Element F0026), \[6\] within one week of intervention/sham, in the tFUS-tFUS group and in the Sham-tFUS group (Aim 2a); Efficacy. Changes will be assessed, one week after intervention/sham, in the tFUS-tFUS group as compared to the Sham-tFUS group using the CRS-R (secondary measure) (Aim 2b). Hypotheses: Aim 2a: Applying 2 sessions of tFUS will not lead to (higher proportion of) adverse events; Aim 2b: A statistically significant increase in consciousness recovery will be observed when applying two versus one tFUS sessions.

Aim 3 - Explore preliminary predictors and biomarkers of susceptibility and response to thalamic sonication. The investigators will assess pre-post intervention-related changes in brain activity using electrophysiology in both conditions (i.e., tFUS-tFUS group vs. Sham-tFUS group) (Aim 3a). The investigators will also assess whether the effects of tFUS are TBI-specific by comparing the efficacy observed in our TBI group vs. a non-TBI group (Aim 3b). Approach overview: In addition to our two endpoint measures (i.e., DRS and CRS-R), a 15-minute resting electroencephalogram (EEG) will be collected immediately before and after each tFUS or sham session (Aim 3a). Efficacy (as described in Aim 1a) will be additionally tested in 20 patients in a prolonged DoC due to non-TBI causes (\> 28days post injury due to stroke or anoxia) to help determine if tFUS is a TBI specific treatment (Aim 3b). Measurements: For Aim 3a, using the EEG recordings, power spectral density will be calculated within predefined frequency band and ABCD level classification (that reflects the degree of thalamocortical disconnection; primary measure) \[7\] will be applied based on spectral peaks in these frequencies. For Aim 3b, TBI specific efficacy will be tested based on the change observed one week after tFUS sessions as compared to sham sessions using the CRS-R (secondary measure) in both TBI and non-TBI groups. Hypothesis: Aim 3a: tFUS, but not sham will promote recovery of thalamocortical integrity as estimated by the ABCD level classification based on the Mesocircuit theory \[2\]; Aim 3b: Compared to sham, tFUS will lead to a statistically significant increase in consciousness recovery, particularly, in the TBI group vs. the non-TBI group.

Conditions

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Consciousness Disorders Disorders of Consciousness Due to Severe Brain Injury

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Sham-controlled 2-arm design. The clinical trial study features a 2-arm, sham-controlled, design. One group will be randomized to receive pulsed thalamic tFUS. The second group will undergo sham procedure. The sham procedure is identical to previous tFUS procedure (NCT04921683), except the gel pad used to couple the transducer to the patient's head is "non-transmitting" (as opposed to "transmitting"), thus preventing any penetration of ultrasound inside the head.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Sham-tFUS group

Sham-tFUS group will receive sham sonication in the first session and tFUS in the second session

Group Type SHAM_COMPARATOR

The Brainsonix BX Pulsar 1002 was designed to deliver low-intensity focused ultrasound pulsations (LIFUP) to the human brain.

Intervention Type DEVICE

The BX Pulsar 1002 consists of two main elements: the transducer and the ultrasound console. The transducer itself and the housing for it went through several iterations in order to be compatible with an MRI environment. Currently, the transducer and its housing are deemed MR-conditional at 3T with SAR ≤ 2W/kg. The design includes a solid acoustic coupling gel pad attached to the front of the transducer to provide good acoustic transmission into the scalp. An outer housing was designed to attach the transducer firmly to the head above the temporal window, and to allow it to be moved side to side to accurately target intended structures.

tFUS-tFUS group

tFUS-tFUS group will receive 2 sessions of tFUS

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

The Brainsonix BX Pulsar 1002 was designed to deliver low-intensity focused ultrasound pulsations (LIFUP) to the human brain.

Intervention Type DEVICE

The BX Pulsar 1002 consists of two main elements: the transducer and the ultrasound console. The transducer itself and the housing for it went through several iterations in order to be compatible with an MRI environment. Currently, the transducer and its housing are deemed MR-conditional at 3T with SAR ≤ 2W/kg. The design includes a solid acoustic coupling gel pad attached to the front of the transducer to provide good acoustic transmission into the scalp. An outer housing was designed to attach the transducer firmly to the head above the temporal window, and to allow it to be moved side to side to accurately target intended structures.

Interventions

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The Brainsonix BX Pulsar 1002 was designed to deliver low-intensity focused ultrasound pulsations (LIFUP) to the human brain.

The BX Pulsar 1002 consists of two main elements: the transducer and the ultrasound console. The transducer itself and the housing for it went through several iterations in order to be compatible with an MRI environment. Currently, the transducer and its housing are deemed MR-conditional at 3T with SAR ≤ 2W/kg. The design includes a solid acoustic coupling gel pad attached to the front of the transducer to provide good acoustic transmission into the scalp. An outer housing was designed to attach the transducer firmly to the head above the temporal window, and to allow it to be moved side to side to accurately target intended structures.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Diagnosis of DoC, following international guidelines, as assessed with the CRS-R.
2. Prolonged status (\>28days post-injury)
3. If on a psychotropic medication regimen, that regimen will be stable for at least 4 weeks prior to entry to the study and the patient will be willing to remain on a stable regimen during the protocol.
4. legally authorized representative available to consent for the patient to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria

1. History of neurological disorder (other than the brain injury).
2. Metal implant or other condition precluding safe entry in the MR-environment.
3. Manifest continuous spontaneous movement (which would prevent safe/successful imaging).
4. Participation in another concurrent clinical trial.
5. Need for mechanical ventilation.
6. Craniotomy (no bone flap).
7. Cranioplasty spanning the left temporal bone window.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

79 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Massachusetts General Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of California, Los Angeles

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Martin M Monti

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Martin M Monti, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of California, Los Angeles

Locations

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The Regents of the University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare

Pomona, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Massachusetts General Hospital (The General Hospital Corp.)

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Corporation, Inc.

Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Martin M Monti, PhD

Role: CONTACT

310-825-8546

Caroline Schnakers, PhD

Role: CONTACT

(909) 596-7733 ext. 3038

Facility Contacts

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Martin Monti, PhD

Role: primary

310-825-8546

Jeanette Gumarang, MSN

Role: primary

9095967733 ext. 2283

Caroline Schnakers, PhD

Role: backup

9095967733 ext. 3038

Michael Young, MD

Role: primary

410-808-1196

Jason Lew, DO

Role: primary

617-724-9247

References

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Lutkenhoff ES, Chiang J, Tshibanda L, Kamau E, Kirsch M, Pickard JD, Laureys S, Owen AM, Monti MM. Thalamic and extrathalamic mechanisms of consciousness after severe brain injury. Ann Neurol. 2015 Jul;78(1):68-76. doi: 10.1002/ana.24423. Epub 2015 May 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25893530 (View on PubMed)

Sanz LRD, Lejeune N, Blandiaux S, Bonin E, Thibaut A, Stender J, Farber NM, Zafonte RD, Schiff ND, Laureys S, Gosseries O. Treating Disorders of Consciousness With Apomorphine: Protocol for a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Using Multimodal Assessments. Front Neurol. 2019 Mar 19;10:248. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00248. eCollection 2019.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 30941094 (View on PubMed)

Bogner JA, Whiteneck GG, MacDonald J, Juengst SB, Brown AW, Philippus AM, Marwitz JH, Lengenfelder J, Mellick D, Arenth P, Corrigan JD. Test-Retest Reliability of Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome Measures: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2017 Sep/Oct;32(5):E1-E16. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000291.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28195954 (View on PubMed)

Thibaut A, Bruno MA, Ledoux D, Demertzi A, Laureys S. tDCS in patients with disorders of consciousness: sham-controlled randomized double-blind study. Neurology. 2014 Apr 1;82(13):1112-8. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000260. Epub 2014 Feb 26.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24574549 (View on PubMed)

Kalmar K, Giacino JT. The JFK Coma Recovery Scale--Revised. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2005 Jul-Sep;15(3-4):454-60. doi: 10.1080/09602010443000425.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16350986 (View on PubMed)

Schnakers C, Monti MM. Disorders of consciousness after severe brain injury: therapeutic options. Curr Opin Neurol. 2017 Dec;30(6):573-579. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000495.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28901969 (View on PubMed)

Gosseries O, Demertzi A, Ledoux D, Bruno MA, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Thibaut A, Laureys S, Schnakers C. Burnout in healthcare workers managing chronic patients with disorders of consciousness. Brain Inj. 2012;26(12):1493-9. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2012.695426. Epub 2012 Jun 22.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22725684 (View on PubMed)

Jennett B. Thirty years of the vegetative state: clinical, ethical and legal problems. Prog Brain Res. 2005;150:537-43. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50037-2.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16186047 (View on PubMed)

Monti MM, Laureys S, Owen AM. The vegetative state. BMJ. 2010 Aug 2;341:c3765. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c3765. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20679291 (View on PubMed)

Monti MM. Cognition in the vegetative state. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2012;8:431-54. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143050. Epub 2012 Jan 3.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22224835 (View on PubMed)

Tufail Y, Yoshihiro A, Pati S, Li MM, Tyler WJ. Ultrasonic neuromodulation by brain stimulation with transcranial ultrasound. Nat Protoc. 2011 Sep 1;6(9):1453-70. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2011.371.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21886108 (View on PubMed)

Folloni D, Verhagen L, Mars RB, Fouragnan E, Constans C, Aubry JF, Rushworth MFS, Sallet J. Manipulation of Subcortical and Deep Cortical Activity in the Primate Brain Using Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation. Neuron. 2019 Mar 20;101(6):1109-1116.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.019. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 30765166 (View on PubMed)

Yoo SS, Kim H, Min BK, Franck E, Park S. Transcranial focused ultrasound to the thalamus alters anesthesia time in rats. Neuroreport. 2011 Oct 26;22(15):783-7. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e32834b2957.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21876461 (View on PubMed)

Deffieux T, Younan Y, Wattiez N, Tanter M, Pouget P, Aubry JF. Low-intensity focused ultrasound modulates monkey visuomotor behavior. Curr Biol. 2013 Dec 2;23(23):2430-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.10.029. Epub 2013 Nov 14.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24239121 (View on PubMed)

Legon W, Sato TF, Opitz A, Mueller J, Barbour A, Williams A, Tyler WJ. Transcranial focused ultrasound modulates the activity of primary somatosensory cortex in humans. Nat Neurosci. 2014 Feb;17(2):322-9. doi: 10.1038/nn.3620. Epub 2014 Jan 12.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24413698 (View on PubMed)

Bystritsky A, Korb AS, Douglas PK, Cohen MS, Melega WP, Mulgaonkar AP, DeSalles A, Min BK, Yoo SS. A review of low-intensity focused ultrasound pulsation. Brain Stimul. 2011 Jul;4(3):125-36. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2011.03.007. Epub 2011 Apr 1.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21777872 (View on PubMed)

Monti MM, Schnakers C, Korb AS, Bystritsky A, Vespa PM. Non-Invasive Ultrasonic Thalamic Stimulation in Disorders of Consciousness after Severe Brain Injury: A First-in-Man Report. Brain Stimul. 2016 Nov-Dec;9(6):940-941. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.07.008. Epub 2016 Jul 22. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27567470 (View on PubMed)

Tsubokawa T, Yamamoto T, Katayama Y, Hirayama T, Maejima S, Moriya T. Deep-brain stimulation in a persistent vegetative state: follow-up results and criteria for selection of candidates. Brain Inj. 1990 Oct-Dec;4(4):315-27. doi: 10.3109/02699059009026185.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 2252964 (View on PubMed)

Schiff ND, Giacino JT, Kalmar K, Victor JD, Baker K, Gerber M, Fritz B, Eisenberg B, Biondi T, O'Connor J, Kobylarz EJ, Farris S, Machado A, McCagg C, Plum F, Fins JJ, Rezai AR. Behavioural improvements with thalamic stimulation after severe traumatic brain injury. Nature. 2007 Aug 2;448(7153):600-3. doi: 10.1038/nature06041.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17671503 (View on PubMed)

Schiff ND. Recovery of consciousness after brain injury: a mesocircuit hypothesis. Trends Neurosci. 2010 Jan;33(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2009.11.002. Epub 2009 Dec 1.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19954851 (View on PubMed)

Monti MM, Rosenberg M, Finoia P, Kamau E, Pickard JD, Owen AM. Thalamo-frontal connectivity mediates top-down cognitive functions in disorders of consciousness. Neurology. 2015 Jan 13;84(2):167-73. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001123. Epub 2014 Dec 5.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25480912 (View on PubMed)

Lutkenhoff ES, McArthur DL, Hua X, Thompson PM, Vespa PM, Monti MM. Thalamic atrophy in antero-medial and dorsal nuclei correlates with six-month outcome after severe brain injury. Neuroimage Clin. 2013 Oct 5;3:396-404. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.09.010. eCollection 2013.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24273723 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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TP230324

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

IRB-24-1241

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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