Effects of OEP on Rehabilitation Outcomes on TKR Patients

NCT ID: NCT06190977

Last Updated: 2025-07-08

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

44 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-01-01

Study Completion Date

2025-01-28

Brief Summary

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The aim of this research is to assess the effects of the Otago Exercise Program on Rehabilitation outcomes of balance strength and functional outcomes of post Total Knee Replacement patients. A randomized controlled trial that will include a total of 44 participants divided into two groups control and experimental. The experimental group will receive the Otago Exercise Program for four weeks, three times per week for forty to forty-five minutes. The control group will receive general TKR protocol for four weeks, three times per week for 30 minutes. Data collected will be analyzed through SPSS 25.

Detailed Description

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Total knee replacement (TKR) is one of the most effective surgical interventions for the relief of pain and functional recovery in patients with advanced osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. In this procedure, the knee joint is resurfaced with a metal or plastic implant intended to restore function, provide pain relief, and improve quality of life.

According to a study in Pakistan, a total of 14,875 people had total knee replacement in the last seven years from 2014 to 2021 with a rate of 14.8/100,000 population. In the United States, estimates of TKR incidence lie at 400,000 each year, a figure expected to grow 143% by 2050 even through conservative projections.

TKR is considered one of the most effective procedures in orthopedic surgery, but electing for it is far from straightforward: noninvasive alternatives such as weight loss, physical therapy, and NSAIDs are first exhausted. If unsuccessful, a patient will undergo a thorough examination of clinical history and comprehensive imaging of the joint to determine if a TKR is feasible, and if so, the desired implant design and size.

Despite the improvements in surgical techniques, the outcomes after TKR remain strongly influenced by the adequacy of rehabilitation and the consequent functional recovery.

Rehabilitation, with a particular emphasis on physiotherapy and exercise, is widely promoted after TKR. During the hospital stay, physiotherapy targets mobilization and achievement of functional goals relating to hospital discharge. Further post-discharge physiotherapy and exercise-based interventions promote strength and balance re-training and functional improvement. However, the provision of these services varies in content and duration.

However, it has been reported that patients with TKR do not fully recover balance and proprioception in the long-term, remaining clearly below the "abilities" of their healthy matched controls. Low balance and proprioception have been ascribed to the loss of knee receptors located in the structures such as the menisci, the cruciate ligaments, and the cartilage, which are removed for the prosthesis implant.

The Otago Exercise Program (OEP) is a home-based balance and strength training program that reduces falls and promotes muscle strength and balance in daily life.OEP is a multi-modal training method that integrates warm-up exercises (5 movements), progressive muscle strength training (5 movements), balance training (12 movements), walking sessions, and aerobic exercise. Initially, The most significant effects on fall reduction induced by the Otago program were only seen in patients who are 80 years or older but now it has shown promise in diverse rehabilitation contexts. Considering that muscle strength and balance are critical factors of TKR postoperative rehabilitation, it is plausible that postoperative OEP may provide further benefits.

This study will explore the effects of postoperative OEP on rehabilitation outcomes of balance, strength, and functional outcomes in TKR patients in regard to reducing postoperative fall occurrence and enhancing knee function. It is hypothesized that this program (OEP) would be effective with these individuals in accelerating rehabilitation and lowering the risks of falling. We constructed a 4-week intervention plan based on pre-, post and after 2nd week follow-up intervention measures of Otago exercise, and explored more effective intervention strategies of functional exercise after total knee replacement.

Conditions

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Total Knee Replacement

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Assignment
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Investigators

Study Groups

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Otago Exercise Program

Warm-up activities for 5 min head movement, neck movement, back stretching, trunk movement, and ankle movement.

strength and balance training for 30 mins Strengthening training include sitting knee extension, standing hip abduction, standing knee flexion, tiptoe and heel tiptoe Balance training include standing on one foot, walking in the shape of the number eight, walking sideways, walking backward, standing to sit position training, knee bending, toe to heel standing, heel walking, toe to heel walking, toe to heel walking, toe to heel walking, toe to heel walking backward, and climbing stairs Walking training for 10 min

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Otago Exercise Program

Intervention Type OTHER

Exercises will include Intensity: 10 repetitions of each set for the first two weeks and 15 repetitions of each set for the last two weeks, Frequency 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Time= 40-45 minutes

General TKR ptotocol

Ankle pumps Straight leg raises Heel slides Seated knee extensions Standing knee flexion Calf raises Quadriceps contraction Stationary bike

Group Type OTHER

General TKR pprotocol

Intervention Type OTHER

Exercises will include Intensity: 10 repetitions of each set, Frequency 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Time= 30 minutes

Interventions

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Otago Exercise Program

Exercises will include Intensity: 10 repetitions of each set for the first two weeks and 15 repetitions of each set for the last two weeks, Frequency 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Time= 40-45 minutes

Intervention Type OTHER

General TKR pprotocol

Exercises will include Intensity: 10 repetitions of each set, Frequency 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Time= 30 minutes

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Both genders
* Age 45 or above
* 3-6 weeks since replacement surgery
* Berge balance scale 21-40
* Patients should have received medical clearance from their surgeon or health care provider to engage in an exercise program

Exclusion Criteria

* History of recent musculoskeletal injury of lower limb
* Patients have undergone revision TKR
* Patient with moderate cognitive impairment
* Patients with unstable medical conditions or active infection
* Patient with specific contraindications to exercise as determined by their healthcare provider such as blood clots or severe osteoporosis.
Minimum Eligible Age

45 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Riphah International University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Sara Aabroo, Nmpt

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Riphah International University

Locations

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NIRM

Islamabad, Punjab Province, Pakistan

Site Status

Countries

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Pakistan

References

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Bukhari SI, Allana AR, Najjad KR, Noor SS, Chinoy A. Epidemiology of hip & knee replacement across Pakistan: Multicenter cross-sectional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2023 Nov-Dec;39(6):1557-1561. doi: 10.12669/pjms.39.6.7006.

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Tolpadi AA, Lee JJ, Pedoia V, Majumdar S. Deep Learning Predicts Total Knee Replacement from Magnetic Resonance Images. Sci Rep. 2020 Apr 14;10(1):6371. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63395-9.

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32342139 (View on PubMed)

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32810699 (View on PubMed)

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Chiu HL, Yeh TT, Lo YT, Liang PJ, Lee SC. The effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021 Aug 6;16(8):e0255780. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255780. eCollection 2021.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34358276 (View on PubMed)

Peng Y, Yi J, Zhang Y, Sha L, Jin S, Liu Y. The effectiveness of a group-based Otago exercise program on physical function, frailty and health status in older nursing home residents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs. 2023 Jan-Feb;49:30-43. doi: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.10.014. Epub 2022 Nov 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32660438 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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Farrah azeem

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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