Remote Monitoring in Preschool Wheeze

NCT ID: NCT05447832

Last Updated: 2022-07-07

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: UNKNOWN
• Total Enrollment: 100 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2022-08-31
• Study Completion Date: 2024-03-29

Brief Summary

The aim of this project is to fill the significant unmet healthcare need to prevent wheeze attacks in preschool children. This will be achieved by developing a proof-of-concept, bespoke home remote objective monitoring system for preschool children that can identify early signs before a wheeze attack to allow early intervention and prevention. This study aims to develop methods for recognising child-specific abnormal patterns in time-course lung function data, and wheeze onset providing early warning of deterioration. The prototype system is targeted for use by caregivers of preschool children with wheeze, and will integrate the individual child's information about symptoms, medication use and lung function to alert parents to seek healthcare advice to prevent hospitalisation.

Detailed Description

Asthma is the most common childhood non-infectious lung disease in the United Kingdom, affecting ~8% of children. Asthma symptoms include wheezing (a high-pitched whistling sound created by turbulent airflow through narrowed airways) associated with difficulty in breathing and shortness of breath, often with a dry cough. Asthma is characterised by episodic (wheeze attacks) and variable symptoms which fluctuate day-to-day. An asthma, or wheeze attack, is a sudden worsening of symptoms, associated with airway obstruction that requires treatment to open up the airways.

Preschool children (aged 1-5 years) account for the majority (75%) of hospital admissions for acute attacks of wheezing in the UK. Up to half of all preschool children will suffer at least one episode of wheezing by their 6th birthday, and 7.8% of preschool children came to primary care with acute wheezing in 2017 in the UK. Frequent severe wheeze attacks in preschool age are the strongest risk factor for diminished lung function at physiological peak in early adulthood and are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the sixth decade of life, as well as early all-cause mortality and cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities. It is therefore vital to prevent wheeze attacks in preschool children.

Preschool children experience a 5-times higher rate of hospitalisation for acute wheeze attacks compared to school-aged children. This suggests overt symptoms present late, and not soon enough, for early intervention to prevent attacks in preschool children. The number of unscheduled healthcare presentations of acute wheeze attacks has not decreased for the last 2 decades for preschool children, while it has been declining for school-aged children and adults, resulting in a high socioeconomic burden in the UK and worldwide.

Failure to prevent wheeze attacks in preschool children is in part due to the absence of age-specific remote and objective monitoring technology for disease severity. Currently, in this age group, symptoms are diagnosed and monitored by subjective assessments of airway obstruction (narrowing). Evidence that the symptoms improve following treatment with inhaled bronchodilators is used as an indirect indication of the presence of reversible airway obstruction, which is a cardinal feature of asthma. In school-aged children and adults, airway obstruction is monitored objectively with lung function tests such as spirometry. Spirometry can be performed remotely at home to aid telemedicine monitoring in asthma. However, spirometry requires a forced expiratory manoeuvre and cooperation from the patient. It can thus only be reliably performed in children over 5 years old. As a result, diagnosis and monitoring of wheezing/asthma in preschool children depends on parental reports, clinical examination and subjective assessment of symptoms, but no objective measures of airway obstruction.

For this study, time-course lung function data will be obtained using a novel home-based wearable device designed for preschool children that detects airway obstruction whilst the child is asleep (Ventica®). Also, eliciting objective confirmation of wheeze will be obtained by the use of the WheezeScan® device, which detects presence/absence of wheeze when placed on the child's chest. This information will contribute to developing an app that combines symptoms, medication use, and lung function to allow wheeze detection and provide a personalised plan for parents to seek healthcare advice.

STUDY HYPOTHESES

1. A mobile-based system integrating data on remote lung function, symptoms and medication use can be used to predict the development of an acute attack of wheeze in children aged 1-5 years.

2. The dynamic change in lung function reflects underlying airway pathology in severe wheezing

STUDY OBJECTIVES

1. To develop a mobile app system that collects data on lung function, symptoms and medication use, and returns personalised prediction for preschool wheezers, empowering parents to self-manage their child's wheeze/asthma.

2. To quantify airway inflammation and remodelling in endobronchial biopsies and broncho-alveolar lavage from a subgroup of preschool children with severe wheezing and relate pathology to the pattern of airway obstruction detected using the Ventica® system.

3. To develop prediction models that integrate patient-specific abnormal patterns in time-course lung function data, symptoms recorded using with and without WheezeScan®, and rescue medication use, providing early warning of deterioration.

Conditions

Wheezing; Respiratory Sounds

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: COHORT
• Study Time Perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

1/Children aged between 1-5 years from the emergency department

Children who have attended the emergency department at St Mary's Hospital, with an acute attack of wheezing. These families will be asked to use the lung function monitoring and the wheeze detection device every night for 2 weeks, while recording symptoms and medication use in the last 24 hours.

Lung function monitoring equipment at home - 2 weeks

Intervention Type: DEVICE

The parent/carer setup the lung function monitoring equipment (Ventica®), and placed the WheezeScan® device on the child's chest at home before the child goes to sleep. This is performed once daily for 2 weeks.

2/Children aged between 1-5 years admitted electively for wheezing investigation

Children who have been admitted electively for investigations of their wheezing at the Brompton Hospital. These children/families will be asked to do the lung function monitoring and the wheeze detection device once per week for 4 months, while recording symptoms and medication use in the last 24 hours.

Lung function monitoring equipment at home - 4 months

Intervention Type: DEVICE

The parent/carer setup the lung function monitoring equipment (Ventica®), and placed the WheezeScan® device on the child's chest at home before the child goes to sleep. This is performed once weekly for 4 months.

Inflammation and remodelling from clinical indicted bronchoscopy

Intervention Type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

For patients who are undergoing clinically indicated bronchoscopy, consent will be obtained to use any surplus clinical samples for this study. The samples to be collected are broncho-alveolar lavage and endobronchial biopsies. Both of these are taken from the airways during clinical bronchoscopy.

Interventions

Lung function monitoring equipment at home - 2 weeks

The parent/carer setup the lung function monitoring equipment (Ventica®), and placed the WheezeScan® device on the child's chest at home before the child goes to sleep. This is performed once daily for 2 weeks.

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Lung function monitoring equipment at home - 4 months

The parent/carer setup the lung function monitoring equipment (Ventica®), and placed the WheezeScan® device on the child's chest at home before the child goes to sleep. This is performed once weekly for 4 months.

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Inflammation and remodelling from clinical indicted bronchoscopy

For patients who are undergoing clinically indicated bronchoscopy, consent will be obtained to use any surplus clinical samples for this study. The samples to be collected are broncho-alveolar lavage and endobronchial biopsies. Both of these are taken from the airways during clinical bronchoscopy.

Intervention Type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Children aged 1-5 years
• Doctor diagnosed and confirmed wheeze
• At least one previous attack of wheeze in the previous year
• Parents/carers with access to a smart phone or computer (to allow data to be entered into the online questionnaire)

Exclusion Criteria

• Prematurity < 34 weeks gestation
• Need for ventilation in the first seven days after birth
• Known cardiac disease
• Known diagnosis of another respiratory condition (e.g. cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis)

• Minimum Eligible Age: 1 Year
• Maximum Eligible Age: 5 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Imperial College London

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Sejal Saglani

Professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Sejal Saglani, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Imperial College London

Locations

Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

London, , United Kingdom

Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

London, , United Kingdom

Countries

United Kingdom

Central Contacts

Sejal Saglani, MD

Role: CONTACT

s.saglani@imperial.ac.uk

+442075943167

Karina Mayoral, MPH

Role: CONTACT

k.mayoral-ortiz21@imperial.ac.uk

Facility Contacts

Sejal Saglani, MD

Role: primary

s.saglani@imperial.ac.uk

+442075943167

Adnan Custovic, MD

Role: primary

a.custovic@imperial.ac.uk

Other Identifiers

307300

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id