Effects of Anesthesia Technique on Endothelial Function

NCT ID: NCT06515028

Last Updated: 2024-08-13

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 106 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-08-25
• Study Completion Date: 2025-01-30

Brief Summary

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different anesthesia methods, general anesthesia and infraclavicular block, on oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in upper extremity forearm operations.This prospective study aims to determine the ideal anesthesia method for patients undergoing upper extremity forearm surgeries under tourniquet by comparing general anesthesia and infraclavicular block applications in terms of oxidative stress and ED related to ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Detailed Description

Pneumatic tourniquets are commonly used in orthopedic extremity surgeries to reduce surgical trauma and blood loss. When the tourniquet is released, it leads to the release of more free oxygen radicals than under physiological conditions, resulting in ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction (ED).

Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by the imbalance between vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin, which regulate vascular tone by exerting vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive effects.During ischemia, xanthine oxidase (XO) derived from xanthine dehydrogenase is the main source of free oxygen radicals (FOR), including superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl anion (OH-). Superoxide anion reacts with NO to produce peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a reactive oxygen derivative. Free radicals affect unsaturated fatty acids in membranes, leading to the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), which exerts cytotoxic effects on endothelial cells. Increased production of FOR due to oxidative stress and dysfunction of antioxidant mechanisms result in protein carbonylation. Protein carbonyl groups (PC) serve as indicators of severe oxidative damage and loss of protein function

Conditions

Endothelial Dysfunction; Ischemia Reperfusion; Oxidative Stress

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: PREVENTION
• Blinding Strategy: QUADRUPLE

Study Groups

Group GA: general anesthesia

Group GA

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Group GA

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

Anesthesia induction will be performed preoxygenation with 3 minutes of 80% FiO2 , followed by intravenosus propofol 2-2.5 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 µg/kg. Rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg will be administered for neuromuscular blockade, followed by endotracheal intubation after 2 minutes of mask ventilation. Anesthesia maintenance will be achieved with inhalation of 2.5-3.3% sevoflurane with 50% oxygen and 50% air mixture, along with infusion of remifentanil at 0.1 micrograms/kg/min. ventilation will be performed using a volume-controlled.

Group IB : infraclavicular block

Group IB

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Group IB

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

infraclavicular brachial plexus block will be performed in supine position with the arm adducted and flexed at 90 degrees. A mixture consisting of 15 ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine, 15 ml of 2% Lidocaine, and 30 ml of saline solution will be prepared, with equal concentrations distributed into three different syringes of 20 milliliters each. The clavicular notch will be palpated, and an ultrasound linear probe covered with a sterile sheath will be positioned in the lateral sagittal plane over this area to visualize the median, lateral, and posterior cords of the brachial plexus surrounding the axillary artery. A special Stimuplex A 22G, 100 mm needle will be used for plexus anesthesia. local anesthetic injection will be sequentially performed around the posterior, median, and lateral cords under ultrasound guidance. After confirming sensory and motor block, the operation will be commenced.

Interventions

Group GA

Anesthesia induction will be performed preoxygenation with 3 minutes of 80% FiO2 , followed by intravenosus propofol 2-2.5 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 µg/kg. Rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg will be administered for neuromuscular blockade, followed by endotracheal intubation after 2 minutes of mask ventilation. Anesthesia maintenance will be achieved with inhalation of 2.5-3.3% sevoflurane with 50% oxygen and 50% air mixture, along with infusion of remifentanil at 0.1 micrograms/kg/min. ventilation will be performed using a volume-controlled.

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

Group IB

infraclavicular brachial plexus block will be performed in supine position with the arm adducted and flexed at 90 degrees. A mixture consisting of 15 ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine, 15 ml of 2% Lidocaine, and 30 ml of saline solution will be prepared, with equal concentrations distributed into three different syringes of 20 milliliters each. The clavicular notch will be palpated, and an ultrasound linear probe covered with a sterile sheath will be positioned in the lateral sagittal plane over this area to visualize the median, lateral, and posterior cords of the brachial plexus surrounding the axillary artery. A special Stimuplex A 22G, 100 mm needle will be used for plexus anesthesia. local anesthetic injection will be sequentially performed around the posterior, median, and lateral cords under ultrasound guidance. After confirming sensory and motor block, the operation will be commenced.

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Scheduled for upper extremity surgery using a pneumatic tourniquet
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I

Exclusion Criteria

• Under 18 or over 65 years of age
• Hypertension
• Diabetes mellitus
• Malignancy
• Cardiovascular disease history (congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, venous thrombosis)
• Cerebrovascular disease history
• Liver/kidney dysfunction
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• History of substance and tobacco use
• History of extremity ischemia

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 65 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Sezen Kumaş Solak

Principle Investigator

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

SEZEN KUMAS SOLAK

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Bagcılar Training Research Hospital

Central Contacts

SEZEN KUMAS SOLAK, MD

Role: CONTACT

sezenkumassolak@gmail.com

+905055729494

References

Rosenfeldt F, Wilson M, Lee G, Kure C, Ou R, Braun L, de Haan J. Oxidative stress in surgery in an ageing population: pathophysiology and therapy. Exp Gerontol. 2013 Jan;48(1):45-54. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.03.010. Epub 2012 Mar 23.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 22465624 (View on PubMed)

Gourdin MJ, Bree B, De Kock M. The impact of ischaemia-reperfusion on the blood vessel. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2009 Jul;26(7):537-47. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e328324b7c2.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 19412112 (View on PubMed)

Vlachopoulos C, Xaplanteris P, Aboyans V, Brodmann M, Cifkova R, Cosentino F, De Carlo M, Gallino A, Landmesser U, Laurent S, Lekakis J, Mikhailidis DP, Naka KK, Protogerou AD, Rizzoni D, Schmidt-Trucksass A, Van Bortel L, Weber T, Yamashina A, Zimlichman R, Boutouyrie P, Cockcroft J, O'Rourke M, Park JB, Schillaci G, Sillesen H, Townsend RR. The role of vascular biomarkers for primary and secondary prevention. A position paper from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on peripheral circulation: Endorsed by the Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology (ARTERY) Society. Atherosclerosis. 2015 Aug;241(2):507-32. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.007. Epub 2015 May 16.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 26117398 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Bagcılar2

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id