Study Results
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Basic Information
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RECRUITING
550 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2015-04-09
2026-12-24
Brief Summary
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A new concept is investigated for this purpose: a "dual-task-test", which implies the combination of a well-established mobility test (Timed Up-and-Go, TUG) with a simultaneous verbal task (i.e. TUG dual-task, TUGdt). This type of test has been judged as a potential aid for early identification of dementia disease. More research is needed to further examine the test's validity, reliability and predictive capacity.
The overall aim is to investigate if TUGdt is useful as an aid for prediction of dementia disease. To ensure the results, the aim is also to evaluate the test's measurement properties and to generate normative reference values of healthy control persons.
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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COHORT
PROSPECTIVE
Study Groups
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Patients undergoing memory assessments
Patients undergoing memory assessments at two specialist memory clinics (Uppsala University Hospital in Uppsala and Falu Hospital in Falun). This group includes patients with dementia, mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive impairment.
Timed Up-and-Go (TUG single-task)
The TUG test is a well-established clinical test of one mobility sequence: rising from an armchair, walking straight ahead, passing a line marked on the floor, turning around, walking back, and sitting down again.
Timed Up-and-Go dual-task (TUGdt)
Two dual-task tests including TUG (TUGdt) were carried out: TUGdt naming animals and TUGdt months backwards. The outcomes registered were: time scores for TUG single-task and both TUGdt tests, TUGdt costs (relative time difference between TUG single-task and TUGdt), number of different animals named, number of months recited in correct order, number of animals per 10 s, and number of months per 10 s.
Clinical functional assessment
The diagnostic procedure was part of the clinical routine for patients undergoing memory assessment and involved a geriatrician's careful evaluation of the patient's history and cognitive testing including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test, Verbal Fluency Test, and Trail Making Test A and B. In addition, all participants carried out short versions of the Geriatric Depression Scale and the General Motor Function Assessment Scale, as well as static balance according to the Bohannon Method, and hand grip strength using a dynamometer.
Cognitively unimpaired community dwelling people
Age matched cognitively unimpaired community dwelling people recruited via advertisements.
Timed Up-and-Go (TUG single-task)
The TUG test is a well-established clinical test of one mobility sequence: rising from an armchair, walking straight ahead, passing a line marked on the floor, turning around, walking back, and sitting down again.
Timed Up-and-Go dual-task (TUGdt)
Two dual-task tests including TUG (TUGdt) were carried out: TUGdt naming animals and TUGdt months backwards. The outcomes registered were: time scores for TUG single-task and both TUGdt tests, TUGdt costs (relative time difference between TUG single-task and TUGdt), number of different animals named, number of months recited in correct order, number of animals per 10 s, and number of months per 10 s.
Clinical functional assessment
The diagnostic procedure was part of the clinical routine for patients undergoing memory assessment and involved a geriatrician's careful evaluation of the patient's history and cognitive testing including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test, Verbal Fluency Test, and Trail Making Test A and B. In addition, all participants carried out short versions of the Geriatric Depression Scale and the General Motor Function Assessment Scale, as well as static balance according to the Bohannon Method, and hand grip strength using a dynamometer.
Cognitively unimpaired community dwelling people recruited for test-retest reliability analysis
Cognitively unimpaired individuals who agreed to participate in a retesting session.
Timed Up-and-Go (TUG single-task)
The TUG test is a well-established clinical test of one mobility sequence: rising from an armchair, walking straight ahead, passing a line marked on the floor, turning around, walking back, and sitting down again.
Timed Up-and-Go dual-task (TUGdt)
Two dual-task tests including TUG (TUGdt) were carried out: TUGdt naming animals and TUGdt months backwards. The outcomes registered were: time scores for TUG single-task and both TUGdt tests, TUGdt costs (relative time difference between TUG single-task and TUGdt), number of different animals named, number of months recited in correct order, number of animals per 10 s, and number of months per 10 s.
Clinical functional assessment
The diagnostic procedure was part of the clinical routine for patients undergoing memory assessment and involved a geriatrician's careful evaluation of the patient's history and cognitive testing including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test, Verbal Fluency Test, and Trail Making Test A and B. In addition, all participants carried out short versions of the Geriatric Depression Scale and the General Motor Function Assessment Scale, as well as static balance according to the Bohannon Method, and hand grip strength using a dynamometer.
Persons with cognitive impairment recruited for test-retest reliability analysis
Patients undergoing memory assessment at Uppsala University Hospital who agreed to participate in a retesting session and community dwelling older persons with self-reported subjective or mild cognitive impairment. This group includes patients with dementia, mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive impairment.
Timed Up-and-Go (TUG single-task)
The TUG test is a well-established clinical test of one mobility sequence: rising from an armchair, walking straight ahead, passing a line marked on the floor, turning around, walking back, and sitting down again.
Timed Up-and-Go dual-task (TUGdt)
Two dual-task tests including TUG (TUGdt) were carried out: TUGdt naming animals and TUGdt months backwards. The outcomes registered were: time scores for TUG single-task and both TUGdt tests, TUGdt costs (relative time difference between TUG single-task and TUGdt), number of different animals named, number of months recited in correct order, number of animals per 10 s, and number of months per 10 s.
Clinical functional assessment
The diagnostic procedure was part of the clinical routine for patients undergoing memory assessment and involved a geriatrician's careful evaluation of the patient's history and cognitive testing including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test, Verbal Fluency Test, and Trail Making Test A and B. In addition, all participants carried out short versions of the Geriatric Depression Scale and the General Motor Function Assessment Scale, as well as static balance according to the Bohannon Method, and hand grip strength using a dynamometer.
Interventions
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Timed Up-and-Go (TUG single-task)
The TUG test is a well-established clinical test of one mobility sequence: rising from an armchair, walking straight ahead, passing a line marked on the floor, turning around, walking back, and sitting down again.
Timed Up-and-Go dual-task (TUGdt)
Two dual-task tests including TUG (TUGdt) were carried out: TUGdt naming animals and TUGdt months backwards. The outcomes registered were: time scores for TUG single-task and both TUGdt tests, TUGdt costs (relative time difference between TUG single-task and TUGdt), number of different animals named, number of months recited in correct order, number of animals per 10 s, and number of months per 10 s.
Clinical functional assessment
The diagnostic procedure was part of the clinical routine for patients undergoing memory assessment and involved a geriatrician's careful evaluation of the patient's history and cognitive testing including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test, Verbal Fluency Test, and Trail Making Test A and B. In addition, all participants carried out short versions of the Geriatric Depression Scale and the General Motor Function Assessment Scale, as well as static balance according to the Bohannon Method, and hand grip strength using a dynamometer.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Patients undergoing memory assessment at at Falu Hospital, Sweden
* Cognitively unimpaired individuals with a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of \> 26
Exclusion Criteria
* Inability to rise from a sitting position
* Indoor use of a walking aid
* Current or recent hospitalization (within the last 2 weeks)
* Need of an interpreter to communicate in Swedish
37 Years
94 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Uppsala University
OTHER
The Swedish Research Council
OTHER_GOV
Dalarna University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Prof. Anna Cristina Åberg
Professor
Principal Investigators
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Anna Cristina Åberg, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Dalarna University
Locations
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Dalarna University
Falun, Dalarna County, Sweden
Uppsala University
Uppsala, Uppsala County, Sweden
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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References
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Ahman HB, Giedraitis V, Cedervall Y, Lennhed B, Berglund L, McKee K, Kilander L, Rosendahl E, Ingelsson M, Aberg AC. Dual-Task Performance and Neurodegeneration: Correlations Between Timed Up-and-Go Dual-Task Test Outcomes and Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;71(s1):S75-S83. doi: 10.3233/JAD-181265.
Cedervall Y, Stenberg AM, Ahman HB, Giedraitis V, Tinmark F, Berglund L, Halvorsen K, Ingelsson M, Rosendahl E, Aberg AC. Timed Up-and-Go Dual-Task Testing in the Assessment of Cognitive Function: A Mixed Methods Observational Study for Development of the UDDGait Protocol. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 5;17(5):1715. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051715.
Ahman HB, Cedervall Y, Kilander L, Giedraitis V, Berglund L, McKee KJ, Rosendahl E, Ingelsson M, Aberg AC. Dual-task tests discriminate between dementia, mild cognitive impairment, subjective cognitive impairment, and healthy controls - a cross-sectional cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2020 Jul 29;20(1):258. doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01645-1.
B Ahman H, Berglund L, Cedervall Y, Kilander L, Giedraitis V, J McKee K, Ingelsson M, Rosendahl E, Aberg AC. Dual-Task Tests Predict Conversion to Dementia-A Prospective Memory-Clinic-Based Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 3;17(21):8129. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218129.
Lofgren N, Berglund L, Giedraitis V, Halvorsen K, Rosendahl E, McKee KJ, Aberg AC. Extracted step parameters during the timed up and go test discriminate between groups with different levels of cognitive ability-a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2025 Mar 17;25(1):182. doi: 10.1186/s12877-025-05828-6.
Aberg AC, Petersson JR, Giedraitis V, McKee KJ, Rosendahl E, Halvorsen K, Berglund L. Prediction of conversion to dementia disorders based on timed up and go dual-task test verbal and motor outcomes: a five-year prospective memory-clinic-based study. BMC Geriatr. 2023 Sep 2;23(1):535. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04262-w.
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan
Related Links
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Other Identifiers
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PUBCARE2016_122
Identifier Type: OTHER
Identifier Source: secondary_id
HDA2021-00022
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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