Supplementation With L-ornithine But Not L-arginine Increases Density of CD68+ and CD163+ Macrophages in Periodontitis
NCT ID: NCT05042024
Last Updated: 2021-09-17
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
PHASE3
75 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2017-10-20
2018-11-01
Brief Summary
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The null hypothesis tested was that L-arginine and L-ornithine have no influences on CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages densities when supplementing the treatment of periodontitis.
Materials and methods. 75 individuals with a diagnosis of generalized periodontitis at stages II-III and grade B (38 women and 37 men, 51% and 49%, respectively) were included in the study. Periodontitis was diagnosed by using the criteria of the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions 2017. 25 patients received scaling and root planing only; 25 patients additionally received L-arginine, and 25 - L-ornithine, according to instructions available in Ukraine.
For the immunohistochemical study of paraffin-embedded sections, the gingival biopsy was taken from 5 selected patients per group before treatment and after 1 month. CD68+ (cluster of differentiation 68 positive) and CD163+ cells served as a morphological equivalent of M1, M2 macrophages subpopulations, and their densities were calculated per 10000 μm2. Statistical analysis was performed by adequate power methods.
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Detailed Description
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Patients were grouped by stratified randomization into three groups: the SRP Group (patients received scaling and root planing as a full-mouth procedure, n=25); the Arg Group (patients received oral L-arginine aspartate (Yuria-Pharm, Ukraine) at a dose of 1 g t.i.d. for 10 days after SRP, n=25); and the Orn Group (patients received oral L-ornithine aspartate (Farmak, Ukraine) at a dose of 3 g t.i.d. for 15 days after SRP, n=25). We used arginine and ornithine according to instructions for these medicines available for use in Ukraine. During the study, all patients were on a stable diet, without changing their rations and regiments.
For all participants, gender and age were recorded, and periodontal parameters such as periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BoP) measurements were taken from six periodontal sites on all teeth (except for the third molars) by a single calibrated examiner using a manual periodontal probe (dental explorer tool labeled 0106.DT06.CP10, Den Tag, Italy). PPD and CAL were measured to the nearest 1 mm.
All patients were clinically examined before treatment and after 1 month ± 5 days.
Collection of gingival tissue samples For the precise immunohistochemical study, the gingival biopsy of approximately 3x3 mm was excised under local anesthesia before treatment and 1 month later in 5 selected patients per group. Biopsies were obtained in the same time-points, from a single site displaying the deepest pocket around suitable dental and periodontal procedures. Removal of these tissue biopsies did not interfere with the initial treatment plan or influence upon the expected clinical outcomes. After collection, biopsies were fixed in a 4% formalin solution for 24 hr of fixation, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin.
Immunohistochemistry and antibodies Paraffin sections, 2-3 μm in thickness were deparaffinized and dehydrated. Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, power of hydrogen (pH) 6, was performed by successive heating the slides in the microwave oven, then allowed to cool, rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), incubated with blocked reagent, rinsed, and incubated with mouse monoclonal CD68 antibodies (1:30, clone PG-M1, Diagnostic BioSystems, The Hague, The Netherlands) or anti-CD163 (1:100, clone 10D6, Diagnostic BioSystems, The Hague, The Netherlands). Then sections were stained with the 2-steps Mouse/Rabbit PolyVue Plus™ HRP/DAB Detection System (Diagnostic BioSystems, The Hague, The Netherlands), and counterstained with Mayer's haemalaun. PBS was used as a negative control, the lymph node tissue - as a positive control.
Evaluation of immunohistochemical staining CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages (Mφs) were estimated by counting the number of the cells by light microscope ×400 in intensive infiltrative areas, 5 regions from each slice were selected, and all 5 counts were taken for statistics. We counted immunopositive Mφs in the areas of cell infiltration, since they are directly related to inflammation. The number of cells per 10 000 μm2 was calculated as immunopositive cell density. Photos were obtained using the light microscope Axio Lab.A1 (Carl Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany) (×400).
Statistical analysis Small sample size was justified by the expectation of a high effect size, unknown null distribution, and compensated with adequate power non parametric statistics. Precise sample size calculation was not performed.
Means of PPD and CAL were calculated for sites with PD\>4mm (affected sites). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 5 software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, USA) by means of descriptive statistics, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and nonparametric ANOVA tests for multiple comparisons: Friedman - for dependent variables, Kruskal-Wallis test - for independent variables, with post-hoc analyzing. For descriptive statistics of cells numbers, the percentile ranges were also used because of non-normal distributions. The CD68+/CD163+ ratio was assessed by inter-group t-tests comparisons and Spearman correlation checking. P values of \<0.05 were considered statistically significant in all of the analyses.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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the SRP Group
Patients received conventional periodontal therapy including scaling and root planing as a full-mouth procedure, n=25.
Scaling and root planing
Conventional periodontal therapy, non-surgical periodontal therapy
the Arg Group
Patients received oral L-arginine aspartate (Yuria-Pharm, Ukraine) at a dose of 1 g t.i.d. for 10 days after conventional periodontal therapy, n=25.
Scaling and root planing
Conventional periodontal therapy, non-surgical periodontal therapy
Oral L-arginine aspartate administration
The use of L-arginine aspartate as adjuncts to local conservative treatment (scaling and root planing) of periodontitis to optimize treatment by modulating local macrophage subpopulations
the Orn Group
Patients received oral L-ornithine aspartate (Farmak, Ukraine) at a dose of 3 g t.i.d. for 15 days after conventional periodontal therapy, n=25.
Scaling and root planing
Conventional periodontal therapy, non-surgical periodontal therapy
Oral L-ornithine aspartate administration
The use of L-ornithine aspartate as adjuncts to local conservative treatment (scaling and root planing) of periodontitis to optimize treatment by modulating local macrophage subpopulations
Interventions
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Scaling and root planing
Conventional periodontal therapy, non-surgical periodontal therapy
Oral L-arginine aspartate administration
The use of L-arginine aspartate as adjuncts to local conservative treatment (scaling and root planing) of periodontitis to optimize treatment by modulating local macrophage subpopulations
Oral L-ornithine aspartate administration
The use of L-ornithine aspartate as adjuncts to local conservative treatment (scaling and root planing) of periodontitis to optimize treatment by modulating local macrophage subpopulations
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Good general health
* At least 19 remaining teeth
* Written informed consent forms
Exclusion Criteria
* Periodontal therapy within the previous 6 months
* Purulent exudation from periodontal pockets
* Pregnancy and breastfeeding
* Presence of severe, uncontrolled (decompensated) diseases of the internal organs, or neuropsychiatric disorders
* Presence of other conditions that determined the inability of the patient to understand the nature and possible consequences of the study
25 Years
54 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Igor Kaydashev
Honored Master of Science and Technology of Ukraine, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Vice-Rector for Research and Development
Principal Investigators
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Igor P Kaydashev, Dr.hab.
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy
Locations
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Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy
Poltava, , Ukraine
Countries
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References
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Other Identifiers
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0120U101151
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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