Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
158 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2023-09-16
2024-06-03
Brief Summary
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To investigate the feasibility of SEED teacher training and the SEED Curriculum, randomized controlled trials will be conducted. A minimum of two kindergartens will be recruited to participate in the study. Half of the kindergartens, teachers, and children will receive the training and SEED curriculum, while the other half will be assigned to the waitlist control condition. Upon informed consent from the school principals and parents, parents, teachers, and children will complete pre- and post-assessments, additional follow-up assessments will be conducted in intervention group. Focus group interviews will be conducted with teachers to understand their acceptability, demand, practicality, integration, and efficacy of the teacher training at post-teacher training and delivery of the SEED curriculum for children at post-intervention. Another focus group interviews will be conducted with SEED trainers to get information about teachers' participation rate in the training session.
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Detailed Description
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In Hong Kong, the Kindergarten Education Curriculum Guide has identified affective and social development as a major objective in early childhood. Better social emotional competence is associated with preschool-aged children's lower anxiety and fewer aggressive behaviors in Hong Kong. However, the implementation of evidence-based SEL programs remains immature, with very few programs available for kindergartens and kindergarten-cum-child care settings and none being mindfulness-based. In response to fulfilling children's psychosocial needs, the Bodhi Love Foundation (BLF) has adapted the Kindness Curriculum for young children in Hong Kong. With concerted efforts of a team of qualified local mindfulness teachers and Prof. Daniel Goleman as the advisor, the curriculum was translated from English to Chinese and has been adapted for implementation in the local cultural context. The adapted Kindness Curriculum, renamed as Social, Emotional, Ethical Development Curriculum (SEED), is a two-part program involving training teachers on mindfulness and delivery of SEED to young children. As such, the curriculum may be beneficial for both teachers and children.
The project's significance is to cultivate mindfulness and loving kindness among our teachers and children so to equip them with the mindset and skills needed for self-care and promotion of mental well-being. Such well-being promotion and distress prevention approach that starts early in childhood lays a critical cornerstone for children to develop healthily, which can potentially reduce the incidence of mental illness among younger generations.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
OTHER
NONE
Study Groups
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Social, Emotional, and Ethical Development (SEED) curriculum
The kindergartens, teachers, and children will receive the training and SEED curriculum. Upon informed consent from the school principals and parents, parents, teachers, and children will complete pre-, post-, and 4-week follow-up assessments. Focus group interviews will be conducted with teachers to understand their acceptability, demand, practicality, integration, and efficacy of the teacher training at post-teacher training and delivery of the SEED curriculum for children at post-intervention. Another focus group interviews will be conducted with SEED trainers to get information about teachers' participation rate in the training session.
Social, Emotional, and Ethical Development (SEED) curriculum
In response to fulfilling children's urgent psychosocial needs, the Bodhi Love Foundation (BLF) adapted the Kindness Curriculum for young children in Hong Kong by translating it from English to Chinese and adapting its length and content for implementation in the local kindergarten context. The adapted Kindness Curriculum, renamed as Social, Emotional, and Ethical Development curriculum (SEED), is a two-part program involving teacher training and delivery of SEED. The teacher training is consist of a 12-hour mindfulness course and a 1-day (6 hours) workshop to get familiarized with the understanding and practice of mindfulness, and the details of the SEED Curriculum. The SEED Curriculum involves 8 short sessions of basic techniques in mindfulness with 10 minutes each. In addition, it has 12 mindfulness-based lessons with specific themes for children in K2 and K3. Each lesson lasts for approximately 30-40 minutes.
Waitlist control group
One kindergarten will be assigned to the waitlist control condition. Teachers in the waitlist control schools will wait for at least 12 weeks before they receive the training, and children in the waitlist control group will receive SEED curriculum after the teachers' training. Upon informed consent from the school principals and parents, parents, teachers, and children will also complete pre- and post-test assessments.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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Social, Emotional, and Ethical Development (SEED) curriculum
In response to fulfilling children's urgent psychosocial needs, the Bodhi Love Foundation (BLF) adapted the Kindness Curriculum for young children in Hong Kong by translating it from English to Chinese and adapting its length and content for implementation in the local kindergarten context. The adapted Kindness Curriculum, renamed as Social, Emotional, and Ethical Development curriculum (SEED), is a two-part program involving teacher training and delivery of SEED. The teacher training is consist of a 12-hour mindfulness course and a 1-day (6 hours) workshop to get familiarized with the understanding and practice of mindfulness, and the details of the SEED Curriculum. The SEED Curriculum involves 8 short sessions of basic techniques in mindfulness with 10 minutes each. In addition, it has 12 mindfulness-based lessons with specific themes for children in K2 and K3. Each lesson lasts for approximately 30-40 minutes.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* For parents: aged 18 years old or above, understand Cantonese
* For teachers: aged 18 years old or above, understand Cantonese, currently working at a kindergarten
Exclusion Criteria
3 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
UNKNOWN
Chinese University of Hong Kong
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Winnie W.S. MAK
Professor
Principal Investigators
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Winnie WS Mak
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Rebecca YM Cheung
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
Locations
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Dept of Psychology, CUHK
Hong Kong, , Hong Kong
Countries
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References
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Blewitt C, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Nolan A, Bergmeier H, Vicary D, Huang T, McCabe P, McKay T, Skouteris H. Social and Emotional Learning Associated With Universal Curriculum-Based Interventions in Early Childhood Education and Care Centers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2018 Dec 7;1(8):e185727. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5727.
Bornstein MH, Hahn CS, Haynes OM. Social competence, externalizing, and internalizing behavioral adjustment from early childhood through early adolescence: developmental cascades. Dev Psychopathol. 2010 Nov;22(4):717-35. doi: 10.1017/S0954579410000416.
Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL). (2021). CASEL's SEL Framework. https://casel.org/casel-sel-framework-11-2020/
Curriculum Development Council, Education Bureau, Hong Kong SAR. (2017). Kindergarten education curriculum guide: Joyful learning through play balanced development all the way. https://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/en/curriculum-development/major-level-of-edu/preprimary/ENG_KGECG_2017.pdf
Dunning D, Tudor K, Radley L, Dalrymple N, Funk J, Vainre M, Ford T, Montero-Marin J, Kuyken W, Dalgleish T. Do mindfulness-based programmes improve the cognitive skills, behaviour and mental health of children and adolescents? An updated meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Evid Based Ment Health. 2022 Jul 12;25(3):135-42. doi: 10.1136/ebmental-2022-300464. Online ahead of print.
Flook L, Goldberg SB, Pinger L, Bonus K, Davidson RJ. Mindfulness for teachers: A pilot study to assess effects on stress, burnout and teaching efficacy. Mind Brain Educ. 2013 Sep;7(3):10.1111/mbe.12026. doi: 10.1111/mbe.12026.
Flook L, Goldberg SB, Pinger L, Davidson RJ. Promoting prosocial behavior and self-regulatory skills in preschool children through a mindfulness-based Kindness Curriculum. Dev Psychol. 2015 Jan;51(1):44-51. doi: 10.1037/a0038256. Epub 2014 Nov 10.
Heckman, J. J. (2011). The economics of inequality: The value of early childhood education. American Educator, 35(1), 31.
Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union. (2018, September 2). Teachers' Stress Survey. Retrieved February 15, 2023. https://hkps-dcp.org.hk/images/ourworks/TeacherStressSurveyPressRelease20180902.pdf
Kim, S., Crooks, C. V., Bax, K., & Shokoohi, M. (2021). Impact of trauma-informed training and mindfulness-based social-emotional learning program on teacher attitudes and burnout: A mixed-methods study. School mental health, 13(1), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-020-09406-6
Lam, L. T., & Wong, E. M. (2017). Enhancing social-emotional well-being in young children through improving teachers' social-emotional competence and curriculum design in Hong Kong. International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy, 11(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40723-017-0031-0
Roeser, R. W., Skinner, E., Beers, J., & Jennings, P. A. (2012). Mindfulness training and teachers' professional development: An emerging area of research and practice. Child development perspectives, 6(2), 167-173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2012.00238.x
Unicef. (2021, October 15). State of the world's children, caring for children's mental health. Retrieved February 15, 2023. https://webuat.unicef.org.hk/en/news/latest_news/state-of-the-worlds-children-caring-for-childrens-mental-health/
World Health Organization. (2018). United Nations Children's Fund, World Bank Group. Nurturing care for early childhood development: a framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272603/9789241514064-eng.pdf
Other Identifiers
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SBRE-22-0785A
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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