The Activation of Serratus Anterior Muscle During the Plank Exercise
NCT ID: NCT06606405
Last Updated: 2025-01-07
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
29 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2024-10-01
2025-01-04
Brief Summary
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The core, including the spine, hips, pelvis, and abdomen, provides stability and transfers forces throughout the body. Core and scapular stability are interrelated, and impairment in scapular stability can weaken core strength, increasing the risk of injury. Therefore, exercises targeting both the core and scapular muscles are vital in athletic training programs. The plank exercise, which minimizes spinal load and promotes strength, is preferred for enhancing both core and scapular endurance. However, improper form, especially due to weak stabilizer muscles, can lead to compensations that increase injury risk, such as long thoracic nerve injury. Although studies exist on serratus anterior activity during plank exercises, there is limited research on its activation in athletes with scapular dyskinesia.
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Detailed Description
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The core region of the body includes the spine, hips, pelvis, proximal lower extremities, and abdomen (Kibler, Press, \& Sciascia, 2006). The strength of these muscles allows for the transfer of compressive, translational, and shear forces, which serve to mechanically stabilize the spine and distribute forces to the rest of the body (Akuthota, Ferreiro, Moore, \& Fredericson, 2008; Fredericson \& Moore, 2005). Core stability is defined as the ability to control the position and movement of the trunk over the pelvis during integrated kinetic chain activities. It allows for the optimal transfer and control of force and movement to the terminal segment. Similar to the core muscles, the scapula plays an important role in transferring the force produced to the distal segments. Impairment in scapular stability can lead to a decrease in core strength, thereby increasing the risk of injury and reducing athletic performance. For this reason, exercises aimed at increasing scapular muscle and core endurance should be incorporated into athletes\' exercise programs to prevent injury and enhance performance (Cobanoglu, Keklik, Zorlular, Polat, \& Akaras, 2019). One of the exercises frequently included in Korean strength training programs for athletes is the plank exercise. Unlike sit-up exercises, the plank exercise is widely preferred to increase strength and endurance because it does not place a load on the lumbar spine and only minimally loads the spine when performed using body weight (Topçu et al., 2022). It is very important to perform plank exercises with correct segment alignment. The correct plank position is achieved in a push-up stance, with body weight supported by the forearms, elbows, and toes. The arms should be placed directly under the shoulder joints, and the entire body should maintain a straight alignment (Neporent, Schlosberg, \& Archer, 2011; Zhang, Dong, \& El Saddik, 2016). A lack of strength in the core or scapular stabilizer muscles during the plank may cause the person to adopt an incorrect posture by compensating with the thoracic spine or lower hips. In fact, a case report indicated that incorrect and excessive scapular activity during plank exercises may lead to long thoracic nerve injury (Güzel, Ozen, \& Sözay, 2023). There are studies in the literature examining the activity of the serratus anterior muscle, which is responsible for scapular stabilization, in athletes during plank exercises (Can, Harput, \& Turgut, 2024). However, no research has been found that evaluates serratus anterior EMG activity during plank exercises in athletes with scapular dyskinesia.\"
Conditions
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Study Design
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CASE_CONTROL
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Study Groups
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Scapular Dyskinesis Group
adolescent volleyball players with scapular dyskinesis
scapular dyskinesis test
Scapular dyskinesia in athletes will be visually evaluated. It will be considered present if, during 3 out of 5 arm elevation attempts, any of the following are observed: prominence of the medial or upper scapular border, lower scapular angle, excessive clavicular elevation, or rapid downward rotation of the scapula. After the tester demonstrates the required movements, the athletes will practice the movement. The test will begin with the arms at the sides of the body, elbows straight, and shoulders in neutral rotation. Two testers will observe from behind and video record the movements. Participants will be instructed to raise their arms as high as possible simultaneously, using the \'thumbs up\' position, and to maintain this position for 3 seconds before lowering their arms for another 3 seconds. Athletes will perform the arm elevation with a dumbbell weight calculated as 1.4% of their body weight (Kamonseki, Haik, Ribeiro, Almeida, \& Camargo, 2023).
Control Group
adolescent volleyball players without scapular dyskinesis
scapular dyskinesis test
Scapular dyskinesia in athletes will be visually evaluated. It will be considered present if, during 3 out of 5 arm elevation attempts, any of the following are observed: prominence of the medial or upper scapular border, lower scapular angle, excessive clavicular elevation, or rapid downward rotation of the scapula. After the tester demonstrates the required movements, the athletes will practice the movement. The test will begin with the arms at the sides of the body, elbows straight, and shoulders in neutral rotation. Two testers will observe from behind and video record the movements. Participants will be instructed to raise their arms as high as possible simultaneously, using the \'thumbs up\' position, and to maintain this position for 3 seconds before lowering their arms for another 3 seconds. Athletes will perform the arm elevation with a dumbbell weight calculated as 1.4% of their body weight (Kamonseki, Haik, Ribeiro, Almeida, \& Camargo, 2023).
Interventions
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scapular dyskinesis test
Scapular dyskinesia in athletes will be visually evaluated. It will be considered present if, during 3 out of 5 arm elevation attempts, any of the following are observed: prominence of the medial or upper scapular border, lower scapular angle, excessive clavicular elevation, or rapid downward rotation of the scapula. After the tester demonstrates the required movements, the athletes will practice the movement. The test will begin with the arms at the sides of the body, elbows straight, and shoulders in neutral rotation. Two testers will observe from behind and video record the movements. Participants will be instructed to raise their arms as high as possible simultaneously, using the \'thumbs up\' position, and to maintain this position for 3 seconds before lowering their arms for another 3 seconds. Athletes will perform the arm elevation with a dumbbell weight calculated as 1.4% of their body weight (Kamonseki, Haik, Ribeiro, Almeida, \& Camargo, 2023).
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
* History of shoulder surgery or fractures.
* Recent acute orthopedic injuries to the lower extremities, upper extremities, or lower back.
* History of any neurological or systemic diseases.
* Significant spinal deformities, such as scoliosis.
13 Years
18 Years
FEMALE
Yes
Sponsors
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Berivan Beril Kılıç
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Berivan Beril Kılıç
Asst. Prof.
Locations
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Biruni University
Istanbul, , Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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References
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Conceicao A, Parraca J, Marinho D, Costa M, Louro H, Silva A, Batalha N. Assessment of isometric strength of the shoulder rotators in swimmers using a handheld dynamometer: a reliability study. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2018;20(4):113-119.
Cobanoglu, G., Suner Keklik, S., Zorlular, A., Aygun Polat, E., & Akaras, E. (2021). The relationship between scapular and core muscle endurance in professional athletes . Annals of Medical Research, 26(7), 1295-1300. Retrieved from https://annalsmedres.org/index.php/aomr/article/view/1278
Topçu, Huseyin, Arabacı, Ramiz, Güngör, Ali Kamil, Birinci, Yakup Zühtü, Pancar, Serkan, & Şekir, Ufuk. (2022). Muscle activity of kore muscles during plank exercise on different surfaces. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 24(3), 298-305.
Neporent, Liz, Schlosberg, Suzanne, & Archer, Shirley J. (2011). Weight training for dummies: John Wiley & Sons.
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Kamonseki DH, Haik MN, Ribeiro LP, Almeida RF, Camargo PR. Scapular movement training is not superior to standardized exercises in the treatment of individuals with chronic shoulder pain and scapular dyskinesis: randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil. 2023 Sep;45(18):2925-2935. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2114552. Epub 2022 Aug 24.
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Other Identifiers
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69869
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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