Learning and Decision-making

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

150 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-03-01

Study Completion Date

2023-08-16

Brief Summary

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A fundamental aspect of daily life decision-making involves the evaluation of costs and benefits. Neural systems underlying cost-benefit evaluation have been extensively examined, but the specific role of different neurotransmitters remains unclear. Numerous studies suggest that both dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are closely related to reinforcement learning, guided exploration/exploitation, and behavioural energisation, although no studies to date have investigated the distinct role of DA and NE on cost-benefit decision-making and learning in human subjects.

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Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Motivation

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Investigators

double-blind (randomised) between-subjects design

Study Groups

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HV/Placebo

Oral placebo (tablet)

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

placebo

Intervention Type DRUG

oral formulation

HV/Haloperidol

2mg (oral)

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

haloperidol 2mg

Intervention Type DRUG

oral formulation

HV/Propranolol

40mg (oral)

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

propranolol 40mg

Intervention Type DRUG

oral formulation

Interventions

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placebo

oral formulation

Intervention Type DRUG

haloperidol 2mg

oral formulation

Intervention Type DRUG

propranolol 40mg

oral formulation

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Willingness to sign an informed consent
* Age between 18 and 35
* Body-Mass Index (BMI) between 17.5-30
* Availability for participation through the duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria

* Diagnosis of a psychiatric or neurological disorder, including substance abuse or dependence (yes/no self-report - lifetime)
* Use of any psychopharmacological treatment 3 weeks before the test day (yes/no self-report)
* Use of any blood pressure medication (yes/no self-report - lifetime)
* Pregnancy (confirmed via urine pregnancy test) or nursing (yes/no self-report) or have plans to get pregnant in the near future (yes/no self-report) (females only)
* Diagnosis of a cardiac disease (medical questionnaire), obstructive respiratory disease (medical questionnaire), abnormal blood pressure (diastolic\< 60mmHg; systolic\< 90mmHg) (medical screening)
* Chronic renal failure (medical questionnaire)
* Hypothyroidism (medical questionnaire)
* Diabetes (medical questionnaire)
* Hypersensitivity to phenothiazines (medical questionnaire)
* Diagnosis of a cardiac disease (medical questionnaire)
* Alcohol consumption in the 24 hours before the test session starts (yes/no self-report)
* Food intake less than 3 hours before the test day (yes/no self-report)

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

35 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes