Near Horizontal Heterophoria in Chinese Children

NCT ID: NCT05007626

Last Updated: 2021-08-16

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Total Enrollment: 15081 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2017-01-29
• Study Completion Date: 2017-12-31

Brief Summary

This study aimed to assess the association of refraction and axial length with near-horizontal heterophoria in a large population-based study of school-aged Chinese children. The study makes a significant contribution to better know the etiology of myopia progression and ocular axial length development. Further, this study will be of interest to the readership of your journal because its noteworthy finding and which could contribute to guide recommendations for targeted interventions to slow myopia progression.

Detailed Description

Myopia is becoming a global public health burden which is believed to have a multifactorial etiology. The relationship between heterophoria and refraction remains controversial. We describe the association of refraction and axial length (AL) with heterophoria in a large population-based study of school-aged Chinese children. Eleven thousand thirteen elementary school children grades 1-6, were included in this school-based, cross-sectional study. Near phoria data was quantified by using Maddox rod test and prism at 33 cm. Children in each grade level were sorted into three groups based upon phoria: 1) those with more than six prism diopters (PD) exophoria, 2) those with zero to six PD exophoria, and 3) those with any amount of esophoria. Autorefraction was measured by autorefractor (Topcon KR8900, Japan) and AL was measured by Optical Biometer AL-Scan (Nidek AL-Scan, Japan). A generalized additive model (GAM) was applied with a Gaussian link to explore the association between the refractive error or axial length and heterophoria. An additional age-adjusted model was also employed for analysis.

Conditions

Myopia, Progressive

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: CASE_CONTROL
• Study Time Perspective: RETROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

zero to six Exo

axial length and refractive error

Intervention Type: OTHER

Comparing the correlation between heterophoria and refraction, even after age adjustment.

Interventions

axial length and refractive error

Comparing the correlation between heterophoria and refraction, even after age adjustment.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• ages of 6 and 13 years
• Chinese school children

Exclusion Criteria

• Subjects with eye diseases or strabismus

• Minimum Eligible Age: 6 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 13 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Tianjin Eye Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Yan Wang

Director, Head of Ophthalmology

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

Tianjin Eye Hospital

Tianjin, , China

Countries

China

References

Grzybowski A, Kanclerz P, Tsubota K, Lanca C, Saw SM. A review on the epidemiology of myopia in school children worldwide. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020 Jan 14;20(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s12886-019-1220-0.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 31937276 (View on PubMed)

Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, Jong M, Naidoo KS, Sankaridurg P, Wong TY, Naduvilath TJ, Resnikoff S. Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016 May;123(5):1036-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006. Epub 2016 Feb 11.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 26875007 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

2021020

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id