Therapeutic Melodies: How Classical Turkish Music Soothes Stress and Eases Loneliness

NCT ID: NCT05859893

Last Updated: 2023-05-16

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 70 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2020-06-03
• Study Completion Date: 2021-09-15

Brief Summary

This study investigated the impact of traditional classical Turkish music as a telehealth intervention on reducing stress and loneliness among elderly individuals.

Detailed Description

The study was conducted at one of the Third Age University as a single-blind randomized and control-group experimental study. Elders were randomized into two main groups according to whether they lived alone or with someone. Interactive livestream musical interventions were performed for four weeks, in total eight sessions. The data of the study were collected three times with the Perceived Stress Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale III in a pretest-posttest-follow-up test design (12th week after the posttest). Significance of difference tests, repeated variance analyses, and strength of influence tests were performed in dependent and independent groups with and without normal distribution.

The online-tool randomization method was utilized to apply simple randomization. Upon identifying the sample, it was initially segregated into two categories: individuals who resided alone and those who did not. The grouping of participants was carried out using an assignment method through a computer program, ensuring equivalence among research groups in terms of gender, stress, and loneliness. Following randomization, conformity of the groups' homogeneity and scales scores to normal distribution were examined with the Shapiro-Wilk test, skewness and kurtosis coefficients, histograms, and Levene's test of homogeneity of variance (p<0,05)

The study aimed to investigate the short and long-term effects of eight sessions of interactive livestreamed classic Turkish music performances on stress and loneliness during Covid-19 pandemic in elderly aged 65 and over who experiencing home isolation. The research hypotheses are as follows:

Perceived stress:

Hypothesis I, H1: Interactive livestream classical Turkish music sessions have a reducing effect on the mean scores of the Perceived Stress Scale.

i. There is a significant difference in the mean scores of the Perceived Stress Scale among intervention groups over time (pre-test, post-test, follow-up).

ii. There is a significant difference in the mean scores of the Perceived Stress Scale between intervention and control groups after the intervention in favor of the intervention group.

Loneliness:

Hypothesis II, H1: Interactive livestream classical Turkish music sessions have a reducing effect on the mean scores of the UCLA Loneliness Scale - III.

i. There is a significant difference in the mean scores of the UCLA Loneliness Scale - III among intervention groups over time (pre-test, post-test, follow-up).

ii. There is a significant difference in the mean scores of the UCLA Loneliness Scale - III between intervention and control groups after the intervention in favor of the intervention group.

For repeated measurements of score averages at different times within the same group, the homogeneity of variances was tested using the Levene Variance Homogeneity Assumption and Mauchly's Sphericity Assumption within the scope of Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance. When homogeneity could not be demonstrated, the Greenhouse-Geisser F value was used. For the control group with two-time measurements, the parametric repeated t-Test (Paired Samples t-Test) was used, assuming normal distribution.

To examine the significance of the difference in independent groups (intervention - control / intergroup) for repeated measurements at different times in assessing the effect size of the intervention, two-way repeated measures ANOVA (factorial ANOVA) was used. Since Mauchly's Sphericity Assumption was not met, the Greenhouse-Geisser F value was used, although the distribution was normal.

In the study, where the statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05, effect size evaluations were made to test the statistical significance and confirm the practical applicability (in real conditions) of the findings. The effect size of the intervention was examined using partial eta squared (ηp2).

The data collection process was conducted thrice as pretest, posttest, and follow-up. The posttest was performed immediately after the completion of the 4-week intervention, whereas the follow-up measurements were obtained 12 weeks later. To apprise the volunteers about their respective groups and elucidate the application procedure, mobile appointments and virtual meetings were arranged.

Conditions

Stress; Loneliness; COVID-19 Pandemic; Elderly

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: FACTORIAL
• Primary Study Purpose: SUPPORTIVE_CARE
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

No Intervention: Control

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Intervention

Behavioral: Interactive livestreamed classical Turkish music sessions with a professional music band.

The sessions, which lasted approximately one and a half hours, twice a week, have been completed within one month.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Classical Turkish Music Sessions

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

The participants attended an interactive livestreamed music performance. In selecting the mode, tempo, and songs to be performed, recommendations were obtained from the Applied Music Therapies Association, and the pieces with copyrighted recordings presented by the Edirne State Turkish Music Ensemble, under the leadership of the General Directorate of Fine Arts of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. As part of the project, examples of traditional Turkish songs were presented to the elderly. The recommended genres and songs consist of vocal and instrumental works belonging to major and minor scales from the Classical Period, which spans from the 14th to the 20th century. In this respect an assembly of eight-musican consisting of five artists playing kanun, tanbur, ney, classical kemençe, and bendir, as well as two vocal soloists performed.

Interventions

Classical Turkish Music Sessions

The participants attended an interactive livestreamed music performance. In selecting the mode, tempo, and songs to be performed, recommendations were obtained from the Applied Music Therapies Association, and the pieces with copyrighted recordings presented by the Edirne State Turkish Music Ensemble, under the leadership of the General Directorate of Fine Arts of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. As part of the project, examples of traditional Turkish songs were presented to the elderly. The recommended genres and songs consist of vocal and instrumental works belonging to major and minor scales from the Classical Period, which spans from the 14th to the 20th century. In this respect an assembly of eight-musican consisting of five artists playing kanun, tanbur, ney, classical kemençe, and bendir, as well as two vocal soloists performed.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Registered for and attending their first years of lectures
• Aged higher than 65 year
• Able to use an interactive social media application via a computer, mobile phone or other electronic devices
• Participate willingly and voluntarily in the research.

Exclusion Criteria

• Have a physical or sensory impairment that would affect the ability to listen to music (e.g., history of temporal brain damage, limb loss, hearing loss, etc.),
• Have a psychiatric diagnosis that would affect decision-making and orientation assessment abilities

• Minimum Eligible Age: 65 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Ege University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Gizem Beycan Ekitli, PhD.

Faculty member, lecturer, research associate

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

Ege University Faculty of Nursing

Izmır, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

Other Identifiers

EgeTrial3

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id