Eliminating Monitor Overuse Trial (EMO Trial)

NCT ID: NCT05132322

Last Updated: 2026-02-13

Study Results

Results available

Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

9265 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-12-01

Study Completion Date

2026-08-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to identify the optimal deimplementation strategies for an overused practice: continuous pulse oximetry monitoring of children hospitalized with bronchiolitis who are not receiving supplemental oxygen.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Bronchiolitis Acute Viral

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Unlearning Only

Includes educational outreach and audit \& feedback.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Educational Outreach

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Educational outreach includes staff-targeted educational materials and outreach sessions summarizing the current evidence and guideline recommendations for pulse oximetry use in bronchiolitis.

Audit & Feedback (unit level)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Weekly unit-level feedback of each hospital's guideline-concordant practice will be distributed to sites in the form of a visual dashboard that includes comparisons over time and between hospitals. The dashboard will then be shared locally on a weekly basis with clinicians in person and electronically.

Audit & Feedback (real time, individual-level)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Real-time feedback will occur at the individual clinician level. When collecting data on an individual patient, data collectors encountering guideline-discordant continuous monitoring are empowered to briefly ask any available clinician responsible for that patient's care, in a nonjudgmental way, about indications for monitoring that patient. The clinician is ultimately responsible for deciding if any changes are indicated.

Unlearning + Substitution

Includes educational outreach, audit \& feedback, and an electronic health record-integrated clinical pathway to support appropriate use of pulse oximetry.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Educational Outreach

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Educational outreach includes staff-targeted educational materials and outreach sessions summarizing the current evidence and guideline recommendations for pulse oximetry use in bronchiolitis.

Audit & Feedback (unit level)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Weekly unit-level feedback of each hospital's guideline-concordant practice will be distributed to sites in the form of a visual dashboard that includes comparisons over time and between hospitals. The dashboard will then be shared locally on a weekly basis with clinicians in person and electronically.

Audit & Feedback (real time, individual-level)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Real-time feedback will occur at the individual clinician level. When collecting data on an individual patient, data collectors encountering guideline-discordant continuous monitoring are empowered to briefly ask any available clinician responsible for that patient's care, in a nonjudgmental way, about indications for monitoring that patient. The clinician is ultimately responsible for deciding if any changes are indicated.

Clinical Pathway Integrated into Electronic Health Record

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Clinical pathways guide clinicians step-by-step through evidence-based care. Based on the existing guidelines for physiologic monitoring in bronchiolitis, the pathway will clearly specify (a) situations when it is appropriate to initiate intermittent SpO2 measurement instead of continuous SpO2 monitoring, and (b) when it is appropriate to discontinue continuous SpO2 monitoring altogether, and transition to intermittent SpO2 measurement. In order to be visible to clinicians as they perform patient care, the pathway will be integrated into the electronic health record at sites randomized to this intervention.

Interventions

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Educational Outreach

Educational outreach includes staff-targeted educational materials and outreach sessions summarizing the current evidence and guideline recommendations for pulse oximetry use in bronchiolitis.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Audit & Feedback (unit level)

Weekly unit-level feedback of each hospital's guideline-concordant practice will be distributed to sites in the form of a visual dashboard that includes comparisons over time and between hospitals. The dashboard will then be shared locally on a weekly basis with clinicians in person and electronically.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Audit & Feedback (real time, individual-level)

Real-time feedback will occur at the individual clinician level. When collecting data on an individual patient, data collectors encountering guideline-discordant continuous monitoring are empowered to briefly ask any available clinician responsible for that patient's care, in a nonjudgmental way, about indications for monitoring that patient. The clinician is ultimately responsible for deciding if any changes are indicated.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Clinical Pathway Integrated into Electronic Health Record

Clinical pathways guide clinicians step-by-step through evidence-based care. Based on the existing guidelines for physiologic monitoring in bronchiolitis, the pathway will clearly specify (a) situations when it is appropriate to initiate intermittent SpO2 measurement instead of continuous SpO2 monitoring, and (b) when it is appropriate to discontinue continuous SpO2 monitoring altogether, and transition to intermittent SpO2 measurement. In order to be visible to clinicians as they perform patient care, the pathway will be integrated into the electronic health record at sites randomized to this intervention.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Infants and children 2 months through 23 months old
* Hospitalized on non-ICU wards participating in the trial
* Cared for by generalist inpatient services (e.g. general pediatrics, hospital medicine)
* Primary diagnosis of bronchiolitis in most recent physician progress note
* Not actively receiving supplemental oxygen ("in room air")
* Last documented receipt of supplemental oxygen \>1 hour prior to direct observational data collection


* Infants and children 2 months through 23 months old
* Hospitalized on non-ICU wards participating in the trial
* Cared for by generalist inpatient services (e.g. general pediatrics, hospital medicine)
* Primary diagnosis of bronchiolitis in most recent physician progress note
* Actively receiving ≥2 Liters/minute (2L/min) supplemental oxygen or 21% room air flow

Exclusion Criteria

* Documented apnea or cyanosis during the current illness
* Extreme prematurity (\<28 weeks completed gestation)
* Cardiac disease
* Pulmonary hypertension
* Chronic lung disease
* Home oxygen requirement
* Neuromuscular disease
* Immunodeficiency
* Cancer
* Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Covid-19 / SARS-CoV-2)-related illness (known or suspected, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)

Population b: Bronchiolitis patients directly observed while receiving supplemental oxygen (for underuse evaluation).


* Extreme prematurity (\<28 weeks completed gestation)
* Cardiac disease
* Pulmonary hypertension
* Chronic lung disease
* Home oxygen requirement
* Neuromuscular disease
* Immunodeficiency
* Cancer
* Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 \[Covid-19 / SARS-CoV-2 (known or suspected)\]
Minimum Eligible Age

2 Months

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Pennsylvania

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Boston Children's Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings (PRIS) Network

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Christopher P Bonafide, MD, MSCE

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Rinad S Beidas, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Northwestern University

Locations

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Children's of Alabama

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Site Status

University of California Davis

Davis, California, United States

Site Status

Rady Children's Hospital/UCSD

Encinitas, California, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Valley Children's Hospital

Madera, California, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital Orange County

Orange, California, United States

Site Status

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford

Stanford, California, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital Colorado

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital

New Haven, Connecticut, United States

Site Status

Children's National Medical Center

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Site Status

Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Boston Children's Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

CS Mott Children's Hospital

Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

Site Status

Children's Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

Children's Mercy Kansas City

Kansas City, Missouri, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital at Dartmouth-Hitchcock

Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States

Site Status

CHOP Pediatric Care at Penn Medicine/Princeton Health

Princeton, New Jersey, United States

Site Status

CHOP Care Network at Virtua

Voorhees Township, New Jersey, United States

Site Status

Albany Medical Center

Albany, New York, United States

Site Status

Cohen Children's Medical Center

New Hyde Park, New York, United States

Site Status

NYP-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Komansky Children's Hospital/New York Presbyterian Medical Center /Weill Cornell Medicine

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

University of Rochester Golisano Children's Hospital

Rochester, New York, United States

Site Status

Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital

Syracuse, New York, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital at Montefiore

The Bronx, New York, United States

Site Status

Akron Children's Hospital

Akron, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Nationwide Children's Hospital

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital at Oklahoma University Medical Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States

Site Status

CHOP King of Prussia Hospital

King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

CHOP Grand View Hospital

Sellersville, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

Children's Medical Center Dallas

Dallas, Texas, United States

Site Status

Children's Memorial Hermann

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status

Texas Children's Hospital

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status

Texas Children's Hospital West Campus

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status

Texas Children's Hospital The Woodlands

The Woodlands, Texas, United States

Site Status

Primary Children's Hospital

Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

Site Status

University of Vermont Children's Hospital

Burlington, Vermont, United States

Site Status

Inova Children's Hospital

Falls Church, Virginia, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters

Norfolk, Virginia, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU

Richmond, Virginia, United States

Site Status

Seattle Children's Hospital

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

Hoops Family Children's Hospital at Marshall University

Huntington, West Virginia, United States

Site Status

Children's Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status

Alberta Children's Hospital

Calgary, , Canada

Site Status

Countries

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United States Canada

References

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Xiao R, Bonafide CP, Williams NJ, Cidav Z, Landrigan CP, Faerber J, Makeneni S, Wolk CB, Schondelmeyer AC, Brady PW, Beidas RS, Schisterman EF. Eliminating Monitor Overuse (EMO) type III effectiveness-deimplementation cluster-randomized trial: Statistical analysis plan. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2023 Oct 2;36:101219. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101219. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 37842322 (View on PubMed)

Faerber JA, Xiao R, Makeneni S, Schisterman EF, Brady PW, Schondelmeyer AC, Landrigan CP, Lucey K, Lee V, Gregory PF, Prasto J, Parthasarathy P, Greenfield M, Solomon C, Brent CR, Albanowski K, Beidas RS, Bonafide CP; Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings (PRIS) Network. Sustainment of continuous pulse oximetry deimplementation: Analysis of Eliminating Monitor Overuse study data from six hospitals. J Hosp Med. 2023 Aug;18(8):724-729. doi: 10.1002/jhm.13154. Epub 2023 Jun 28.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 37380625 (View on PubMed)

Bonafide CP, Xiao R, Schondelmeyer AC, Pettit AR, Brady PW, Landrigan CP, Wolk CB, Cidav Z, Ruppel H, Muthu N, Williams NJ, Schisterman E, Brent CR, Albanowski K, Beidas RS; Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings (PRIS) Network. Sustainable deimplementation of continuous pulse oximetry monitoring in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis: study protocol for the Eliminating Monitor Overuse (EMO) type III effectiveness-deimplementation cluster-randomized trial. Implement Sci. 2022 Oct 21;17(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s13012-022-01246-z.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36271399 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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U01HL159880

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

21-018560

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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