Comparing Unilateral and Bilateral Proximal GONPRF in Migraine Treatment

NCT ID: NCT06894121

Last Updated: 2025-03-25

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

190 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-12-18

Study Completion Date

2026-01-31

Brief Summary

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This study is designed to compare the clinical effectiveness of unilateral and bilateral Greater Occipital Nerve Pulsed Radiofrequency (GON-PRF) treatment at the C2 level in patients with migraine. The procedure will be guided by ultrasound and will focus on evaluating how each technique affects migraine symptoms.

The main goal of this study is to assess the impact of both unilateral and bilateral GON-PRF treatments on migraine relief. Additionally, the secondary objectives of this study include evaluating the effects of these treatments on migraine-related disability and comparing any potential side effects or complications that may occur during the treatments.

This research will help us understand which technique may be more effective and provide more information on the safety of these treatments.

Detailed Description

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Migraine is a common neurological disorder that can affect patients' quality of life and socio-economic functionality. In cases of resistant headaches that do not respond to conservative pharmacological treatment, peripheral nerve blocks, particularly greater occipital nerve (GON) block, can be applied. GON block (GONB) can help reduce the frequency and intensity of attacks, as well as the systemic side effects of pharmacological treatment. However, the literature reports that the effectiveness of GON block with local anesthetics and steroids for the treatment of various headache disorders is limited to a few weeks to several months .

To prolong the effect of peripheral nerve blocks, pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is used. PRF modulates pain transmission without damaging the nerve or surrounding sensitive structures by creating an electrical field in the targeted nerves. Greater occipital nerve pulsed radiofrequency (GON PRF) has been found to be effective and safe in the treatment of migraine . In the treatment of migraine resistant to conservative treatment, GON block and GON PRF, both proven to be effective and safe, are widely used in pain management practice and in our clinic.

GON block and GON PRF can be performed using anatomical landmark technique or under ultrasound guidance (USG). Currently, two different techniques for ultrasound-guided GON block are described. These are the proximal technique targeting the GON at the second cervical vertebra (C2) level and the distal technique targeting the superior nuchal line level. It has been reported that GON block and GON PRF applied with the proximal technique under ultrasound guidance are effective. In our clinic, we apply GON block and GON PRF treatments using ultrasound guidance with either the proximal or distal technique.

Although the exact mechanism of long-term headache relief following peripheral nerve blocks is unknown, it is thought to be related to central pain modulation. The upper cervical nerve roots are anatomically and functionally connected to the trigeminal pathways, and they converge in the trigeminal cervical complex. In a neurophysiological study conducted by Busch et al. on fifteen healthy volunteers without headaches, it was found that unilateral nerve block causes bilateral inhibition, and this inhibitory effect is thought to be due to modulation of the heterosynaptic convergence transmission of second-order neurons or interneurons extending from the caudal trigeminal nucleus to the upper cervical segments. In a retrospective study conducted on chronic migraine patients, it was reported that unilateral GONB was as effective as bilateral GONB in terms of the frequency, severity, and duration of headaches, with the added benefit of a lower frequency of side effects with unilateral GONB. Another retrospective study compared unilateral and bilateral proximal GON block in the treatment of chronic migraine. It was found that proximal GON block at the C2 level was effective in the treatment of chronic migraine, and bilateral application was not superior to unilateral application, with patients tolerating unilateral blocks better.

In our clinic, GON PRF treatment is performed under sterile conditions in an operating room, with patients monitored during the procedure and intravenous access established. For the proximal (C2) level, patients are positioned in a prone position with neck flexion. Anatomical landmarks include the obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) muscle and the bifid spinous process of C2. After sterilizing the application area, a linear ultrasound probe is placed transversely on the occipital protuberance, and it is moved caudally in the sagittal plane to first visualize C1 with a single spinous process, and then, when moving further caudally, C2 with two spinous processes. The probe is then moved laterally to visualize the OCI and semispinalis capitis (SSC) muscles, and it is slightly directed cephalad. The GON appears as an oval, hypoechoic structure between the OCI and SSC muscles at this level and is selected as the target. A catheter needle (22 gauge 5 cm 5 mm active tip RF cannula) and RF electrode are placed using an in-plane technique, from lateral to medial, near the target area (right or left GON). Following this, a sensory stimulation test is performed using the RF generator. After reporting dysesthesia and tingling sensations in the occipital region below 0.2 V by the patient, PRF treatment is applied at 45 V, 5 Hz, and 5 ms pulse width for 360 seconds, ensuring that the electrode tips do not exceed 42°C. For bilateral GON PRF, the same procedure is applied to the other side. No drug injections are administered during the GON PRF treatment. After the procedure, patients are observed in the recovery room for at least one hour and are discharged following a general and neurological evaluation.

According to current knowledge, there is no study comparing the effectiveness of unilateral and bilateral GON PRF in the treatment of migraine. Therefore, our study primarily aims to prospectively compare the clinical efficacy of unilateral and bilateral GON PRF treatment performed at the C2 level using a proximal technique under ultrasound guidance in migraine patients. Additionally, secondary objectives of this study include evaluating the effects of unilateral and bilateral GON PRF treatments on migraine-related disability and comparing any potential side effects and complications associated with the treatment.

Conditions

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Migraine, Greater Occipital Nerve Pulsed Radiofrequency Headache Disorders Ultrasound Guided Nerve Block

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

This study will have two arms comparing the efficacy of unilateral GON PRF treatment with bilateral GON PRF treatment. The clinical outcomes of the treatment methods in each arm will be evaluated.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Unilateral GON PRF Treatment

This arm involves applying unilateral greater occipital nerve pulsed radiofrequency (GON PRF) at the C2 level using ultrasound guidance. The procedure is performed on one side of the head (unilateral).

Group Type OTHER

Greater Occipital Nerve Pulsed Radiofrequency (Unilateral)

Intervention Type OTHER

Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) Pulsed Radiofrequency (PRF) treatment is performed under sterile conditions in the operating room. The patient is positioned in the prone position with neck flexion. Under ultrasound guidance at the proximal (C2) level, the needle is carefully placed near the GON, targeting the space between the Obliquus Capitis Inferior (OCI) muscle and C2's bifid spinous process. After proper sterilization, a linear ultrasound probe is used transversely over the occipital protuberance to locate the C1 and C2 vertebrae. Once identified, the RF needle and electrode are inserted laterally to medially using in-plane technique. A sensory stimulation test is done, and the PRF therapy is applied at a 45V setting, 5 Hz, and 5 ms pulse width for 360 seconds, with a maximum temperature of 42°C. No drug injections are administered during the procedure. Post-procedure, the patient is monitored for at least 1 hour before discharge after a general and neurological evaluation.

Bilateral GON PRF Treatment

This arm involves applying bilateral greater occipital nerve pulsed radiofrequency (GON PRF) at the C2 level using ultrasound guidance. The procedure is performed on both sides of the head (bilateral).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Bilateral GON PRF Treatment:

Intervention Type OTHER

Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) Pulsed Radiofrequency (PRF) treatment is performed under sterile conditions in the operating room. The patient is positioned in the prone position with neck flexion. Under ultrasound guidance at the proximal (C2) level, the needle is carefully placed near the GON, targeting the space between the Obliquus Capitis Inferior (OCI) muscle and C2's bifid spinous process. After proper sterilization, a linear ultrasound probe is used transversely over the occipital protuberance to locate the C1 and C2 vertebrae. Once identified, the RF needle and electrode are inserted laterally to medially using in-plane technique. A sensory stimulation test is done, and the PRF therapy is applied at a 45V setting, 5 Hz, and 5 ms pulse width for 360 seconds, with a maximum temperature of 42°C. No drug injections are administered during the procedure. Post-procedure, the patient is monitored for at least 1 hour before discharge after a general and neurological evaluation.

Bilater

Interventions

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Greater Occipital Nerve Pulsed Radiofrequency (Unilateral)

Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) Pulsed Radiofrequency (PRF) treatment is performed under sterile conditions in the operating room. The patient is positioned in the prone position with neck flexion. Under ultrasound guidance at the proximal (C2) level, the needle is carefully placed near the GON, targeting the space between the Obliquus Capitis Inferior (OCI) muscle and C2's bifid spinous process. After proper sterilization, a linear ultrasound probe is used transversely over the occipital protuberance to locate the C1 and C2 vertebrae. Once identified, the RF needle and electrode are inserted laterally to medially using in-plane technique. A sensory stimulation test is done, and the PRF therapy is applied at a 45V setting, 5 Hz, and 5 ms pulse width for 360 seconds, with a maximum temperature of 42°C. No drug injections are administered during the procedure. Post-procedure, the patient is monitored for at least 1 hour before discharge after a general and neurological evaluation.

Intervention Type OTHER

Bilateral GON PRF Treatment:

Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) Pulsed Radiofrequency (PRF) treatment is performed under sterile conditions in the operating room. The patient is positioned in the prone position with neck flexion. Under ultrasound guidance at the proximal (C2) level, the needle is carefully placed near the GON, targeting the space between the Obliquus Capitis Inferior (OCI) muscle and C2's bifid spinous process. After proper sterilization, a linear ultrasound probe is used transversely over the occipital protuberance to locate the C1 and C2 vertebrae. Once identified, the RF needle and electrode are inserted laterally to medially using in-plane technique. A sensory stimulation test is done, and the PRF therapy is applied at a 45V setting, 5 Hz, and 5 ms pulse width for 360 seconds, with a maximum temperature of 42°C. No drug injections are administered during the procedure. Post-procedure, the patient is monitored for at least 1 hour before discharge after a general and neurological evaluation.

Bilater

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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UGON-PRF BGON-PRF

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

\-

Exclusion Criteria

\-
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Ankara City Hospital Bilkent

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Ülkü Sabuncu

Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Sukriye Dadali, M.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Ankara City Hospital Bilkent

Locations

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Health Sciences University, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital

Ankara, Cankaya, Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status RECRUITING

Health Sciences University, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital

Ankara, Cankaya, Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Turkey (Türkiye)

Central Contacts

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Şükriye Dadalı, M.D.

Role: CONTACT

+905333316636 ext. +90

Ulku Sabuncu, M.D.

Role: CONTACT

905337085212 ext. +90

Facility Contacts

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+9031236065200 Dadali, MD, M.D.

Role: primary

+905333316636 ext. +90

+9031236065200 622102 Dadali, MD, M.D.

Role: primary

+905333316636 ext. +90

Ulku Sabuncu, Assoc. Prof.

Role: backup

+90 533 7085212 ext. +90

References

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Oliveira K, Dhondt N, Englesakis M, Goel A, Hoydonckx Y. Pulsed Radiofrequency Neuromodulation of the Greater Occipital Nerve for the Treatment of Headache Disorders in Adults: A Systematic Review. Can J Pain. 2024 May 15;8(1):2355571. doi: 10.1080/24740527.2024.2355571. eCollection 2024.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 38915302 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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TABED 1-24-763

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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