3D Shoulder Kinematics During Throwing-related Movement Patterns Tasks in Upper Extremity Low-to-moderate/Moderate-to-high Loading Conditions

NCT ID: NCT02852785

Last Updated: 2021-01-06

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: UNKNOWN
• Total Enrollment: 150 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2018-07-24
• Study Completion Date: 2021-07-31

Brief Summary

The main purpose of this study is to characterize and compare the 3D shoulder kinematics bilaterally while performing functional movement patterns tests that hypothetically replicate the 5 main phases of the throwing cycle. The tests are based on diagonal D2 for flexion (early and late cocking of the arm) and D2 for extension (acceleration, deceleration and follow-through of the arm) of the upper extremity of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques.

Detailed Description

The 3D shoulder kinematics (thorax, scapula and humerus) will be collected in different groups of subjects with specific characteristics. To load the upper extremity during PNF D2 for flexion and extension directions, elastic tubing (Thera-Band) will be used as resistance. Selection of the two resistances will be according to a self-perceived ability of the subjects to consistently move a maximal amount of resistance (color) during PNF D2 flexion and extension tests for 15s and 30s, respectively. Each subject will be permitted to sample various resistances in order to assist in selecting the most appropriate load, with no more than three practice repetitions permitted per each resistance sampled.

To perform the tests, subjects will be sited in a standard chair without armrests, with their feet and lower legs placed on another standard chair, positioned just in front of their chair and the non-testing arm placed across the thoracic wall, to minimize the participation of the legs and trunk to upper extremity performance during testing. Elastic tubing will be anchored to a stable base to perform the diagonals (Thera-Band door anchor accessory or the opposite foot). Five repetitions of each test on both sides will be performed, in two different moments (5-10 minutes apart). A rate of 2 seconds per repetition will be employed during recordings using a metronome. A rest period will be given between trials to avoid fatigue. To perform the tests, subjects will begin/end with their hand on the contralateral hip and end/begin at head height and shoulder width. A marker will be placed in the latter position to standardize the start and end of hand position. The order of the tests (PNF D2 flexion and extension) and side (symptomatic/dominant and asymptomatic/non-dominant) will be randomized.

Conditions

Shoulder Pain

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: CASE_CONTROL
• Study Time Perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

Asymptomatic volleyball attackers

Asymptomatic volleyball attackers involved in competitive events ≥ 2 years and no signs of postural and movement impairments of the upper body quadrant

PNF D2 for flexion; low-to-moderate loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for flexion during low-to-moderate loading condition

PNF D2 for flexion; moderate-to-high loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for flexion during moderate-to-high loading condition

PNF D2 for extension; low-to-moderate loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for extension during low-to-moderate loading condition

PNF D2 for extension; moderate-to-high loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for extension during moderate-to-high loading condition

Asymptomatic bilateral overhead athletes

Asymptomatic swimmers involved in competitive events ≥ 2 years and no signs of postural and movement impairments of the upper body quadrant

PNF D2 for flexion; low-to-moderate loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for flexion during low-to-moderate loading condition

PNF D2 for flexion; moderate-to-high loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for flexion during moderate-to-high loading condition

PNF D2 for extension; low-to-moderate loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for extension during low-to-moderate loading condition

PNF D2 for extension; moderate-to-high loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for extension during moderate-to-high loading condition

Asymptomatic non-athletes

Asymptomatic persons not regularly involved in sports activities or occupational overhead tasks (e.g. construction workers),

PNF D2 for flexion; low-to-moderate loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for flexion during low-to-moderate loading condition

PNF D2 for flexion; moderate-to-high loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for flexion during moderate-to-high loading condition

PNF D2 for extension; low-to-moderate loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for extension during low-to-moderate loading condition

PNF D2 for extension; moderate-to-high loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for extension during moderate-to-high loading condition

Asympt. athletes / scapula dyskinesis

Asymptomatic volleyball attackers involved in competitive events ≥ 2 years and with clinical evidence of scapula dyskinesis

PNF D2 for flexion; low-to-moderate loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for flexion during low-to-moderate loading condition

PNF D2 for flexion; moderate-to-high loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for flexion during moderate-to-high loading condition

PNF D2 for extension; low-to-moderate loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for extension during low-to-moderate loading condition

PNF D2 for extension; moderate-to-high loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for extension during moderate-to-high loading condition

Symptom. athletes / scapula dyskinesis

Volleyball attackers involved in competitive events ≥ 2 years and with clinical evidence of scapula dyskinesis and complaints of shoulder pain and disability

PNF D2 for flexion; low-to-moderate loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for flexion during low-to-moderate loading condition

PNF D2 for flexion; moderate-to-high loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for flexion during moderate-to-high loading condition

PNF D2 for extension; low-to-moderate loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for extension during low-to-moderate loading condition

PNF D2 for extension; moderate-to-high loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for extension during moderate-to-high loading condition

Interventions

PNF D2 for flexion; low-to-moderate loading condition

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for flexion during low-to-moderate loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

PNF D2 for flexion; moderate-to-high loading condition

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for flexion during moderate-to-high loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

PNF D2 for extension; low-to-moderate loading condition

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for extension during low-to-moderate loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

PNF D2 for extension; moderate-to-high loading condition

Exposure to upper extremity PNF D2 for extension during moderate-to-high loading condition

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• subjects who can perform at least 150 degrees of arm elevation

Exclusion Criteria

• subjects rating pain ≥8/10
• score 5 on any of the items of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH)
• pain elicited by provocation maneuvers of the neighboring regions (e.g., cervical spine).

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 40 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

University of Lisbon

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Instituto Politécnico de Leiria

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Universidade do Porto

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Nuno Morais

PhD student

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa

Oeiras, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal

Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria

Leiria, , Portugal

Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto

Porto, , Portugal

Countries

Portugal

Other Identifiers

FADEUP_PhDPT_NunoMorais_std#3

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id