Effect and Safety of Listening to Music for Chronic Pain Relief

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

70 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-05-18

Study Completion Date

2025-05-31

Brief Summary

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Chronic pain is a multidimensional pathological condition that reduces patients' quality of life and interferes with their daily family and work activities.

Opioids are the most powerful analgesics in the treatment of pain. They are used as a basic analgesic treatment for managing patients with chronic pain and as an analgesic treatment for managing breakthrough pain.

Chronic administration of opioids can cause significant side effects (e.g., dependence, constipation) and tolerance to their analgesic effects, limiting their use. Different behavioral therapies (e.g., mindfulness and cognitive therapy) have been proposed to potentiate the analgesic effects of opioids and, consequently, reduce the dose and the appearance of adverse effects. One of the proposed approaches consists of listening to music therapeutically as a cognitive tool that modulates attention and regulates mood. Some studies provide evidence that music can reduce opioid requirements in patients with chronic pain. On the other hand, both opioids and music activate brain circuits for reward, reinforcement, and motivation.

Preliminary results obtained by our research group in animal models suggest that listening to music can reduce the appearance of a withdrawal syndrome after chronic administration of opioids.

Our working hypothesis is that multimodal therapy, based on listening to music as an adjuvant treatment to regular analgesic treatment with opioids, reduces pain intensity and its harmful effects in patients diagnosed with chronic non-cancer pain. Hence, the daily amount of opioids taken will be reduced, as well as the likelihood of developing opioid tolerance, dependence, and other opioid-related adverse events. At the same time, these patients' emotional well-being and quality of life will improve.

This is a parallel-group, open-label, single-center randomized, pilot, controlled clinical trial that aims to evaluate the effect and safety of music as a coadjuvant treatment for chronic non-cancer pain.

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Detailed Description

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Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is defined as pain lasting from three to six months or persisting for longer than expected for tissue healing or underlying disease resolution \[López, 2014\]. Other authors define it as pain lasting for more than three months, continuously or intermittently, present more than five days a week, with moderate or high intensity on the visual analog scale (VAS), and/or impairing one's functional capacity \[Guerra de Hoyos, 2014\].

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 20% of the world population suffers from chronic pain to some degree \[Turk, 2011\]. Moreover, CNCP impacts patients' quality of life substantially, affecting physical and psychosocial dimensions and interfering with daily-life activities. It also poses a heavy burden on health and social security services by increasing healthcare and economic aid demand for lost days at work \[Breivik, 2013; Zimmer, 2021; Hopkins, 2022\].

The main objective of the treatment is to maintain physical and mental functionality while improving quality of life. This may require a multimodal approach, including, in addition to medication, other interventions such as psychological therapy, active physiotherapy, movement therapy, or percutaneous electrostimulation, among others \[Turk; 2011\]. However, opioid use has been on the rise in the last few years, and its use is not free from adverse events.

Our working hypothesis is that a multimodal therapy, based on listening to music as a coadjuvant treatment to maintenance analgesic treatment with opioids, reduces pain intensity in patients diagnosed with CNCP. As a result, the daily amount of opioids taken will be reduced, as well as the likelihood of developing opioid tolerance, dependence, and other opioid-related adverse events. At the same time, these patients' emotional well-being and quality of life will improve.

Conditions

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Chronic Pain

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

All included patients must be under regular (maintenance) opioid treatment for at least one month before randomization. Included patients will be randomized (1:1) either to the control (audiobooks) or to the experimental (music) group.

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Music Group

Patients randomized to this group will listen daily to a musical playlist for 30 - 60 minutes in a row through a mobile device. This will be performed in addition to the opioid treatment.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Music

Intervention Type OTHER

Patients will listen daily to a musical playlist for 30 - 60 minutes in a row; the psychologist will set up a music playlist according to the patient's individual interests. Patients will be asked to focus on this activity, that is, without performing any other activity simultaneously.

Audiobooks Group

Patients randomized to this group will listen to an audiobook daily for 30 - 60 minutes in a row through a mobile device. This will be performed in addition to the opioid treatment.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Audiobook

Intervention Type OTHER

Patients will listen daily to an audiobook for 30 - 60 minutes in a row; the psychologist will set up a list of audiobooks according to the patient's individual interests. Patients will be asked to focus on this activity, that is, without performing any other activity simultaneously.

Interventions

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Music

Patients will listen daily to a musical playlist for 30 - 60 minutes in a row; the psychologist will set up a music playlist according to the patient's individual interests. Patients will be asked to focus on this activity, that is, without performing any other activity simultaneously.

Intervention Type OTHER

Audiobook

Patients will listen daily to an audiobook for 30 - 60 minutes in a row; the psychologist will set up a list of audiobooks according to the patient's individual interests. Patients will be asked to focus on this activity, that is, without performing any other activity simultaneously.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients with ≥18 years of age.
* Diagnosed with Chronic Non-Oncological Pain.
* Under regular (maintenance) opioid treatment for at least one month.
* Patients who sign the written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

* Pregnant or lactating women.
* History of an organic brain disorder or substance abuse/dependence.
* History of Psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, and/or intellectual disability.
* Patients at risk of opioid addiction.
* Patients that the Pain Clinic physician or psychologist believe will not comply with the study treatment/procedures.

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No