Bispectral Index and Emergence Agitation in Spinal Surgeries

NCT ID: NCT06217341

Last Updated: 2024-01-22

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: RECRUITING
• Total Enrollment: 60 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2023-12-29
• Study Completion Date: 2024-04-29

Brief Summary

Recovery and emergence agitation is a problem that occurs after anesthesia and requires urgent intervention. The effects of changes in EEG waves during anesthesia or undesirable deep periods in Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring on recovery agitation are the subject of this research.

Detailed Description

Many strategies have been developed to monitor perioperative anesthesia depth. Bispectral index (BIS) is a monitor that analyzes electroencephalogram (EEG) data and produces a numerical value. This value indicates the patient's level of consciousness and helps evaluate the depth of anesthesia. BIS is a routinely used monitor that continuously monitors the patient's state of consciousness during anesthesia. In this way, the depth of anesthesia can be controlled more precisely (1). When the level of consciousness is deep, the BIS value decreases and increases as the surface is approached. With this feature, it ensures that the patient's depth of anesthesia is kept at an optimal level and adjusted when necessary. This may help minimize anesthesia-related complications(2). BIS alone may not be sufficient to evaluate the depth of anesthesia. It should be used in conjunction with other clinical findings and monitors. Nowadays, anesthesia depth monitoring is a widely used method and is performed routinely in our clinic.

Many strategies have been developed to monitor perioperative anesthesia depth. BIS is a monitor that analyzes electroencephalogram (EEG) data and produces a numerical value. This value indicates the patient's level of consciousness and helps evaluate the depth of anesthesia. BIS is a routinely used monitor that continuously monitors the patient's state of consciousness during anesthesia. In this way, the depth of anesthesia can be controlled more precisely (1). When the level of consciousness is deep, the BIS value decreases and increases as the surface is approached. With this feature, it ensures that the patient's depth of anesthesia is kept at an optimal level and adjusted when necessary. This may help minimize anesthesia-related complications(2). BIS alone may not be sufficient to evaluate the depth of anesthesia. It should be used in conjunction with other clinical findings and monitors. Nowadays, anesthesia depth monitoring is a widely used method and is performed routinely in our clinic.

BIS (Bisspectral Index) Suppression Ratio is a value that measures the suppression rate of brain activity during anesthesia (3). This rate is calculated by analyzing EEG (Electroencephalogram) signals. This ratio indicates significant decreases in brain activity and increases as anesthesia deepens (4). Suppression is often desired in cases of deep anesthesia, especially during surgical intervention. However, an excessively high suppression rate can lead to delayed recovery times. The use of BIS Suppression Ratio in anesthesia management can help to more precisely control the patient's arousal process and the depth of general anesthesia. This value provides the anesthesia team with a guide to optimize the patient's state of consciousness and minimize complications that may occur during anesthesia. However, it is important that BIS Suppression Ratio should not be evaluated alone and should be used in conjunction with other clinical information(5). Each patient's response may be different, and therefore the anesthesia team must manage the depth of anesthesia by considering multiple factors. It has been shown in the literature that BIS Suppression Ratio (SR) values >40 have a similar effect to low BIS values. However, the undesirable Suppression Ratio in terms of number and duration is not fully known (6).

"Recovery agitation" generally refers to a situation that may occur after a surgical intervention or anesthesia. This condition describes the restlessness and agitation (symptoms such as restlessness, tension, insomnia) that the patient shows during the awakening process and during the recovery period from anesthesia. Recovery agitation sometimes occurs when the patient tries to wake up. It may occur when it starts and is usually a short-term condition that resolves on its own. However, in some cases, this agitation may be more pronounced and disturbing. This may affect the patient's condition and relaxation. The severity of the agitation may vary from person to person. Rapid recovery from anesthesia in the clinic is also a risk of agitation. Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale and Richmond Agitation-Sedation scale are the most frequently used methods to measure recovery agitation (7).

When the literature is examined, there are not enough studies on Bis suppression ratio and its relationship with recovery agitation is not yet known enough. For this purpose, our study aimed to question this relationship.

Conditions

Anesthesia Recovery Periods; Anesthesia Complication; Electroencephalography

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: COHORT
• Study Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

emergence agitation group

Patients in the emergence agitation group are patients who are observed to be agitated during recovery according to the Richmond agitation sedation scale after anesthesia.

In the study, bispectral index monitoring and follow-up will be applied to both groups.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Perioperative Bispectral Index Monitoring (BIS) monitor and Bispectral Index suppression Rate (BIS-SR) monitoring will be applied. The duration and magnitude of BIS-SR values will be examined together with BIS values in terms of recovery agitation.

calm group

The calm group will consist of patients whose agitation scale is below +2 during recovery.

In the study, bispectral index monitoring and follow-up will be applied to both groups.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Perioperative Bispectral Index Monitoring (BIS) monitor and Bispectral Index suppression Rate (BIS-SR) monitoring will be applied. The duration and magnitude of BIS-SR values will be examined together with BIS values in terms of recovery agitation.

Interventions

In the study, bispectral index monitoring and follow-up will be applied to both groups.

Perioperative Bispectral Index Monitoring (BIS) monitor and Bispectral Index suppression Rate (BIS-SR) monitoring will be applied. The duration and magnitude of BIS-SR values will be examined together with BIS values in terms of recovery agitation.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Other Intervention Names

Bispectral Index Monitoring

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• 1. Patients who will undergo lumbar disc herniation surgery in Kocaeli city hospital operating rooms will be included in our study after ethics committee approval.

2. Patients over the age of 18 will be included in the study.

3. Patients with an ASA score of 1-2 and without neurological disease will be included.

4.Patients without known vascular diseases will be included.

5. Study patients will receive routine anesthesia premedication and routine analgesics, and patients with different procedures will not be included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria

• 1. Patients who do not want to participate in the study will not be included.

2. Patients with intraoperative profound hypotension (mean arterial pressure <50) will be excluded.

3. Those who develop intraoperative hypothermia or other anesthesia complications will be removed.

4. Patients who will not be extubated postoperatively will be excluded from the study.

5. Those with neurological diseases or using psychiatric medications will also be excluded from the study.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Bozok University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Ahmet YUKSEK

Associate professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Ahmet YUKSEK, Md

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Kocaeli City Hospital

Locations

Kocaeli City Hospital

Kocaeli, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

Central Contacts

Ahmet YUKSEK, Md

Role: CONTACT

mdayuksek@hotmail.com

05326580351

Facility Contacts

Ahmet YUKSEK

Role: primary

mdayuksek@hotmail.com

05326580351

Role: backup

mdayuksek@hotmail.com

References

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Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 32992329 (View on PubMed)

Eertmans W, Genbrugge C, Vander Laenen M, Boer W, Mesotten D, Dens J, Jans F, De Deyne C. The prognostic value of bispectral index and suppression ratio monitoring after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective observational study. Ann Intensive Care. 2018 Mar 2;8(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s13613-018-0380-z.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29500559 (View on PubMed)

Evered LA, Chan MTV, Han R, Chu MHM, Cheng BP, Scott DA, Pryor KO, Sessler DI, Veselis R, Frampton C, Sumner M, Ayeni A, Myles PS, Campbell D, Leslie K, Short TG. Anaesthetic depth and delirium after major surgery: a randomised clinical trial. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Nov;127(5):704-712. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.07.021. Epub 2021 Aug 28.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 34465469 (View on PubMed)

Riker RR, Fraser GL, Wilkins ML. Comparing the bispectral index and suppression ratio with burst suppression of the electroencephalogram during pentobarbital infusions in adult intensive care patients. Pharmacotherapy. 2003 Sep;23(9):1087-93. doi: 10.1592/phco.23.10.1087.32766.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 14524640 (View on PubMed)

Kreuer S, Wilhelm W, Grundmann U, Larsen R, Bruhn J. Narcotrend index versus bispectral index as electroencephalogram measures of anesthetic drug effect during propofol anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2004 Mar;98(3):692-7, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000103182.78466.ef.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 14980921 (View on PubMed)

Selig C, Riegger C, Dirks B, Pawlik M, Seyfried T, Klingler W. Bispectral index (BIS) and suppression ratio (SR) as an early predictor of unfavourable neurological outcome after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2014 Feb;85(2):221-6. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.11.008. Epub 2013 Nov 25.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 24287327 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

2023-32

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id