Physical Performance and 3D Shoulder Kinematics of Asymptomatic Unilateral/Bilateral Overhead Athletes and Non-athletes

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Total Enrollment

90 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2018-06-01

Study Completion Date

2021-07-31

Brief Summary

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This study compares the performance and 3-dimensional shoulder kinematics between sides in unilateral overhead-throwers (volleyball attackers), bilateral overhead athletes (swimmers) and non-athletes during two physical performance measures of the upper extremity, one in an open kinetic chain position (unilateral seated shot put test) and the other in a closed kinetic chain position (upper quarter Y balance test)

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Detailed Description

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3-dimensional shoulder kinematics (e.g., scapular angular position/displacement) at key events of each test will be described and compared across sides and groups. For the unilateral seated shot put test, the events are based on humeral motion: a) initiation of humeral motion, b) maximal humeral flexion, c) end of humeral motion. For the upper quarter Y balance test the events are the a) initiation of free hand motion on "GO", b) maximal reach on the medial direction, c) maximal reach on superolateral direction, and d) maximal reach on the inferolateral direction (kinematics measured on the stance upper extremity). The best of 3 maximal-effort trials on each side will be used for analysis. Warm-up exercises and two submaximal practice trials will be performed for preparation for maximal efforts and familiarization with the tests. A rest period of at least one minute between trials will be given to guarantee good physiological conditions to maximally perform. Further resting time will be allowed, if necessary, upon request of the participant.

Conditions

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Shoulder Pain

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

CASE_CONTROL

Study Time Perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

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Unilateral overhead throwing athletes

Volleyball attackers involved in competitive events ≥ 2 years, ≥18 years of age

Chronic exposure to unilateral overhead sports activity

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Overhead sports athletes that have been chronically exposed (≥ 2 years) predominantly to specific unilateral overhead movement patterns of the dominant extremity ("throwing arm"), such as throwing or hitting a ball ("asymmetrical overhead sports).

Bilateral overhead athletes

Swimmers involved in competitive events ≥ 2 years, ≥18 years of age

Chronic exposure to bilateral overhead sports activity

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Overhead sports athletes that have been chronically exposed (≥ 2 years) predominantly to bilateral overhead movement patterns of the upper extremities, such as swimmers ("symmetrical overhead sports").

Non-athletes

Persons not regularly involved in sports activities or occupational overhead tasks (e.g. construction workers), ≥18 years of age

Not exposed

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

People not engaged in regular sports competition/exercise training.

Interventions

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Chronic exposure to unilateral overhead sports activity

Overhead sports athletes that have been chronically exposed (≥ 2 years) predominantly to specific unilateral overhead movement patterns of the dominant extremity ("throwing arm"), such as throwing or hitting a ball ("asymmetrical overhead sports).

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Chronic exposure to bilateral overhead sports activity

Overhead sports athletes that have been chronically exposed (≥ 2 years) predominantly to bilateral overhead movement patterns of the upper extremities, such as swimmers ("symmetrical overhead sports").

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Not exposed

People not engaged in regular sports competition/exercise training.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Perform at least 150 degrees of arm elevation

Exclusion Criteria

* history of shoulder dislocation
* surgery in the upper extremity ≥ 6 months
* injury in the past month
* evident abnormalities in posture and movement of the upper body quadrant
* pain at the time of testing

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes