Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model-based Intervention to Domiciliary Non-invasive Ventilation of Patients

NCT ID: NCT05008211

Last Updated: 2025-11-28

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

124 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-09-16

Study Completion Date

2025-06-30

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

Domiciliary non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is a standard care for improving survival rates of selected patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CHRF) and to improve the patients' hypercapnia, sleep quality, health-related quality of life (QoL). Adherence is an important factor affecting clinical effectiveness of domiciliary NIV. Our previous study has noted the associations between poor domiciliary NIV adherence and increased number of clinical adverse events (p = 0.004) and increased hospitalization requiring acute NIV salvage (p = 0.042). However, there are very limited studies on adherence to domiciliary NIV in patients with CHRF. The only interventional study was a single-group pre-test post-test study and lack of a theoretical framework for guiding the intervention. This study is employing an Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model-based intervention to improve inhalation adherence in a group of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

The study design is a multi-center, 2-arm single-blind randomized controlled trial. The intervention group will receive an Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) model-based intervention while the control group will receive the usual care.

Usual Care: There is a respiratory team of health care professionals responsible for patients requiring domiciliary non-invasive ventilation (NIV). The team is led by a Medical Consultant and with respiratory nurse(s) as team members who are responsible for assisting patients or their family to initiate domiciliary NIV and teaching the relevant technical skills. The nurse will provide an one-hour face-to-face session to introduce the choices of domiciliary NIV and teach the patient or his/her family on how to operate and maintain the ventilator, interface and accessories, and also how to handle the common problems such as leakage and pressure sore in hospital before discharge. Commercial leaflet or booklet according to the choice of ventilator with information of the ventilator, interface, accessories and the ventilator company will be provided to the patient.

Intervention:

There will be a respiratory team, same as the usual care, responsible for patients requiring domiciliary NIV in the intervention group. The IMB model-based intervention of this study is a six-week program consisted of a one-hour face-to-face home visit in the first week, two 20-minute telephone follow-ups in the second and fourth weeks, and a half-hour face-to-face follow-up at hospital in the sixth week, and a telephone consultation hotline during office hours.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure Noninvasive Ventilation

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Intervention

There will be a respiratory team, same as the usual care, responsible for patients requiring domiciliary NIV in the intervention group.

The IMB model-based intervention of this study is a six-week program consisted of a one-hour face-to-face home visit in the first week, two 20-minute telephone follow-ups in the second and fourth weeks, and a half-hour face-to-face follow-up at hospital in the sixth week, and a telephone consultation hotline during office hours.

There are three major components including information, motivation and behavioral skill interventions as proposed by the IMB model and will be deliberately arranged in the different sessions.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model-based intervention

Intervention Type OTHER

A six-week programme

Control - usual care

There is a respiratory team of health care professionals responsible for patients requiring domiciliary NIV. The team is led by a Medical Consultant and with respiratory nurse(s) as team members who are responsible for assisting patients or their family to initiate domiciliary NIV and teaching the relevant technical skills. The nurse will provide an one-hour face-to-face session to introduce the choices of domiciliary NIV and teach the patient or his/her family on how to operate and maintain the ventilator, interface and accessories, and also how to handle the common problems such as leakage and pressure sore in hospital before discharge. Commercial leaflet or booklet according to the choice of ventilator with information of the ventilator, interface, accessories and the ventilator company will be provided to the patient.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Control - usual care

Intervention Type OTHER

he nurse will provide an one-hour face-to-face session to introduce the choices of domiciliary NIV and teach the patient or his/her family on how to operate and maintain the ventilator, interface and accessories, and also how to handle the common problems

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model-based intervention

A six-week programme

Intervention Type OTHER

Control - usual care

he nurse will provide an one-hour face-to-face session to introduce the choices of domiciliary NIV and teach the patient or his/her family on how to operate and maintain the ventilator, interface and accessories, and also how to handle the common problems

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* (1) CHRF (i.e., PaCO2 ≥ 7 kPa or 52.5 mmHg) for at least 4 weeks, and
* (2) using domiciliary NIV for ≥ 4 weeks, and
* (3) non-adherer (i.e., used domiciliary NIV for \< 4 hours per night or \< 70% of days or with a mean daily use \< 5 hours per day in the last 2 weeks)

Exclusion Criteria

* (1) known psychiatric disorders except anxiety and depression; or
* (2) diseases limiting life expectancy to ≤ one year; or
* (3) active malignancy
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

University Grants Committee, Hong Kong

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

Hospital Authority, Hong Kong

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

The University of Hong Kong

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Prof. Yu, Doris Sau Fung

Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Doris SF Yu, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, HKU

Henry Poon, PhD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

United Christian Hospital

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital

Hong Kong, , Hong Kong

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Hong Kong

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Elliott MW, Mulvey DA, Moxham J, Green M, Branthwaite MA. Domiciliary nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in COPD: mechanisms underlying changes in arterial blood gas tensions. Eur Respir J. 1991 Oct;4(9):1044-52.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 1756837 (View on PubMed)

Ambrosino N, Montagna T, Nava S, Negri A, Brega S, Fracchia C, Zocchi L, Rampulla C. Short term effect of intermittent negative pressure ventilation in COPD patients with respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 1990 May;3(5):502-8.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 2376246 (View on PubMed)

Meecham Jones DJ, Paul EA, Jones PW, Wedzicha JA. Nasal pressure support ventilation plus oxygen compared with oxygen therapy alone in hypercapnic COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Aug;152(2):538-44. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.152.2.7633704.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 7633704 (View on PubMed)

Hormann C, Baum M, Putensen C, Mutz NJ, Benzer H. Biphasic positive airway pressure (BIPAP)--a new mode of ventilatory support. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1994 Jan;11(1):37-42.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 8143712 (View on PubMed)

Chu CM, Yu WC, Tam CM, Lam CW, Hui DS, Lai CK; Hong Kong Home Ventilation Registry; Hong Kong Thoracic Society. Home mechanical ventilation in Hong Kong. Eur Respir J. 2004 Jan;23(1):136-41. doi: 10.1183/09031936.03.00017803.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 14738245 (View on PubMed)

Simonds AK. Home Mechanical Ventilation: An Overview. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016 Nov;13(11):2035-2044. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201606-454FR.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27560387 (View on PubMed)

Cheng SL, Chan VL, Chu CM. Compliance with home non-invasive ventilation. Respirology. 2012 May;17(4):735-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02169.x.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22420583 (View on PubMed)

Motor Neurone Disease: The Use of Non-Invasive Ventilation in the Management of Motor Neurone Disease [Internet]. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE); 2010 Jul. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65383/

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22171400 (View on PubMed)

Simonds AK, Elliott MW. Outcome of domiciliary nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in restrictive and obstructive disorders. Thorax. 1995 Jun;50(6):604-9. doi: 10.1136/thx.50.6.604.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 7638799 (View on PubMed)

Leger P, Bedicam JM, Cornette A, Reybet-Degat O, Langevin B, Polu JM, Jeannin L, Robert D. Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Long-term follow-up in patients with severe chronic respiratory insufficiency. Chest. 1994 Jan;105(1):100-5. doi: 10.1378/chest.105.1.100.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 8275718 (View on PubMed)

Mehta S, Hill NS. Noninvasive ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Feb;163(2):540-77. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.163.2.9906116. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 11179136 (View on PubMed)

Shneerson JM, Simonds AK. Noninvasive ventilation for chest wall and neuromuscular disorders. Eur Respir J. 2002 Aug;20(2):480-7. doi: 10.1183/09031936.02.00404002.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 12212984 (View on PubMed)

Duiverman ML, Wempe JB, Bladder G, Vonk JM, Zijlstra JG, Kerstjens HA, Wijkstra PJ. Two-year home-based nocturnal noninvasive ventilation added to rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. Respir Res. 2011 Aug 23;12(1):112. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-112.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21861914 (View on PubMed)

Suraj KP, Jyothi E, Rakhi R. Role of Domiciliary Noninvasive Ventilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Requiring Repeated Admissions with Acute Type II Respiratory Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2018 Jun;22(6):397-401. doi: 10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_61_18.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29962738 (View on PubMed)

Blankenburg T, Benthin C, Pohl S, Bramer A, Kalbitz F, Lautenschlager C, Schutte W. Survival of Hypercapnic Patients with COPD and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Treated with High Intensity Non Invasive Ventilation in the Daily Routine Care. Open Respir Med J. 2017 Jun 30;11:31-40. doi: 10.2174/1874306401711010031. eCollection 2017.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28839495 (View on PubMed)

Duiverman ML, Windisch W, Storre JH, Wijkstra PJ. The role of NIV in chronic hypercapnic COPD following an acute exacerbation: the importance of patient selection? Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2016 Apr;10(2):149-57. doi: 10.1177/1753465815624645. Epub 2016 Jan 8.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26746384 (View on PubMed)

Kohnlein T, Windisch W, Kohler D, Drabik A, Geiseler J, Hartl S, Karg O, Laier-Groeneveld G, Nava S, Schonhofer B, Schucher B, Wegscheider K, Criee CP, Welte T. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for the treatment of severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective, multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2014 Sep;2(9):698-705. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70153-5. Epub 2014 Jul 24.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25066329 (View on PubMed)

Dreher M, Storre JH, Schmoor C, Windisch W. High-intensity versus low-intensity non-invasive ventilation in patients with stable hypercapnic COPD: a randomised crossover trial. Thorax. 2010 Apr;65(4):303-8. doi: 10.1136/thx.2009.124263.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20388753 (View on PubMed)

McEvoy RD, Pierce RJ, Hillman D, Esterman A, Ellis EE, Catcheside PG, O'Donoghue FJ, Barnes DJ, Grunstein RR; Australian trial of non-invasive Ventilation in Chronic Airflow Limitation (AVCAL) Study Group. Nocturnal non-invasive nasal ventilation in stable hypercapnic COPD: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2009 Jul;64(7):561-6. doi: 10.1136/thx.2008.108274. Epub 2009 Feb 12.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19213769 (View on PubMed)

Altintas N. Update: Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Chronic Respiratory Failure Due to COPD. COPD. 2016;13(1):110-21. doi: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1043520. Epub 2015 Sep 29.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26418151 (View on PubMed)

Murphy PB, Rehal S, Arbane G, Bourke S, Calverley PMA, Crook AM, Dowson L, Duffy N, Gibson GJ, Hughes PD, Hurst JR, Lewis KE, Mukherjee R, Nickol A, Oscroft N, Patout M, Pepperell J, Smith I, Stradling JR, Wedzicha JA, Polkey MI, Elliott MW, Hart N. Effect of Home Noninvasive Ventilation With Oxygen Therapy vs Oxygen Therapy Alone on Hospital Readmission or Death After an Acute COPD Exacerbation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Jun 6;317(21):2177-2186. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.4451.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28528348 (View on PubMed)

Struik FM, Lacasse Y, Goldstein RS, Kerstjens HA, Wijkstra PJ. Nocturnal noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in stable COPD: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Respir Med. 2014 Feb;108(2):329-37. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.10.007. Epub 2013 Oct 14.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24157199 (View on PubMed)

Borel JC, Pepin JL, Pison C, Vesin A, Gonzalez-Bermejo J, Court-Fortune I, Timsit JF. Long-term adherence with non-invasive ventilation improves prognosis in obese COPD patients. Respirology. 2014 Aug;19(6):857-65. doi: 10.1111/resp.12327. Epub 2014 Jun 9.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24912564 (View on PubMed)

Dretzke J, Moore D, Dave C, Mukherjee R, Price MJ, Bayliss S, Wu X, Jordan RE, Turner AM. The effect of domiciliary noninvasive ventilation on clinical outcomes in stable and recently hospitalized patients with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016 Sep 16;11:2269-2286. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S104238. eCollection 2016.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27698560 (View on PubMed)

Farrero E, Prats E, Manresa F, Escarrabill J. Outcome of non-invasive domiciliary ventilation in elderly patients. Respir Med. 2007 Jun;101(6):1068-73. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.10.005. Epub 2006 Nov 28.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17126543 (View on PubMed)

Callegari J, Magnet FS, Taubner S, Berger M, Schwarz SB, Windisch W, Storre JH. Interfaces and ventilator settings for long-term noninvasive ventilation in COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017 Jun 28;12:1883-1889. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S132170. eCollection 2017.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28721033 (View on PubMed)

Chang AY, Marsh S, Smith N, Neill A. Long-term community non-invasive ventilation. Intern Med J. 2010 Nov;40(11):764-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02171.x.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20059598 (View on PubMed)

Ulger AF, Poyraz B, Gulec Balbay E, Binay S. Our experience of 200 patients: usage and maintenance of long-term oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation devices at home. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014 Jan 15;7(1):170-6. eCollection 2014.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24482704 (View on PubMed)

Gale NK, Jawad M, Dave C, Turner AM. Adapting to domiciliary non-invasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative interview study. Palliat Med. 2015 Mar;29(3):268-77. doi: 10.1177/0269216314558327. Epub 2014 Dec 18.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25524958 (View on PubMed)

Ennis J, Rohde K, Chaput JP, Buchholz A, Katz SL. Facilitators and Barriers to Noninvasive Ventilation Adherence in Youth with Nocturnal Hypoventilation Secondary to Obesity or Neuromuscular Disease. J Clin Sleep Med. 2015 Dec 15;11(12):1409-16. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.5276.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26235150 (View on PubMed)

Mansell SK, Cutts S, Hackney I, Wood MJ, Hawksworth K, Creer DD, Kilbride C, Mandal S. Using domiciliary non-invasive ventilator data downloads to inform clinical decision-making to optimise ventilation delivery and patient compliance. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2018 Mar 3;5(1):e000238. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2017-000238. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29531743 (View on PubMed)

Mayberry LS, Osborn CY. Empirical validation of the information-motivation-behavioral skills model of diabetes medication adherence: a framework for intervention. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(5):1246-53. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1828. Epub 2014 Mar 5.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24598245 (View on PubMed)

Cooperman NA, Richter KP, Bernstein SL, Steinberg ML, Williams JM. Determining Smoking Cessation Related Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills among Opiate Dependent Smokers in Methadone Treatment. Subst Use Misuse. 2015 Apr;50(5):566-81. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2014.991405. Epub 2015 Jan 5.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25559697 (View on PubMed)

Nelson LA, Wallston KA, Kripalani S, LeStourgeon LM, Williamson SE, Mayberry LS. Assessing barriers to diabetes medication adherence using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018 Aug;142:374-384. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.05.046. Epub 2018 Jun 4.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29879495 (View on PubMed)

Malatesha G, Singh NK, Bharija A, Rehani B, Goel A. Comparison of arterial and venous pH, bicarbonate, PCO2 and PO2 in initial emergency department assessment. Emerg Med J. 2007 Aug;24(8):569-71. doi: 10.1136/emj.2007.046979.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17652681 (View on PubMed)

Tsai PS, Wang SY, Wang MY, Su CT, Yang TT, Huang CJ, Fang SC. Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) in primary insomnia and control subjects. Qual Life Res. 2005 Oct;14(8):1943-52. doi: 10.1007/s11136-005-4346-x.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16155782 (View on PubMed)

Ho RT, Fong TC. Factor structure of the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index in breast cancer patients. Sleep Med. 2014 May;15(5):565-9. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.10.019. Epub 2014 Feb 18.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24759325 (View on PubMed)

Cheung LM, Wong WS. The effects of insomnia and internet addiction on depression in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents: an exploratory cross-sectional analysis. J Sleep Res. 2011 Jun;20(2):311-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00883.x. Epub 2010 Aug 31.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20819144 (View on PubMed)

Wong WS, Fielding R. Prevalence of insomnia among Chinese adults in Hong Kong: a population-based study. J Sleep Res. 2011 Mar;20(1 Pt 1):117-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00822.x.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20408932 (View on PubMed)

Chen R, Guan L, Wu W, Yang Z, Li X, Luo Q, Liang Z, Wang F, Guo B, Huo Y, Yang Y, Zhou L. The Chinese version of the Severe Respiratory Insufficiency questionnaire for patients with chronic hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receiving non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. BMJ Open. 2017 Aug 28;7(8):e017712. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017712.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28851800 (View on PubMed)

Yu DSF, Li PW, Lau JC, Cheung PSA, Ip M, Cheng SLL, Poon HCL, Iris Lee FK. Health Communication and Adherence to Noninvasive Ventilation in Chronic Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Dec 2;7(12):e2451614. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51614.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39724376 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Related Links

Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.

http://www.fmshk.org/database/hkmd/hkmd201609.pdf

Cheung PS, Chu CM. Non-invasive ventilation for COPD hospital and home use. The Hong Kong Medical Diary 2016; 21(9): 21-3.

https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/an-update-on-domiciliary-noninvasive-ventilation-2161-105X.1000234.pdf

Comer DM. An update on domiciliary non-invasive ventilation. J Pulm Respir Med 2014; 5: 234. doi:10.4172/2161-105x.1000234

https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42682/9241545992.pdf

Sabate E. Adherence to long-term therapies: Evidence for action. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2003.

https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Social+Psychological+Foundations+of+Health+and+Illness-p-9780631225157

Fisher WA, Fisher JD, Harman J. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model: A general social psychological approach to understanding and promoting health behavior. In Suls, Wallston (Eds.), Social psychological foundations of health and illnes

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2014.08.002

Chang SJ, Choi S, Kim S, Song M. Intervention strategies based on Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model for health behavior change: a systematic review. Asian Nurs Res 2014; 8: 172-81.

https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1058496

Kim YI, Park JS. Development and Evaluation of a Joint Health Self-management Program for the Elderly with Knee Osteoarthritis in Communities: Applying the IMB Model. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 2017; 28(1): 55-68.

https://www.hkcgn.org/images/userfiles/newsletter/Newsletter_Issue28_8pp_r1.pdf

To KW, Lee FKI. The effect of a theory-driven educational-intervention for improving adherence to inhalation therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot study. Presented in Hong Kong College of Gerontology Nursing Scientifi

https://books.google.com.hk/books/about/An_Introduction_to_Randomized_Controlled.html?id=0wrDQgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y

Matthews JNS. An introduction to randomized controlled clinical trials. London: Arnold, 2000.

https://www.amazon.com/Laboratory-Diagnostic-Tests-Nursing-Implications/dp/0130305197

Kee JL. Laboratory and diagnostic tests with nursing implications, 6th ed.. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2002.

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

IMB-NIV-CHRF

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.