Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.
Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
NA
Total Enrollment
60 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2015-11-01
Study Completion Date
2017-12-27
Brief Summary
Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.
Background: Reducing the perception of labour pain is important to reduce the negative consequences of labour pain and to increase women's satisfaction with the birth experience. Two-dimensional (2D) images (Stereogram) that create the three-dimensional (3D) perception in the mind may be effective in reducing the perception of labour pain.
Objectives: This study is conducted for purpose of determining the effect of focus on the birth-specific stereogram cards (BSSC), on perception of labour pain.
Methods: This research is an experimental prospective randomized controlled clinical study. The research was conducted at the delivery room of a state hospital in Istanbul. Pregnant women, who agreed to participate in the study and met the study criteria, were included in the study, as 30 ones were in the experimental group (BSSC group) and 30 ones were in the control group. The Pregnancy Data Form, State Anxiety Scale, BSSC, • PRS Review Comments Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Postpartum Data Form were used as data collection tools. The BSSC in birth are designed by researchers and are created using the stereogram creator program. BSSC's 10 cards set with different patterns and silhouettes on the background. The analyses were performed, using SPSS software version 20.
KEY WORDS: Birth, Labour pain, Birth-specific stereogram cards, Stereogram card, Focus on birth.
Objectives: This study is conducted for purpose of determining the effect of focus on the birth-specific stereogram cards (BSSC), on perception of labour pain.
Methods: This research is an experimental prospective randomized controlled clinical study. The research was conducted at the delivery room of a state hospital in Istanbul. Pregnant women, who agreed to participate in the study and met the study criteria, were included in the study, as 30 ones were in the experimental group (BSSC group) and 30 ones were in the control group. The Pregnancy Data Form, State Anxiety Scale, BSSC, • PRS Review Comments Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Postpartum Data Form were used as data collection tools. The BSSC in birth are designed by researchers and are created using the stereogram creator program. BSSC's 10 cards set with different patterns and silhouettes on the background. The analyses were performed, using SPSS software version 20.
KEY WORDS: Birth, Labour pain, Birth-specific stereogram cards, Stereogram card, Focus on birth.
Related Clinical Trials
Explore similar clinical trials based on study characteristics and research focus.
Heat Application to the Sacral Region and Pain Level During the First Stage of Labor
NCT06297031
Heat Exposure
Labor Pain
Apgar Score
+1 more
COMPLETED
NA
Supportive Care During Childbirth and Well-being
NCT05333653
Psychological Well-being
Childbirth
Care Pattern, Maternal
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Foot Reflexology Massage on the Perception of Labor Pain in Nulliparous Pregnant Women
NCT07045675
Massage
Labor Pain
Foot Massage
+1 more
ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
The Relationship Between Psychosocial Factors Affecting Pain Perception and Physical Activity Level in Pregnant Women With Lumbopelvic Pain
NCT05418738
Investigate the Relationship Between the Psychosocial Factors Affecting Pain Perception and Physical Activity Levels in Pregnant Women With Lumbopelvic Pain
COMPLETED
The Effect of Couples' Participation in Childbirth Preparation Education on Pregnant Women's Perceived Spousal Support, Fear of Childbirth, and Self-Efficacy
NCT07123623
The Effect of Couples' Participation in Childbirth Preparation Education on Pregnant Women's Perceived Spousal Support, Fear of Childbirth, and Self-Efficacy
RECRUITING
Detailed Description
Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.
Introduction Labour pain is not only sensory, but a multifaceted subjective phenomenon having emotional, motivational and cognitive dimensions .The American Academy of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) and the Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) report that labour pain should be remedied by a therapy due to the maternal and fetal effects of the severe labour pain. In the management of labour pain, non-pharmacological approaches are aiming to increase maternal satisfaction, control feeling in birth and sufficiency sense, and to reduce obstetric interventions. Distraction and cognitive strategies are used to prevent the transmission of painful stimuli information to the central nervous system. In painful situations, pain transmission is prevented by distracting the attention from pain ensuring focus stimuli other pain in transmission by focusing on stimuli outside the pain.
Distraction during delivery includes the process of removing a woman's attention from the pain of birth by means of any external stimuli. Especially, determination of a focal spot enables to maintain the concentration. Images can be the focus of any object. It is seen that the "plippets" cards known as the "distraction cards" and virtual realityare used in reducing the perceived pain level. However, there was no study showing the effect of "focus and distraction" on the perceived labour pain. The stereoscopic vision technique discovered by Charles Wheatstone in 1838 is also based on focus. Stereogram is the general name of two-dimensional (2D) images that create three-dimensional (3D) perception in the mind. A person can focus the lenses on the stereograms of the lenses, zoom the eyeballs to a distant point located behind the stereogram image and thus trick the brain and allow the brain view the 3D images.The stereograms known as "squint at and be surprised" in Turkey in the 90s were popular in the "magic eye" series especially in the USA .
There are different methods to view the targeted three-dimensional image in the stereogram. Some people may see the images simply in a stereogram, while others have to educate their eyes to separate the eye convergence resulting from the focus of the lens. One of the methods that may be used is to hold the image against face so that the nose contacts with the image. Most people cannot focus on the image, while the image is too close to their eyes. If the person moves the image away from his/her face slowly, the brain will focus on pairs of patterns that correspond to the degree of convergence of the two eyeballs at one point. Another method is to look constantly at an object behind the image to obtain the suitable degree of convergence while keeping the field of view constant on the image for purpose of convincing the brain to focus on the image. In a modified method, the person constantly looks at his/her own reflection on the bright surface. Thus, it shall be ensured that the brain achieves the necessary degree of convergence when focus on the near field, and that the three-dimensional image behind the pattern is visible.
On the basis of the stereoscopic vision technique, it is thought that focusing on the stereogram cards specially prepared for birth can also be effective in reducing the labour pain perception. In this study, researchers aim to determine the effect of focusing on birth-specific stereogram cards(BSSC) on labour pain perception.
Methods Study design This research is an experimental prospective randomized controlled clinical study.
Sample and Setting The research was conducted at the delivery room of a state hospital in Istanbul. In the delivery room where the work was conducted, 528 nulliparous women gave the vaginal birth. At the time of the research the standard midwifery care provided in the hospital during birth.
60 pregnant women, who agreed to participate in the study and met the study criteria, were included in the study, as 30 ones were in the test group (BSSC group) and 30 ones were in the control group. Power analysis is performed in the PASS program to determine the number of samples of the study.
According to previous studies, it is assumed that the difference between the level of pain between the experimental (BSSC) group and the control group is 5 after the intervention and the standard deviation of the control and the experimental group at the first measurement is 2. It is determined that, when the significance level α = 0.05 is taken as the power of 1-β = 0.99, the sample size is 30 for the control group and 30 for the experimental group. The research findings are limited to the research sample, can not be generalized.
İnterventions The pregnant women, who agreed the study, were included in randomization. All applicant is given a barcode number in the polyclinic. This barcode number was used for randomization. Single numbers were included in the experimental group, double in the numbers control group. The participants in the BSSC group were given a practical training on the focus technique on stereogram cards for one hour in the prenatal final trimester. The participants in the BSSC group were admitted to the delivery room when the birth process started. It was ensured that the participants in the BSSC group were focus on contractions in the latent phase, active phase and the transition phase by BSSC throughout. The participants in the BSSC group were admitted a pain assessment via VAS every two hours before and after the focus in parallel with clinical routine practice. A VAS was administered to the delivery room in the first admission and every two hours after birth without any interference to the participant in the control group. The state anxiety scale was assessed to both groups when cervical dilatation was 3-4 cm in the latent phase and cervical dilatation was 8-9 cm in the transition phase. Postpartum fatigue level and satisfaction of participants from birth were applied to both groups at the 2nd hour postpartum.
Data Collection The Pregnancy Data Form, State Anxiety Scale, BSSC, VAS, Postpartum Data Form were used as data collection tools.
The Pregnancy Data Form was prepared based on the literature. It consists of questions about the socio-demographic characteristics, medical and obstetric characteristics of the pregnant wo man, information and thoughts about the current pregnancy and birth.
Intrapartum Process Data Form includes about Gestational week, date and time of birth pain, drugs and applications in the first stage of labour, table before and after the application of stereogram card (cervical dilatation and wiping, level of head and condition of membranes, severity and frequency of contractions, fetal heart rate ( FKA), the mother's vital signs and behaviors during labour), the time when the second stage begins, the end time, the total duration of labour.
State Anxiety Scale was used to measure the level of anxiety experienced by pregnant women in both groups in the first stage of labour. According to the severity of the individual's emotions or behaviors in the situation he / she is experiencing, (1) None, (2) Some, (3) Many and (4) Completely requires to answer by marking one of the options. The state anxiety scale consists of 20 statements. The score obtained from the scale can vary between 20 and 80. The larger the score, the higher the anxiety level, the smaller the lower the level of anxiety.
VAS is a scale used to measure perceived pain. It was used in the studies to evaluate the perceived birth pain. It was found to be valid and reliable. In the form of a 0-10cm ruler, one end of the scale indicates 0 painlessness and the other 10 indicates the most severe degree of pain intensity.
Postpartum evaluation data form was prepared to evaluate the birth process for the participants of BSSC group and control group. At the end of the 2nd hour, the pregnant woman's thoughts about this birth, her thoughts about the labour pain, how she felt at the end of the birth and her satisfaction with the practices performed during the labour are included.
Design of BSSC The structure of the stereograms consists of two images. One of them is a depth map and the other is a texture map. These two visual elements are combined with specially designed computer software. Birth-specific stereogram cards (BSSC) in birth are designed by researchers and are created using the stereogram creator program. In the BSSC design, it was used as a tissue image to attract the attention of the mothers, and the pregnant, father, baby silhouettes were used as oxytocic pictures. These three-dimensional visual images were revised and finalized in the pilot study. BSSC is designed as a set with images to facilitate the use of the mothers. BSSC's 10 cards set with different patterns and silhouettes on the background.
Ethical Considerations Pregnant Women have given their written informed consent. The study protocol has been approved by the ethical committee of the Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Study No: 569 on the 27th October 2015.
Data Analysis The analysis were performed, using SPSS software version 20 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences Inc, IL, USA).
Distraction during delivery includes the process of removing a woman's attention from the pain of birth by means of any external stimuli. Especially, determination of a focal spot enables to maintain the concentration. Images can be the focus of any object. It is seen that the "plippets" cards known as the "distraction cards" and virtual realityare used in reducing the perceived pain level. However, there was no study showing the effect of "focus and distraction" on the perceived labour pain. The stereoscopic vision technique discovered by Charles Wheatstone in 1838 is also based on focus. Stereogram is the general name of two-dimensional (2D) images that create three-dimensional (3D) perception in the mind. A person can focus the lenses on the stereograms of the lenses, zoom the eyeballs to a distant point located behind the stereogram image and thus trick the brain and allow the brain view the 3D images.The stereograms known as "squint at and be surprised" in Turkey in the 90s were popular in the "magic eye" series especially in the USA .
There are different methods to view the targeted three-dimensional image in the stereogram. Some people may see the images simply in a stereogram, while others have to educate their eyes to separate the eye convergence resulting from the focus of the lens. One of the methods that may be used is to hold the image against face so that the nose contacts with the image. Most people cannot focus on the image, while the image is too close to their eyes. If the person moves the image away from his/her face slowly, the brain will focus on pairs of patterns that correspond to the degree of convergence of the two eyeballs at one point. Another method is to look constantly at an object behind the image to obtain the suitable degree of convergence while keeping the field of view constant on the image for purpose of convincing the brain to focus on the image. In a modified method, the person constantly looks at his/her own reflection on the bright surface. Thus, it shall be ensured that the brain achieves the necessary degree of convergence when focus on the near field, and that the three-dimensional image behind the pattern is visible.
On the basis of the stereoscopic vision technique, it is thought that focusing on the stereogram cards specially prepared for birth can also be effective in reducing the labour pain perception. In this study, researchers aim to determine the effect of focusing on birth-specific stereogram cards(BSSC) on labour pain perception.
Methods Study design This research is an experimental prospective randomized controlled clinical study.
Sample and Setting The research was conducted at the delivery room of a state hospital in Istanbul. In the delivery room where the work was conducted, 528 nulliparous women gave the vaginal birth. At the time of the research the standard midwifery care provided in the hospital during birth.
60 pregnant women, who agreed to participate in the study and met the study criteria, were included in the study, as 30 ones were in the test group (BSSC group) and 30 ones were in the control group. Power analysis is performed in the PASS program to determine the number of samples of the study.
According to previous studies, it is assumed that the difference between the level of pain between the experimental (BSSC) group and the control group is 5 after the intervention and the standard deviation of the control and the experimental group at the first measurement is 2. It is determined that, when the significance level α = 0.05 is taken as the power of 1-β = 0.99, the sample size is 30 for the control group and 30 for the experimental group. The research findings are limited to the research sample, can not be generalized.
İnterventions The pregnant women, who agreed the study, were included in randomization. All applicant is given a barcode number in the polyclinic. This barcode number was used for randomization. Single numbers were included in the experimental group, double in the numbers control group. The participants in the BSSC group were given a practical training on the focus technique on stereogram cards for one hour in the prenatal final trimester. The participants in the BSSC group were admitted to the delivery room when the birth process started. It was ensured that the participants in the BSSC group were focus on contractions in the latent phase, active phase and the transition phase by BSSC throughout. The participants in the BSSC group were admitted a pain assessment via VAS every two hours before and after the focus in parallel with clinical routine practice. A VAS was administered to the delivery room in the first admission and every two hours after birth without any interference to the participant in the control group. The state anxiety scale was assessed to both groups when cervical dilatation was 3-4 cm in the latent phase and cervical dilatation was 8-9 cm in the transition phase. Postpartum fatigue level and satisfaction of participants from birth were applied to both groups at the 2nd hour postpartum.
Data Collection The Pregnancy Data Form, State Anxiety Scale, BSSC, VAS, Postpartum Data Form were used as data collection tools.
The Pregnancy Data Form was prepared based on the literature. It consists of questions about the socio-demographic characteristics, medical and obstetric characteristics of the pregnant wo man, information and thoughts about the current pregnancy and birth.
Intrapartum Process Data Form includes about Gestational week, date and time of birth pain, drugs and applications in the first stage of labour, table before and after the application of stereogram card (cervical dilatation and wiping, level of head and condition of membranes, severity and frequency of contractions, fetal heart rate ( FKA), the mother's vital signs and behaviors during labour), the time when the second stage begins, the end time, the total duration of labour.
State Anxiety Scale was used to measure the level of anxiety experienced by pregnant women in both groups in the first stage of labour. According to the severity of the individual's emotions or behaviors in the situation he / she is experiencing, (1) None, (2) Some, (3) Many and (4) Completely requires to answer by marking one of the options. The state anxiety scale consists of 20 statements. The score obtained from the scale can vary between 20 and 80. The larger the score, the higher the anxiety level, the smaller the lower the level of anxiety.
VAS is a scale used to measure perceived pain. It was used in the studies to evaluate the perceived birth pain. It was found to be valid and reliable. In the form of a 0-10cm ruler, one end of the scale indicates 0 painlessness and the other 10 indicates the most severe degree of pain intensity.
Postpartum evaluation data form was prepared to evaluate the birth process for the participants of BSSC group and control group. At the end of the 2nd hour, the pregnant woman's thoughts about this birth, her thoughts about the labour pain, how she felt at the end of the birth and her satisfaction with the practices performed during the labour are included.
Design of BSSC The structure of the stereograms consists of two images. One of them is a depth map and the other is a texture map. These two visual elements are combined with specially designed computer software. Birth-specific stereogram cards (BSSC) in birth are designed by researchers and are created using the stereogram creator program. In the BSSC design, it was used as a tissue image to attract the attention of the mothers, and the pregnant, father, baby silhouettes were used as oxytocic pictures. These three-dimensional visual images were revised and finalized in the pilot study. BSSC is designed as a set with images to facilitate the use of the mothers. BSSC's 10 cards set with different patterns and silhouettes on the background.
Ethical Considerations Pregnant Women have given their written informed consent. The study protocol has been approved by the ethical committee of the Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Study No: 569 on the 27th October 2015.
Data Analysis The analysis were performed, using SPSS software version 20 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences Inc, IL, USA).
Conditions
See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.
Labor Pain
Birth, First
Study Design
Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.
Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Two groups of primiparous pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study were included in the study. Pregnant women were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was treated with BSSC.
Primary Study Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Blinding Strategy
DOUBLE
Participants
Investigators
Study Groups
Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.
BSSC group
Participants in the experimental group were allowed to focus with BSSC during uterine contractions in the first stage of labor.
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
Birth-Specific Stereogram Cards (BSSC)
Intervention Type
OTHER
Focus on Birth-Specific Stereogram Cards (BSSC) during uterine contractions in latent active and transitional phase
control group
The participants in the control group were provided with routine care in the first stage of labor. No intervention was made.
Group Type
NO_INTERVENTION
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.
Birth-Specific Stereogram Cards (BSSC)
Focus on Birth-Specific Stereogram Cards (BSSC) during uterine contractions in latent active and transitional phase
Intervention Type
OTHER
Eligibility Criteria
Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.
Inclusion Criteria
Pregnancy in term (37-42W)
* Have a fetus in a single, live and vertex position
* Latent stage of labour
* Cervical dilatation less than 5 cm
* Vaginal delivery planning
* No pregnancy complications
* Contractions have started and are regular
* No language problem
* Verbal communication
* Pregnant women accepted to study.
* Have a fetus in a single, live and vertex position
* Latent stage of labour
* Cervical dilatation less than 5 cm
* Vaginal delivery planning
* No pregnancy complications
* Contractions have started and are regular
* No language problem
* Verbal communication
* Pregnant women accepted to study.
Exclusion Criteria
Narcotic analgesic or sedative area
* Systemic disease such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease
* Pregnant women with pregnancy complications (plascenta previa, preeclampsia, oligohydroamnios, polyhydroamnios, position / presentation disorder, etc.).
* Systemic disease such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease
* Pregnant women with pregnancy complications (plascenta previa, preeclampsia, oligohydroamnios, polyhydroamnios, position / presentation disorder, etc.).
Eligible Sex
FEMALE
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Sponsors
Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.
Atlas University
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.
Esra Yurtsev
Asistant Professor
Responsibility Role
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Locations
Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.
İstanbul Atlas University
Istanbul, İ̇stanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Site Status
Countries
Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.
Turkey (Türkiye)
References
Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Obstetric Practice. ACOG committee opinion. No. 339: Analgesia and cesarean delivery rates. Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jun;107(6):1487-8. doi: 10.1097/00006250-200606000-00060.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Alp, N., Mete, S. (2008). Effect of Postpartum Fatigue Level, Sleep and Nutrition on Fatigue. The Journalof the Nursing School, Ataturk University, 11(4).
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Altunoglu, S. (2017) Stereogram types and structures. Access: 10.01.2017. https://www.academia.edu/16704677/
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
ASA. (2010). American Society of Anesthesia. Committee of Origin: Obstetrical Anesthesia (Approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 13, 1999 and last amended on October 20. 2010.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Beevi Z, Low WY, Hassan J. The Effectiveness of Hypnosis Intervention for Labor: An Experimental Study. Am J Clin Hypn. 2017 Oct;60(2):172-191. doi: 10.1080/00029157.2017.1280659.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Boaviagem A, Melo Junior E, Lubambo L, Sousa P, Aragao C, Albuquerque S, Lemos A. The effectiveness of breathing patterns to control maternal anxiety during the first period of labor: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2017 Feb;26:30-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.11.004. Epub 2016 Nov 11.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Canbulat N, Inal S, Sonmezer H. Efficacy of distraction methods on procedural pain and anxiety by applying distraction cards and kaleidoscope in children. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2014 Mar;8(1):23-8. doi: 10.1016/j.anr.2013.12.001. Epub 2013 Dec 14.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Chaillet N, Belaid L, Crochetiere C, Roy L, Gagne GP, Moutquin JM, Rossignol M, Dugas M, Wassef M, Bonapace J. Nonpharmacologic approaches for pain management during labor compared with usual care: a meta-analysis. Birth. 2014 Jun;41(2):122-37. doi: 10.1111/birt.12103. Epub 2014 Apr 25.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Choudhury N, Amer I, Daniels M, Wareing MJ. Audiovisual distraction reduces pain perception during aural microsuction. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2013 Jan;95(1):34-6. doi: 10.1308/003588413X13511609955535.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Creehan, P.A. (2007). Pain Relief and Comfort Measure in Labour. In: Kathleen Rice Simpson, Patricia A. Creehan (3rd Ed).Awhonn's Perinatal Nursing;: 333-460p.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Fahami F, Behmanesh F, Valiani M, Ashouri E. Effect of heat therapy on pain severity in primigravida women. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2011 Winter;16(1):113-6.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Finlayson K, Downe S, Hinder S, Carr H, Spiby H, Whorwell P. Unexpected consequences: women's experiences of a self-hypnosis intervention to help with pain relief during labour. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015 Sep 25;15:229. doi: 10.1186/s12884-015-0659-0.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Floris L, Irion O, Courvoisier D. Influence of obstetrical events on satisfaction and anxiety during childbirth: a prospective longitudinal study. Psychol Health Med. 2017 Sep;22(8):969-977. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2016.1258480. Epub 2016 Nov 17.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Gantz L, Bedell HE. Transfer of perceptual learning of depth discrimination between local and global stereograms. Vision Res. 2010 Aug 23;50(18):1891-9. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2010.06.011. Epub 2010 Jun 25.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Gomez AT, Lupon N, Cardona G, Aznar-Casanova JA. Visual mechanisms governing the perception of auto-stereograms. Clin Exp Optom. 2012 Mar;95(2):146-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2011.00664.x. Epub 2011 Oct 24.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Grossman, M., Smith, C. (2004). Magic Eye Beyond 3D: Improve Your Vision. Kansas City: Andrews Mc Meel Publishing; ISBN 0-7407-4527-1.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Guo C, Deng H, Yang J. Effect of virtual reality distraction on pain among patients with hand injury undergoing dressing change. J Clin Nurs. 2015 Jan;24(1-2):115-20. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12626. Epub 2014 Jun 4.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Moghimi-Hanjani S, Mehdizadeh-Tourzani Z, Shoghi M. The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Anxiety, Pain, and Outcomes of the Labor in Primigravida Women. Acta Med Iran. 2015 Aug;53(8):507-11.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Jahdi F, Sheikhan F, Haghani H, Sharifi B, Ghaseminejad A, Khodarahmian M, Rouhana N. Yoga during pregnancy: The effects on labor pain and delivery outcomes (A randomized controlled trial). Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2017 May;27:1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.12.002. Epub 2016 Dec 23.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Karlstrom A, Nystedt A, Hildingsson I. A comparative study of the experience of childbirth between women who preferred and had a caesarean section and women who preferred and had a vaginal birth. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2011 Aug;2(3):93-9. doi: 10.1016/j.srhc.2011.03.002. Epub 2011 Apr 3.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Kheirkhah M, Vali Pour NS, Nisani L, Haghani H. Comparing the effects of aromatherapy with rose oils and warm foot bath on anxiety in the first stage of labor in nulliparous women. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014 Aug 17;16(9):e14455. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.14455. eCollection 2014 Sep.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Klomp T, Mannien J, de Jonge A, Hutton EK, Lagro-Janssen AL. What do midwives need to know about approaches of women towards labour pain management? A qualitative interview study into expectations of management of labour pain for pregnant women receiving midwife-led care in the Netherlands. Midwifery. 2014 Apr;30(4):432-8. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2013.04.013. Epub 2013 Jun 19.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Koelewijn JM, Sluijs AM, Vrijkotte TGM. Possible relationship between general and pregnancy-related anxiety during the first half of pregnancy and the birth process: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2017 May 9;7(5):e013413. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013413.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Li A, Montano Z, Chen VJ, Gold JI. Virtual reality and pain management: current trends and future directions. Pain Manag. 2011 Mar;1(2):147-157. doi: 10.2217/pmt.10.15.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Liossi, C., Franck, L.S. (2017). Psychological interventions for acute pediatric pain. Chapter 16.Access: 23. 07. 2017. http://cw.tandf.co.uk/clinicalpainmanagement/acute-pain/AcuteCh16.pdf.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Long-Bellil L, Mitra M, Iezzoni LI, Smeltzer SC, Smith LD. Experiences and unmet needs of women with physical disabilities for pain relief during labor and delivery. Disabil Health J. 2017 Jul;10(3):440-444. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2017.02.007. Epub 2017 Apr 6.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lowe NK, Corwin EJ. Proposed biological linkages between obesity, stress, and inefficient uterine contractility during labor in humans. Med Hypotheses. 2011 May;76(5):755-60. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.02.018. Epub 2011 Mar 5.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
McCauley M, Stewart C, Kebede B. A survey of healthcare providers' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain relief in labor for women in Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017 Feb 7;17(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12884-017-1237-4.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Melzac, R., 1999. From the gate to the neuromatrix. Pain;1999:82, 121-126p. Metinoglu, M., Irmak, A.Y., Kaya, SA. (2017). Application of Non-Pharmacological Methods to Give Birth in a Nulliparous Pregnancy. ACU Health Science Journal; 3:173-184p.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Moayedi M, Davis KD. Theories of pain: from specificity to gate control. J Neurophysiol. 2013 Jan;109(1):5-12. doi: 10.1152/jn.00457.2012. Epub 2012 Oct 3.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Moberg, U.K. (2003). The Oxytocin factor: Tapping The hormone of Calm, Love and healing. De capo press.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Oliveira NC, Santos JL, Linhares MB. Audiovisual distraction for pain relief in paediatric inpatients: A crossover study. Eur J Pain. 2017 Jan;21(1):178-187. doi: 10.1002/ejp.915. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Ravangard R, Basiri A, Sajjadnia Z, Shokrpour N. Comparison of the Effects of Using Physiological Methods and Accompanying a Doula in Deliveries on Nulliparous Women's Anxiety and Pain: A Case Study in Iran. Health Care Manag (Frederick). 2017 Oct/Dec;36(4):372-379. doi: 10.1097/HCM.0000000000000188.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Risaw L, Narang K, Thakur JS, Ghai S, Kaur S, Bharti B. Efficacy of Flippits to Reduce Pain in Children during Venipuncture - A Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian J Pediatr. 2017 Aug;84(8):597-600. doi: 10.1007/s12098-017-2335-z. Epub 2017 Apr 5.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Sahiner NC, Bal MD. The effects of three different distraction methods on pain and anxiety in children. J Child Health Care. 2016 Sep;20(3):277-85. doi: 10.1177/1367493515587062. Epub 2015 Jun 2.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Shahoei R, Shahghebi S, Rezaei M, Naqshbandi S. The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the severity of labor pain among nulliparous women: A clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2017 Aug;28:176-180. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.05.004. Epub 2017 May 18.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Shaw-Battista J. Systematic Review of Hydrotherapy Research: Does a Warm Bath in Labor Promote Normal Physiologic Childbirth? J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2017 Oct/Dec;31(4):303-316. doi: 10.1097/JPN.0000000000000260.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Shourab NJ, Zagami SE, Golmakhani N, Mazlom SR, Nahvi A, Pabarja F, Talebi M, Rizi SM. Virtual reality and anxiety in primiparous women during episiotomy repair. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016 Sep-Oct;21(5):521-526. doi: 10.4103/1735-9066.193417.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Simpson, K.R., O'brien-Abel, N. (2014). Labour and Birth. Simpson KR, Creehan PA. (4th Ed.), AWHONN Perinatal Nursing ; 344-510p.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Snelgrove-Clarke, E., Budin, W. (2015). Labour and Childbirth. In: Evans R.J, Evans M.K, Brown Y (2nd Ed.). Canadian Maternity Newborn&Women's Health Nursing: 379-618p.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Tzeng YL, Yang YL, Kuo PC, Lin YC, Chen SL. Pain, Anxiety, and Fatigue During Labor: A Prospective, Repeated Measures Study. J Nurs Res. 2017 Feb;25(1):59-67. doi: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000165.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Tzeng YL, Chao YM, Kuo SY, Teng YK. Childbirth-related fatigue trajectories during labour. J Adv Nurs. 2008 Aug;63(3):240-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04732.x.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Unalmis Erdogan S, Yanikkerem E, Goker A. Effects of low back massage on perceived birth pain and satisfaction. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2017 Aug;28:169-175. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.05.016. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Vaziri F, Shiravani M, Najib FS, Pourahmad S, Salehi A, Yazdanpanahi Z. Effect of Lavender Oil Aroma in the Early Hours of Postpartum Period on Maternal Pains, Fatigue, and Mood: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Prev Med. 2017 May 4;8:29. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_137_16. eCollection 2017.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Webber AL, Wood J. Amblyopia: prevalence, natural history, functional effects and treatment. Clin Exp Optom. 2005 Nov;88(6):365-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2005.tb05102.x.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Zauderer, C.R. (2016). maximizing Comfort for the labouring woman. In: Lowdermilk, LD., Perry, ES., Cashion, K., Alden, KR. Maternity women's health care. 11. edition; 381-454p.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.
interventional
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
More Related Trials
Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.
The Effect of Continuous Accompanying Support in the Active Phase on Labor Pain, Duration and Satisfaction
NCT05720962
COMPLETED
NA
Effect of Using a Birth Ball on Birth Satisfaction and Pain in Pregnant Women During Labor
NCT05312502
COMPLETED
NA
Non-Pharmacological Method to Relieve Back Pain
NCT05893355
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Skin-to-Skin Contact Applied in the Early Postpartum Period on Maternal Pain, Birth Satisfaction, and Maternal Vital Signs Dynamics
NCT07304037
ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
NA
Women's Positive Birth Perception Awareness and Birth Experience
NCT05680272
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Continuous Midwifery Care at Birth on Labor Pain, Comfort and Satisfaction
NCT05520060
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Pregnant-controlled Sacral Massage on Mothers' Labor Pain, Perception, Process and Midwives' Satisfaction
NCT06499402
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
NA
The Effect Of Web-Based Birth Preparation Education Given To Pregnant Women On Prenatal Attachment And Fear Of Birth
NCT07201623
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Partner Massage in Labor on Pain, Anxiety and Birth Process
NCT05734885
COMPLETED
NA
Effect of Intrapartum Continuous Midwife Support on Maternal and Neonatal Stress Level
NCT05302401
UNKNOWN
NA
The Effect of Using a Birth Ball and Squatting Position During Labor
NCT05360823
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Su-jok Therapy Applied in the First Stage of Labor on Pain Level in Primiparas
NCT06760013
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
NA
Childbirth Performed in Collaboration With Midwife-Pregnant
NCT05955053
RECRUITING
NA
Guided Imagery and Positive Birth Experience Sharing on Fear of Childbirth and Self-Efficacy
NCT07015086
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
NA
The Effect of Trauma Informed Care in Childbirth
NCT05662176
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Continuous Midwife Support on Various Parameters Related to Pregnancy, Childbirth and Postpartum Period
NCT05797363
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
NA
Focusing on the Maryam's Flower During the Birth
NCT06128759
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Rebozo Application in the Intrapartum Period
NCT05583825
COMPLETED
NA
Evaluating the Effect of Hugging and Praying on Traumatic Birth Perception, Birth Pain, and Birth Anxiety
NCT07299136
COMPLETED
NA
Showering During Labor
NCT05529823
COMPLETED
NA
The Effectiveness of the Applications Made in Line With the Algorithm for Coping With Labor Pain
NCT04883047
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Acupressure on Labor Pain and Anxiety Levels During Labor in Primiparas Women
NCT05411289
COMPLETED
NA
Interdisciplinary Practice Bundle for Second-Stage of Labor and Clinical Outcomes
NCT07055490
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
NA
The Effect of Foot Bath on Birth Pain and Birth Comfort
NCT06380400
COMPLETED
NA
Hydrotherapy in Labor: Outcomes for Pain, Birth, and Breastfeeding
NCT07031635
COMPLETED
NA