Photomedicine Project 14: PBMT for Performance Enhancement in SOF

NCT ID: NCT06380179

Last Updated: 2025-07-03

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

116 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-01-23

Study Completion Date

2025-12-31

Brief Summary

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Special Operations Forces (SOF) train continually to maintain peak performance. Thus, they are nearly always in a state of recovery, and in need of noninvasive therapies to address the taxing workload. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a noninvasive treatment where a low-level laser is applied to the body to enhance healing, recovery, and performance. Army Tactical Human Optimization Rapid Rehabilitation and Reconditioning (THOR3) provides a consistent avenue for implementation of PBMT as a modality. Studies in athletes have shown performance and recovery benefits with pre-and post-workout focal application of PBMT. While there is less evidence on the potential cognitive/behavioral effects of a systematic application of PBMT, self-reported fatigue has also been found to be significantly lower in groups with focal PBMT application as compared to placebo. Further, PBMT research in healthy military tactical athletes is limited. PBMT may be a promising tool for enhancing physical performance by accelerating musculoskeletal and psychological recovery in the SOF population. The investigators aim to study the physiologic and behavioral effects of PBMT application post-exercise on performance in SOF Operators.

The Intent: The investigators propose to conduct a single-blinded randomized-control trial with sham control to investigate the effectiveness of providing PBMT post physical training in a SOF population.

The specific aims of this study are to:

1. Analyze and describe the physiologic effects, if any, of PBMT application post-exercise in Special Forces Operators undergoing coach-led training.
2. Analyze and describe the behavioral effects, if any, of PBMT application post-exercise in Special Forces Operators undergoing coach-led training.
3. Evaluate the overall clinical utility of focal PBMT subsequent to physical training in a US Army SOF, tactical athlete population.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Photobiomodulation Therapy Photomedicine Low-Level Laser Therapy Performance Enhancement Quadriceps Special Operations Readiness

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Approach: Special Operators attending THOR3 coach led training will be invited to participate. After consenting and screening for inclusion/exclusion, participants will be randomized into two groups: 1) sham PBMT and 2) PBMT (applied to quadriceps up to 3 times per week, post coach-led training, taking approximately 5-20 minutes each time). Baseline measurements will include body fat percentage, height, weight and military/demographic information. Metrics for counter movement jump and self-reported delayed muscle onset soreness will be taken at baseline and weekly for three weeks. Isokinetic dynamometer measurements for the lower extremities, and self-reported exertion and fatigue will be taken at baseline and at the 3-week follow-up (post three-week intervention). Oura rings will be assigned at baseline and will continuously measure sleep, heart rate, Sp02, and activity. Activity and pain will also be self-reported throughout the duration of the study.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants
In order to facilitate participant blinding to their randomized study group, all participants (regardless of their assigned study group) will be asked to wear blackout glasses and headphones during their treatment.

Study Groups

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Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)

PBMT will be delivered at 32-40 watts (W) (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT)

Intervention Type DEVICE

PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.

PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.

Sham PBMT

The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.

Group Type SHAM_COMPARATOR

THOR3 training + sham PBMT

Intervention Type DEVICE

Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).

Interventions

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THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT)

PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.

PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.

Intervention Type DEVICE

THOR3 training + sham PBMT

Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).

Intervention Type DEVICE

Other Intervention Names

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Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT) LightForce® XLi THOR3 training + placebo

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Active-Duty Special Forces Personnel (18-series)
* Able to read and understand English language for consent purposes
* Able to commit to study intervention and follow-up
* Able to participate in THOR3 coach-lead training, without restriction

Exclusion Criteria

* Obese (body fat \> 25%)
* Cardiovascular disease
* Use of select medications (e.g., statins, diuretics, hypertensive agents)
* Female
* Tattoo in treatment area (body region)
* Diagnosis with porphyria (light induced allergy) or photosensitive eczema
* Current use of medications associated with sensitivity to heat or light (e.g., amiodarone, chlorpromazine, doxycycline, hydrochlorothiazide, nalidixic acid, naproxen, piroxicam, tetracycline, thioridazine, voriconazole)
* Use of pacemaker/underlying cardiac disease
* Diagnosed with autoimmune disease(s)
* Albinism
* Peripheral Neuropathy
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

45 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Uniformed Services University (USU) of the Health Sciences

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

1st Special Forces Group (Airborne), United States Army

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

United States Army Special Operations Command

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

The Geneva Foundation

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Musculoskeletal Injury Rehabilitation Research for Operational Readiness (MIRROR)

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Bradley H Cornell, DPT

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

1st Special Forces Group Tactical Human Optimization, Rapid Rehabilitation and Reconditioning (THOR3)

Locations

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Joint Base Lewis-McChord

Joint Base Lewis McChord, Washington, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Bradley H Cornell, DPT

Role: CONTACT

253-477-2130

Nicholas R Hughes, DPT

Role: CONTACT

253-477-2138

Facility Contacts

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Bradley H Cornell

Role: primary

References

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Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Related Links

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https://mirrorusuhs.org/photomedicine-research

Homepage for all current Photomedicine projects, including PM#14.

Other Identifiers

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USUHS.2023-126

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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